<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[The Aufthority]]></title><description><![CDATA[Simplified and nuanced healthcare. Evidence-based. Empathy in delivery. Wholesome application.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QmQA!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02c326a-43ed-4313-be22-0b146b7505be_650x650.png</url><title>The Aufthority</title><link>https://aufthority.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 18:58:00 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Ffeed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Auf]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[aufthority@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[aufthority@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[aufthority@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[aufthority@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Week 10 Pregnancy: Everything That Helps Is Hard to Swallow]]></title><description><![CDATA[Of constipation, management and barriers to improvements]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/week-10-pregnancy-everything-that</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/week-10-pregnancy-everything-that</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2026 23:37:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XNYn%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XNYn%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XNYn%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg" width="1080" height="565" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:565,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:349444,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;brown concrete statue of man&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="brown concrete statue of man" title="brown concrete statue of man" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XNYn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F121e471f-6255-4bba-9ca6-834d4f08d4c8_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40tompodmore86">Tom Podmore</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Around 2200 BCE, near the end of what Egyptologists call the Old Kingdom, a physician named Irynachet had his job titles carved into a false door at Giza. A false door means exactly what it sounds like: a stone doorway that does not open, built into a tomb so that the dead can pass through it and the living can leave offerings in front of it. It is a business card, if your business card were meant to be read by gods.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Irynachet listed his roles. Senior physician of the great house, meaning the palace. Physician of the eyes. Physician of the belly. And one more, which Egyptologists translate with varying degrees of dignity as protector, or guardian, or, in the version that has escaped into the popular imagination, shepherd of the anus.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Popular histories like to add that Iry personally administered the pharaoh&#8217;s enemas. The door says nothing of the sort. What it does say is enough: more than four thousand years ago, at the top of the most elaborate state on earth, someone decided the royal bowel deserved its own specialist, and the specialist considered the title worth carving into stone for eternity.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">He was not being silly. Egyptian physicians believed that a rotting substance they called <em>wekhedu</em> formed in the bowel and could travel through the body to cause disease. Keeping things moving was not a matter of comfort. As far as anyone knew, it was a matter of life and death. The door, incidentally, was later reused as a cover for someone else&#8217;s shaft tomb, which is how most of us will eventually be remembered: as useful masonry.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">I have been thinking about Iry this week, because I seem to have taken up a similar position, minus the door.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">It is the first week of October, and my wife is ten weeks pregnant. The nausea gets all the attention in the first trimester. It has its own famous, inaccurate name. Constipation has no such publicist. It just arrives, quietly, and stays.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">It is also common, though less so this early than I assumed. A 2024 meta-analysis of 13 studies put constipation in pregnancy at about 32 percent overall: 21 percent in the first trimester, 34 in the second and 30 in the third. So we are ahead of schedule, and the worst is usually yet to come.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The main culprit is a hormone doing its job too well. Progesterone rises steeply in early pregnancy, and one of its central tasks is to relax smooth muscle, which keeps the uterus calm and the pregnancy in place. It is not very precise about which smooth muscle it relaxes. The gut is lined with the same kind, and the gut slows down too.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">That matters because one of the colon&#8217;s main jobs is pulling water out of whatever passes through it. The longer the journey takes, the more water the colon removes, and the harder and drier the result. Nobody has ever needed this explained twice.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The classic evidence is small. In 1982, researchers timed a test meal through the gut of 15 women in the third trimester and again after they gave birth. Transit was significantly slower in pregnancy, when progesterone and oestradiol were high. Later on, the growing uterus adds a mechanical problem on top.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Then there is the tablet on the kitchen counter.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">My wife takes Iberet-Folic-500 once a day, as many pregnant women in Malaysia do. According to its registered product leaflet, each tablet contains 525 mg of ferrous sulfate, which works out to 105 mg of elemental iron, plus 500 mg of vitamin C to help absorption, 800 micrograms of folic acid, and a handful of B vitamins. The iron sits in what the manufacturer calls a Gradumet, a porous plastic matrix that releases it slowly as the tablet travels through the gut.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The iron is there for good reasons. A 2025 meta-analysis of 23 studies in pregnant women who were not anaemic found that iron supplements roughly halved the risk of becoming anaemic. Ten women would need to take iron for one of them to avoid anaemia.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">It is also not free. A 2015 meta-analysis of 43 randomised trials and 6,831 adults found that ferrous sulfate, the same iron salt in her tablet, more than doubled the odds of gastrointestinal side effects compared with placebo. In the seven trials done in pregnant women, the odds were about three times higher, although those trials disagreed with each other quite a lot.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The slow-release design is marketed as gentler on the stomach, though I found no independent trial of whether it means less constipation in pregnancy.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">So the tablet meant to protect her blood is quite possibly making her week harder, and the hormone keeping the pregnancy in place definitely is.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The conventional advice is three words long: fibre, fluids, exercise. It is the recommended first-line treatment for constipation in pregnancy, and the fibre part has a surprisingly good backstory.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[We are going to have another baby—after seven years]]></title><description><![CDATA[and it is not like riding a bike]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/we-are-going-to-have-another-babyafter</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/we-are-going-to-have-another-babyafter</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2026 04:02:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21b3aD%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21b3aD%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21b3aD%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg" width="1456" height="818" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:818,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:317185,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/218187864?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3aD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52a691fc-d21f-4bbd-92aa-5974d9306605_2000x1124.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">In 1843, a Danish man of about thirty wrote a sentence in his journal that people have been printing on posters and mugs ever since:</p><div class="pullquote"><p style="text-align: center;">life can only be understood backwards, but it must be lived forwards.</p></div><p style="text-align: justify;">The man was S&#248;ren Kierkegaard, and 1843 was not a calm year for him. Two years earlier, he had broken off his engagement to Regine Olsen, a young woman he adored, and about whom he would keep writing for the rest of his life. He gave back the ring. Her family, understandably, found him incomprehensible at best and cruel at worst. Then he went to Berlin and wrote as though something were chasing him. <em>Either/Or</em> came out in February 1843. Before the year ended, he had also published <em>Fear and Trembling</em> and a strange little book called <em>Repetition</em>, which asks whether a person can ever go back and live something again. He even tested the question himself, returning to Berlin partly to see whether an earlier trip could be repeated. It could not. Meanwhile, back in Copenhagen, Regine became engaged to someone else.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">So the famous sentence was not handed down by a wise sage on a mountain. It was scribbled by a sad, deeply stubborn man in the middle of a decision he could not yet make sense of, living forwards through its consequences one page at a time.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">This reminds me of my twenties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Nevermind.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">I have always found the sentence comforting anyway. It suggests that the confusion of living forwards is temporary, and that if you wait long enough and look back carefully enough, things will make sense. The looking back, in other words, is supposed to be the reliable part.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">For example, for the last ten years, I understood jaundice the way the doctors explained it to us with our first two children.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Both of our children were born yellow. Not the faint, forgettable yellow that most newborns go through for a few days, but the kind of yellow that means extra clinic visits and heel-prick blood tests and a baby whose skin you keep holding up against a white bedsheet, as though the bedsheet might have an opinion. It happened with our daughter. Three years later, it happened again with our son.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">My wife and I are both blood type O. So the theory went like this: two O parents, therefore a higher risk of jaundice, therefore two yellow babies. It was tidy. It was the explanation we gave whenever anyone asked. I gave it with the particular confidence of a man who works at a health university, and who has therefore absorbed, through some kind of institutional osmosis, the right to explain things.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Here is my favourite thing about that theory: <em>it was wrong</em>.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/we-are-going-to-have-another-babyafter?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fwe-are-going-to-have-another-babyafter%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Performative habits are not about being seen]]></title><description><![CDATA[It is about immersing oneself among brothers and sisters.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/performative-culture-isnt-about-being</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/performative-culture-isnt-about-being</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2026 03:21:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212aYe%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212aYe%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212aYe%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg" width="2166" height="1134" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2aYe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0623121-ce3d-4e2f-b5c3-76f079107dea_2166x1134.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">La Marina by F&#233;lix Resurrecci&#243;n Hidalgo</figcaption></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;Leaving an action for the sake of others is showing off. Acting for the sake of others is (a kind of) idolatry. Sincerity is God protecting you from the two.&#8221;</p><p>&#8212; al-Fudayl ibn &#8216;Iyad, as recorded by al-Nawawi in al-Tibyan fi Adab Hamalat al-Quran, translated by Musa Furber</p></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Before he was a scholar, <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAl-Fudayl_ibn_Iyad">al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad</a> robbed travellers on the road between Abiward and Sarakhs. His biographers say the change came on a single night. He was climbing a wall to reach a woman he loved when he heard someone reciting:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: justify;">&#1758; &#1571;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614;&#1605;&#1618; &#1610;&#1614;&#1571;&#1618;&#1606;&#1616; &#1604;&#1616;&#1604;&#1617;&#1614;&#1584;&#1616;&#1610;&#1606;&#1614; &#1569;&#1614;&#1575;&#1605;&#1614;&#1606;&#1615;&#1608;&#1619;&#1575;&#1759; &#1571;&#1614;&#1606; &#1578;&#1614;&#1582;&#1618;&#1588;&#1614;&#1593;&#1614; &#1602;&#1615;&#1604;&#1615;&#1608;&#1576;&#1615;&#1607;&#1615;&#1605;&#1618; &#1604;&#1616;&#1584;&#1616;&#1603;&#1618;&#1585;&#1616; &#1649;&#1604;&#1604;&#1617;&#1614;&#1607;&#1616; &#1608;&#1614;&#1605;&#1614;&#1575; &#1606;&#1614;&#1586;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614; &#1605;&#1616;&#1606;&#1614; &#1649;&#1604;&#1618;&#1581;&#1614;&#1602;&#1617;&#1616; &#1608;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614;&#1575; &#1610;&#1614;&#1603;&#1615;&#1608;&#1606;&#1615;&#1608;&#1575;&#1759; &#1603;&#1614;&#1649;&#1604;&#1617;&#1614;&#1584;&#1616;&#1610;&#1606;&#1614; &#1571;&#1615;&#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1608;&#1575;&#1759; &#1649;&#1604;&#1618;&#1603;&#1616;&#1578;&#1614;&#1600;&#1648;&#1576;&#1614; &#1605;&#1616;&#1606; &#1602;&#1614;&#1576;&#1618;&#1604;&#1615;Al-Hadid (57:16)</p><p>&#1758; &#1571;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614;&#1605;&#1618; &#1610;&#1614;&#1571;&#1618;&#1606;&#1616; &#1604;&#1616;&#1604;&#1617;&#1614;&#1584;&#1616;&#1610;&#1606;&#1614; &#1569;&#1614;&#1575;&#1605;&#1614;&#1606;&#1615;&#1608;&#1619;&#1575;&#1759; &#1571;&#1614;&#1606; &#1578;&#1614;&#1582;&#1618;&#1588;&#1614;&#1593;&#1614; &#1602;&#1615;&#1604;&#1615;&#1608;&#1576;&#1615;&#1607;&#1615;&#1605;&#1618; &#1604;&#1616;&#1584;&#1616;&#1603;&#1618;&#1585;&#1616; &#1649;&#1604;&#1604;&#1617;&#1614;&#1607;&#1616; &#1608;&#1614;&#1605;&#1614;&#1575; &#1606;&#1614;&#1586;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614; &#1605;&#1616;&#1606;&#1614; &#1649;&#1604;&#1618;&#1581;&#1614;&#1602;&#1617;&#1616; &#1608;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614;&#1575; &#1610;&#1614;&#1603;&#1615;&#1608;&#1606;&#1615;&#1608;&#1575;&#1759; &#1603;&#1614;&#1649;&#1604;&#1617;&#1614;&#1584;&#1616;&#1610;&#1606;&#1614; &#1571;&#1615;&#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1608;&#1575;&#1759; &#1649;&#1604;&#1618;&#1603;&#1616;&#1578;&#1614;&#1600;&#1648;&#1576;&#1614; &#1605;&#1616;&#1606; &#1602;&#1614;&#1576;&#1618;&#1604;&#1615; &#1601;&#1614;&#1591;&#1614;&#1575;&#1604;&#1614; &#1593;&#1614;&#1604;&#1614;&#1610;&#1618;&#1607;&#1616;&#1605;&#1615; &#1649;&#1604;&#1618;&#1571;&#1614;&#1605;&#1614;&#1583;&#1615; &#1601;&#1614;&#1602;&#1614;&#1587;&#1614;&#1578;&#1618; &#1602;&#1615;&#1604;&#1615;&#1608;&#1576;&#1615;&#1607;&#1615;&#1605;&#1618; &#1750; &#1608;&#1614;&#1603;&#1614;&#1579;&#1616;&#1610;&#1585;&#1612; &#1605;&#1617;&#1616;&#1606;&#1618;&#1607;&#1615;&#1605;&#1618; &#1601;&#1614;&#1600;&#1648;&#1587;&#1616;&#1602;&#1615;&#1608;&#1606;&#1614; &#1633;&#1638;</p><p><strong>Has the time not yet come for believers&#8217; hearts to be humbled at the remembrance of Allah and what has been revealed of the truth</strong>, and not be like those given the Scripture before&#8212;&#761;those&#762; who were spoiled for so long that their hearts became hardened. And many of them are &#761;still&#762; rebellious.</p><p>&#8212; Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran</p><p>https://quran.com/al-hadid/16</p></div><p style="text-align: justify;">He took shelter in a ruin. A group of travellers was camped there, arguing over whether to continue travelling in the dark. Some wanted to leave. Others said to wait for morning, because Fudayl was on the road and would rob them.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">No one in that ruin knew he was listening. He was not changed by an audience. He was changed by hearing, from among strangers, what his life looked like inside theirs: the reason ordinary people were afraid to travel at night. He repented, sought knowledge, and spent the rest of his life near the Ka&#8217;ba.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Twelve centuries later, that old idea, that the company of strangers can change us without anyone performing for anyone, found an unlikely home. On a Saturday afternoon in Shimokitazawa, an underground club called SPREAD turned its dance floor into a reading room.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Carpets covered the floor. People sat cross-legged, lay down, leaned against the walls with a book open. Ambient music played and grew louder as the afternoon went on. There was a shelf for swapping books. The organisers called it JUCY BOOK RAVE, and it is one of many. In May, more than 300 people read together in a Melbourne nightclub at an event called Book Doof. In New York and Amsterdam, reading events sell out weeks ahead.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XCuM%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XCuM%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png" width="845" height="447" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:447,&quot;width&quot;:845,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:341290,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/218148711?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XCuM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe359b77f-98c7-420f-ae43-704c0f18df86_845x447.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">The accusation arrived with the trend. It&#8217;s <em>performative</em>. People aren&#8217;t reading. They just want to be <em>seen</em> reading.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">This accusation implies: if you might look performative, don&#8217;t go. The man from the ruin would later call that instruction its own kind of showing off. Staying away from a good thing because of what people might think still lets people decide what you do.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookdoof.com%2F">Book Doof</a>&#8217;s organiser, Grant Crabb, didn&#8217;t spend long defending himself. If it&#8217;s for show, he said, he doesn&#8217;t particularly mind. What he noticed instead was that many people seem to be searching for something that connects them with others.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ZkfL%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ZkfL%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png" width="1351" height="623" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:623,&quot;width&quot;:1351,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1064384,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/218148711?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZkfL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42be5b60-6a0b-4f5d-b0b3-83b3e7b116be_1351x623.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">I think he&#8217;s onto something the accusation misses. What gets called <em>performative culture</em> is often something older and plainer. It is people <em>leaning</em> toward each other.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The suspicion behind &#8220;performative&#8221; is that the audience is the point. We do the thing because someone is watching, and the watching <em>corrupts</em> it.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Psychologists have tested what other people&#8217;s presence does to us for more than a century, and the largest review of that work does not find what the accusation assumes. In 1983, Charles Bond and Linda Titus pooled 241 studies involving nearly 24,000 people. The presence of others did change performance, though the effects were small: they accounted for between 0.3% and 3% of the variation in a typical experiment. People sped up on simple tasks and stumbled on complex ones.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The surprising part was what didn&#8217;t matter. Bond and Titus found social facilitation effects to be &#8220;surprisingly unrelated to the performer&#8217;s evaluation apprehension.&#8221; Whether the others could judge you made little reliable difference. Their mere presence was enough to produce effects of its own.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In other words, much of what happens to us in company does not depend on being watched. It depends on being <em>among</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">There is a catch the book raves should take seriously. By Bond and Titus's own findings, a complex task such as reading dense prose is exactly the kind of work that company tends to make slightly worse. If the case for reading in a nightclub rested on reading better there, the evidence would be against it. The stronger case concerns what gets people into the room at all, and what being there makes possible afterwards.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[My brother bought a new car]]></title><description><![CDATA[and I learned about the The Baader-Meinhof Gang and how the human brain is unreliable.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/my-brother-bought-a-new-car</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/my-brother-bought-a-new-car</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 10:51:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mfAh%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mfAh%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mfAh%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg" width="1280" height="721" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:721,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:350753,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/216838225?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mfAh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0488334a-c6bb-487b-aba7-c64f27e15be1_1280x721.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Mitsubishi Xpander is a multi utility vehicle (MPV), made by the Japanese car maker&#8212;Mitsubishi. Now, it is a great looking car. I admit that it&#8217;s not a car for the young single guys out there looking to make an impression on a lass of their interest but for a family of four? Or a family taking care their elderlies? It works great. With a 1.5L MIVEC engine producing 105 hp at 6,000 rpm and 141 Nm of torque at 4,000 rpm, paired to a four-speed automatic, it is more than capable of serving everyone with the utmost comfort during any type of travels.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21g7Uq%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21g7Uq%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1933593,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/216838225?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g7Uq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd50d24d-a087-4098-a8b8-0a3d27c7fd46_1600x1067.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Before my brother told me he was buying one, I had never once registered the Xpander&#8217;s existence. I would have told you, with some confidence, that it wasn&#8217;t a common car on Malaysian roads. Then he signed the papers, and the car started showing up. Apparently my neighbour across the street has one. I counted three of them on the drive home from work today. None of this happened because Mitsubishi suddenly shipped a container of Xpanders into my neighbourhood the week my brother bought his. It happened because I finally started looking.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">What happened to me with the Xpander already has a name. Just like the <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRed_Army_Faction">Red Army Faction</a> has an official name, but everyone just call them Baader-Meinhof Gang, after founders Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, who launched it in 1970. For nearly three decades it ran bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations against the West German state and American military bases there, before dissolving in 1998. By the time anyone named a phenomenon after them, they&#8217;d been out of the headlines for years.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212YtI%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212YtI%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YtI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F528251e2-224d-4f76-be4b-1710763a7663_767x432.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Mugshots of the members of the RAF.</figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">In 1994, a reader named Terry Mullen wrote to the St. Paul Pioneer Press describing this exact thing: he mentioned the Baader-Meinhof Gang once, in passing, and the next day ran into it again in the newspaper. Other readers wrote in with the same story, and just like that, the <em>coincidence</em> had a <em>name</em>. It took another decade for Stanford linguist Arnold Zwicky to give it a clinical label, the <strong>frequency illusion</strong>, and trace it to two biases tag-teaming you. Selective attention flags something your brain would normally scroll past. <strong>Confirmation bias</strong> makes you remember every sighting after that, while forgetting the dozens of times you walked past an Xpander, or heard the words Baader-Meinhof, without noticing at all.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">On its own, that&#8217;s harmless. Fun, even. The number of Xpanders on the road didn&#8217;t change the week my brother bought his. Only my noticing did.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Frequency illusion</strong> only covers what crosses your attention. It doesn&#8217;t explain why you end up believing something, and that part&#8217;s <strong>confirmation bias</strong>&#8217;s job, the same partner-in-crime Zwicky named alongside it. Once you&#8217;ve noticed a thing, you start collecting proof it&#8217;s real, and you stop noticing the proof it isn&#8217;t. Put the two together and you&#8217;ve built a belief-manufacturing machine.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Frequency illusion</strong> decides what shows up.</p><p><strong>Confirmation bias</strong> decides what you do with it once it has.</p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;">Nobody has to design a lie for this to work. It functions on a real finding stretched past what it can support, on a diagnosis noticed more without becoming more common, and on a belief strong enough to manufacture its own symptom. All three are playing out in healthcare right now, and not one of the people caught up in them decided to believe something false.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GNsbHlunio4W6VBhs6SyZNoRfg9DjsgO/view?usp=sharing&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Get a FREE planner here&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1GNsbHlunio4W6VBhs6SyZNoRfg9DjsgO%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing"><span>Get a FREE planner here</span></a></p><h2>More diagnoses, not more autism</h2><p style="text-align: justify;">Here&#8217;s a number you&#8217;ve probably heard tossed around: autism now affects roughly 1 in 31 American kids, per the CDC&#8217;s latest data, up from 1 in 150 back in 2000. Said in one breath, it sounds like an epidemic, and it gets treated like one, on cable news and in comment sections built around that framing.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Look at how that number got made, though, and a different picture shows up:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The official rulebook (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM) doctors use to diagnose autism got a lot broader in 1994, and broader again in 2013.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Checking kids for autism at routine doctor visits also became standard practice, something that almost never happened a generation ago.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Researcher Paul Shattuck looked at how disability labels changed across every US state from 1984 to 2003, and found that as autism diagnoses went up, diagnoses of intellectual disability and learning disabilities went down by almost the same amount, in the very same school systems.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In other words, a lot of the same kids who'd have gotten a different label ten years earlier are now getting the autism label instead.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Separate studies out of Sweden and the UK found something similar: when researchers applied the same diagnostic rules consistently across different age groups, the actual rate of autism came out flat. That's exactly what you'd expect if autism itself hadn't become more common, and doctors had just gotten better at spotting it.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">None of this means autism isn&#8217;t real. People who have it really do have it. It&#8217;s also possible autism has become a little more common too, that door isn&#8217;t closed.</p><p>But here&#8217;s the important part. Two different claims keep getting mixed up as if they&#8217;re the same claim. The first one is true: more kids are being diagnosed with autism. The second one is much bigger, and the numbers don&#8217;t back it up: autism itself is becoming more common.</p><p>Remember the Xpander. Once my brother bought one, I started seeing them everywhere, even though nothing had actually changed except my own attention. The same thing is happening here. People are noticing autism more because doctors are looking harder, with a wider net and looser rules, not because something changed inside children&#8217;s brains.</p><p>Then confirmation bias steps in. When people see a number going up on a chart, they want a big reason for it. &#8220;We just started looking harder&#8221; doesn&#8217;t feel like enough of an answer. So people reach for a scarier explanation instead, whatever happens to be trending that week. Somewhere, a school just hired one more special education coordinator. Somewhere else, a Facebook group gained twelve thousand new members, all convinced something in the water caused it.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://shopee.com.my/aufali87#product_list&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Shop at our Shopee Shop&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fshopee.com.my%2Faufali87%23product_list"><span>Shop at our Shopee Shop</span></a></p><h2>Sugar fuels cancer but so does everything else?</h2><p style="text-align: justify;">In 1924, a scientist named Otto Warburg noticed something strange. Cancer cells burn sugar in a weird way, even when there&#8217;s plenty of oxygen around for them to do it the normal way. This was a real discovery. It won Warburg a Nobel Prize. Doctors still use it today. It&#8217;s the whole idea behind the PET scan: doctors inject a bit of radioactive sugar, then watch where it lights up fastest inside the body. That&#8217;s usually where the tumour is.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">It took almost a hundred years for scientists to fully understand this discovery. It took about fifteen seconds of scrolling for someone to turn it into a wrong idea: that drinking green juice can starve your tumour.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">That glowing scan is where the whole &#8220;sugar feeds cancer&#8221; idea comes from. But the next step, &#8220;cut sugar and starve the tumour,&#8221; is where things fall apart. Every cell in your body needs sugar to work, not just cancer cells. Your brain needs it. Your immune system needs it too.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Even if you stop eating sugar completely, your liver just makes its own sugar out of protein and fat. Your body has no way to send fuel everywhere except the tumour. It doesn&#8217;t work like that.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">No study on real people has ever shown that eating sugar, by itself, makes tumours grow faster. There is a real link between sugar and cancer, but it works differently. Eating a lot of added sugar can lead to weight gain, and being overweight raises the risk of several cancers. That&#8217;s a real connection. It&#8217;s just not the same thing as &#8220;sugar feeds cancer.&#8221;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">This is confirmation bias with a picture attached. The scan image looks dramatic. People share it all the time. Every time someone sees it, the same wrong idea gets a little stronger: bright spot, sugar, cause.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Some patients cut sugar as one part of a bigger change: less weight, less drinking, more vegetables. Their health often does improve. But the sugar cut gets all the credit, even though the whole bundle of changes did the work. Nobody posts a screenshot of a scan that looked exactly the same as before.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.etsy.com/shop/ThingsFromMyHeads?ref=shop_profile&amp;listing_id=4569563238&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Shop at our Etsy Shop&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etsy.com%2Fshop%2FThingsFromMyHeads%3Fref%3Dshop_profile%26amp%3Blisting_id%3D4569563238"><span>Shop at our Etsy Shop</span></a></p><h2>&#8220;I don&#8217;t eat gluten I feel great&#8221;</h2><p style="text-align: justify;">I have blamed a headache on wifi radiation. I have blamed a stomach ache on seed oil. I have blamed a bad mood on a full moon. None of these needed a doctor to diagnose. All of them felt completely true at the time.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Gluten sensitivity, in someone who doesn&#8217;t actually have celiac disease, is a case where confirmation bias stops being just an idea. Scientists can actually test it in a lab.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In 2011, a small study from Peter Gibson&#8217;s lab at Monash University found something interesting. People without celiac disease said they had more stomach trouble when they ate gluten. That one finding helped start the huge gluten-free industry we have today. Later, Gibson ran a better version of the same study. This time, he controlled for what people expected to eat, not just what they actually ate. The effect he&#8217;d found earlier mostly disappeared. A 2023 study went even further. Researchers tested expectation on its own. People who were told they were about to eat gluten felt a lot more symptoms than people who ate the exact same bread without being told, no matter what was actually in it. Somewhere between 1 and 13 percent of people now say they have gluten sensitivity. For the people living with it, the discomfort is real, and it can be very upsetting.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">What the trials really show is that the belief itself is doing the work. If someone believes gluten is their problem, they notice every little twinge after eating bread. But they forget the same twinge on a day they didn&#8217;t eat any bread at all. That&#8217;s confirmation bias, happening right inside someone&#8217;s own stomach. This is called the nocebo effect: a negative expectation creating a real physical symptom, all on its own. Once that happens, you don&#8217;t even need gluten in the food anymore. You only need to believe it&#8217;s there.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/my-brother-bought-a-new-car?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fmy-brother-bought-a-new-car%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><h2>The human brain is a wonder and also very unreliable</h2><p style="text-align: justify;">None of these three mistakes happened because someone was foolish.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Frequency illusion</strong> and <strong>confirmation bias</strong> are not glitches that only hit careless people.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Everyone has them</em>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">They&#8217;re built into your brain, the same way your brain lets you pick out a friend&#8217;s voice in a noisy room, or notice that one road is always jammed at five o&#8217;clock. Your brain can&#8217;t always tell the difference between a real pattern and a fake one it just made up. Either way, it feels exactly the same. It feels <em>true</em>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kGoe%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kGoe%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png" width="1363" height="704" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kGoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2229f22f-e59d-4200-85bb-e9af25803122_1363x704.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">This is the real reason we need the scientific method. It&#8217;s not because scientists are smarter or more honest than everyone else. It&#8217;s because no single brain, not even a scientist&#8217;s, can catch its own tricks just by trying hard. So science builds in checks instead.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>One check</strong> is called blinding: nobody in the study knows who is getting the real treatment. This stops expectation from creating fake symptoms. <strong>Another check</strong> is called randomising: people get put into groups by chance, not on purpose. This stops one group from being different from the other in some hidden way. <strong>Another check</strong> is repeating the study in a different lab. This catches results that only looked real because one scientist, in one particular year, happened to find what they already expected to find. <strong>The biggest check</strong> of all is looking at every single study on a topic, not just the ones that got shared the most online. That&#8217;s the best defence we have against mistaking a popular claim for a true one.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">This method is slow. It&#8217;s not exciting. It keeps changing its own mind, the same way Gibson changed his. That&#8217;s not a weakness. That&#8217;s the whole point. Good science doesn&#8217;t care how many times you&#8217;ve seen a claim, or how satisfying it feels to finally notice it.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">I still see Xpanders everywhere. My brother&#8217;s purchase didn&#8217;t put more of them on the road, and knowing exactly why I now see them hasn&#8217;t made me stop seeing them. I don&#8217;t know how many of the beliefs I hold about my own health got in through the same door, repetition standing in for a trial I never ran, and neither do you.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#8212; Auf Ali</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Aufthority is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Keruntuhan Adab, Darjat yang Disamaratakan, dan Autoriti yang Dinafikan]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bacaan semula falsafah pendidikan Syed Naquib al-Attas di tengah wabak penafian vaksin]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/keruntuhan-adab-darjat-yang-disamaratakan</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/keruntuhan-adab-darjat-yang-disamaratakan</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2026 04:26:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="5000" height="3570" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1743355694670-72fc18b5b664?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1M3x8dGVhY2hlciUyMHN0dWRlbnQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk4NzQwMzR8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40europeana">Europeana</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Cuba perhatikan bagaimana sesuatu berita tersebar hari ini. Mula-mula ia bersembang di meja teh tarik. Seseorang berkata, &#8220;aku dengar vaksin ni bahaya,&#8221; dan yang lain mengangguk, kerana dalam perbualan bersemuka, nada suara dan wajah yang ikhlas sering cukup untuk meyakinkan, walaupun tiada satu fakta pun disemak. Kemudian ia berpindah ke group WhatsApp: sekeping tangkapan skrin, sebuah &#8220;petua doktor&#8221; tanpa nama, dihantar dengan niat baik oleh seorang ibu yang risau, diteruskan pula oleh emak saudara, sehingga ia berlegar dalam ruang tamu dan bilik rehat pejabat.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Bila ditanya, &#8220;Dari mana kau dengar ni?&#8221;</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Dijawab, &#8220;Aku baca semalam dalam Threads&#8221;.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Zaman kini, platform media sosial, adalah ruang yang membimbangkan: sebuah video tiga puluh saat, tanpa nama sebenar, tanpa rujukan, boleh sampai kepada berjuta pasang mata dalam masa beberapa jam sahaja. Ini jauh lebih pantas berbanding mana-mana kajian saintifik yang mengambil bertahun-tahun untuk disiapkan dan disemak rakan pakar.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Tiga lapisan ini berbeza dari segi kelajuan, capaian, dan (yang paling penting) akauntabiliti. Sembang bersemuka terhad kepada mereka yang hadir; teks tersebar dalam kawanan yang masih berwajah dan bernama; tetapi media sosial menghakis kedua-duanya sekali. Kelajuan tanpa had, capaian tanpa sempadan, dan si penyebar yang selalunya tidak dikenali langsung. Ketahuilah, semakin jauh maklumat itu bergerak daripada wajah manusia yang menyampaikannya, semakin mudah ia terlepas daripada sebarang disiplin (akauntabiliti) yang sepatutnya mengiringi ilmu.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21K22r%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fecff1168-9ed2-4e1f-a42b-fdd017d2554e_1600x1182.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K22r!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecff1168-9ed2-4e1f-a42b-fdd017d2554e_1600x1182.jpeg 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K22r!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecff1168-9ed2-4e1f-a42b-fdd017d2554e_1600x1182.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K22r!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecff1168-9ed2-4e1f-a42b-fdd017d2554e_1600x1182.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K22r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecff1168-9ed2-4e1f-a42b-fdd017d2554e_1600x1182.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K22r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecff1168-9ed2-4e1f-a42b-fdd017d2554e_1600x1182.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Prof. Diraja Syed Naquib Al-Attas. Gambar ihsan <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalmuslimlife.substack.com%2Fp%2Fbe-legendary-like-syed-muhammad-naquib">Global Muslim Life</a>.</figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas (1931&#8211;2021 M) ialah seorang pemikir gergasi Nusantara yang memegang ijazah sarjana daripada McGill dan kedoktoran daripada London, malah pernah memegang Kerusi al-Ghazali yang disegani serta menjadi Profesor Universiti pertama dalam bidang Pemikiran dan Tamadun Islam. Buku nipis berjudul </span><em><span>The Concept of Education in Islam</span></em><span> merupakan medium yang saya pilih untuk mendalami asas pemikirannya. Sesuai dijadikan papan anjalan untuk memahami mengapa keruntuhan disiplin ilmu dalam masyarakat kini begitu membimbangkan.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Bagi al-Attas, pendidikan dalam Islam yang sebenar bukanlah </span><em><span>tarbiyah</span></em><span> tetapi </span><em><strong><span>ta&#8217;dib</span></strong></em><span>, penyemaian adab. Ilmu tidak wajar ditanggapi sebagai sekadar bekalan maklumat yang dikumpul sebanyak mungkin, sebaliknya ilmu mesti membawa seseorang mengenal tempat wajar sesuatu perkara dalam susunan kewujudan. Titik mula yang paling penting dalam kerangka ini ialah konsep </span><strong><span>Adab</span></strong><span> itu sendiri, yang beliau definisikan sebagai:</span></p><blockquote><p><em><span>&#8220;Tubuh manusia berpijak dalam dua dunia: akal dan roh; </span><strong><span>Adab</span></strong><span> adalah disiplin yang menjamin pengiktirafan dan pengakuan tempat wajar seseorang berhubung dengan kapasiti dan potensi fizikal, intelektual dan rohaninya.&#8221;</span></em></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Adab tidak boleh dipisahkan daripada dua rukunnya: </span><strong><span>pengiktirafan</span></strong><span>, iaitu keupayaan menyusun kelas ilmu; dan </span><strong><span>pengakuan</span></strong><span>, iaitu keupayaan menghidupkan pengiktirafan itu dalam kelakuan sebenar. &#8220;Pengiktirafan semata-mata tanpa pengakuan hanyalah keangkuhan,&#8221; tegas al-Attas, &#8220;Pengakuan semata-mata tanpa pengiktirafan hanyalah kejahilan.&#8221;</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kiL5%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kiL5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kiL5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kiL5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kiL5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kiL5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kiL5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0db1a516-2acb-485c-b4ea-9a3ce6c5344a_852x577.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Al-Attas turut berhujah bahawa ilmu dan kewujudan tersusun secara tertib. Dalam </span><em><span>mar&#257;tib</span></em><span> dan </span><em><span>daraj&#257;t</span></em><span> (tingkat dan darjat) dan adab bermaksud mengetahui tempat diri sendiri dalam tertib itu berdasarkan kapasiti sebenar seseorang (di dalam masyarakat).</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://s.shopee.com.my/70KGwnTaN6&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beli buku The Concept of Education&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fs.shopee.com.my%2F70KGwnTaN6"><span>Beli buku The Concept of Education</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XzHH%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XzHH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XzHH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XzHH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XzHH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XzHH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XzHH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40138665-eb29-4a2f-a51b-b4e274d5417b_793x557.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Dan ini membawa kita ke hentian terbesar dalam pengembaraan kerosakan adab zaman kini: </span><strong><span>penolakan autoriti</span></strong><span>. Seseorang yang enggan mengakui bahawa orang lain telah bersusah payah menguasai apa yang dia sendiri tidak sempat kuasai, menolak seluruh seni bina </span><em><span>mar&#257;tib</span></em><span> itu. Menurut al-Attas, penolakan sebegini &#8220;mengakibatkan penyamarataan semua kelas ilmu kepada satu tahap yang sama...&#8221; Ini bukan sekadar keangkuhan; ia adalah keruntuhan tertib ilmu yang menjadi tunjang kepada tamadun manusia.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Ideal tertinggi bagi al-Attas ialah </span><strong><span>Manusia Universal atau Manusia Sempurna</span></strong><span> (</span><em><span>al-insan al-kamil</span></em><span>) yang diwujudkan dalam diri Rasulullah &#1589;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1607; &#1593;&#1604;&#1610;&#1607; &#1608;&#1587;&#1604;&#1605; , di mana ilmu, amal dan adab bersatu padu tanpa keretakan. Bandingkan ini dengan potret penyebar maklumat palsu zaman kita: seorang yang memiliki </span><em><span>serpihan </span></em><span>maklumat tanpa hikmah, keyakinan tanpa disiplin, suara tanpa tanggungjawab.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21XoYX%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6f097a66-f5a9-483b-abc5-a5b09de7b461_853x593.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoYX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f097a66-f5a9-483b-abc5-a5b09de7b461_853x593.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoYX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f097a66-f5a9-483b-abc5-a5b09de7b461_853x593.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoYX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f097a66-f5a9-483b-abc5-a5b09de7b461_853x593.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoYX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f097a66-f5a9-483b-abc5-a5b09de7b461_853x593.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoYX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f097a66-f5a9-483b-abc5-a5b09de7b461_853x593.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Adapun, izinkan saya tegaskan mengapa semua ini bukan sekadar perbahasan falsafah yang hanya relevan di dewan-dewan megah di menara gading. Ketika al-Attas menulis &#8220;The Concept of Education in Islam&#8221; pada tahun 1980, kehilangan adab yang dimaksudkannya membawa kepada kemerosotan tamadun secara perlahan-lahan. Kosa kata yang dikeringkan maknanya, kepimpinan yang tidak layak yang mewarisi kekeliruan. Itu sudah cukup serius. Tetapi zaman kita menambah satu dimensi yang al-Attas sendiri tidak sempat saksikan: kehilangan adab kini boleh membunuh, secara literal, dalam masa yang singkat, dan pada skala yang besar.</span></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bukan Ubat yang Menjadikan Tabib (Doktor)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Galen, ibnu Sina, al-Razi, al-Ruhawi, semuanya beri amaran tentang tabib palsu, dukun (charlatan). Tapi zaman dahulu tiada ubat sintetik &#8212; kenapa mereka dilabel dukun?]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bukan-ubat-yang-menjadikan-tabib</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bukan-ubat-yang-menjadikan-tabib</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 05:56:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21qeJb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21qeJb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21qeJb%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg" width="800" height="519" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:519,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:210710,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/213098456?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qeJb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674f5086-1d0c-479c-a3bd-9e7fa8aff929_800x519.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tabib agung Greco-Roman, <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGalen">Galen </a>(129&#8211;216 SM) sedang berjalan di Rom sehingga sampai di satu kawasan dalam pasar yang sesak dengan orang ramai.</p><p>Di tengah-tengah orang ramai itu berdiri seorang lelaki, memberitahu penonton bahawa beliau pernah berguru dengan Galen sendiri, dan kini membawa ubat penawar cacing gigi. Lelaki ini membakar kemenyan di mulut pesakit, menyuruhnya menutup mata, lalu menyelitkan seekor cacing ke dalam mulut orang itu. Apabila dia menarik cacing itu keluar semula, orang ramai pun melemparkan wang kepadanya. Galen tampil ke hadapan, mendedahkan dirinya yang sebenar, memaki lelaki itu di hadapan khalayak, dan meminta pihak berkuasa menjatuhkan hukuman sebat.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.aufthority.com/shop/12weektrackerbasic/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Buy digital tracker RM19!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aufthority.com%2Fshop%2F12weektrackerbasic%2F"><span>Buy digital tracker RM19!</span></a></p><p>Kita tahu kisah ini kerana Galen sendiri yang menulisnya, dan kerana selama seribu tahun berikutnya, para tabib di seluruh dunia Islam terus memeliharanya. Bukan kerana helah itu bijak. Tetapi kerana ia memberikan satu formula. Seorang tabib palsu bukan sahaja orang yang menjual ubat yang salah. Dia juga adalah orang yang beroperasi di luar kanun ilmu, tidak diuji, tidak bertanggungjawab kepada sesiapa.</p><p>Dalam risalahnya yang lain, <em>On Examinations by Which the Best Physicians Are Recognized</em>, Galen memberikan satu ujian ringkas untuk orang awam mengenali tabib. Bukan dengan menguji ilmu perubatan seseorang itu, tetapi dengan memerhati ke mana masa mereka dihabiskan. Adakah seseorang itu menghabiskan masa membaca kitab dan merawat pesakit, atau sekadar melepak di ambang pintu golongan kaya, berpindah dari satu rumah ke satu rumah, menemani orang kaya dalam pelancongan mereka? Ketahuilah, kata Galen, orang seperti ini tidak perlu diuji langsung. Ilmu mereka tidak akan melebihi ilmu seorang tabib sebenar, mahupun penjaga pintu, atau kawan minum anda.</p><p>Perbezaan ini wajar direnungi, kerana ia hampir menyamai apa yang sedang diperdebatkan di Malaysia sekarang.</p><p>Pada Ogos 2026, KKM mengeluarkan amaran mengenai satu alat yang dijual sebagai &#8220;hydrogen inhaler,&#8221; yang didakwa mampu merawat penyakit jantung, kencing manis, dan darah tinggi. Bantahan Kementerian itu spesifik:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>alat tersebut tidak berdaftar dengan Pihak Berkuasa Peranti Perubatan di bawah Akta 737, dan menjual peranti perubatan yang tidak berdaftar adalah satu kesalahan.</p></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%2193yB%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%2193yB%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!93yB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e505a19-585b-4745-8625-1c67da8c3d74_514x389.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Reaksi awam terbahagi dua. Sebahagian menyokong amaran itu sepenuhnya. Sebahagian lagi melihatnya sebagai sekatan institusi, satu lagi kes yang mana golongan perubatan arus perdana (elit) enggan memberi ruang kepada pendapat lain. &#8220;Jumud!&#8221; selar mereka. Maka kes ini kelihatan seperti, ubat semula jadi (alami) vs. ubat farmaseutikal.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Fahaman ini sebenarnya jauh tersasar dari paksi sebenar, dan benih kebenarannya dapat diperhatikan di Baghdad pada abad ketiga belas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21HT51%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21HT51%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png" width="786" height="316" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HT51!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfddc483-3680-4c7b-a95d-2ee4d3325fca_786x316.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Screenshot from a published journal articles on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Farticles%2FPMC10707987%2F">molecular hydrogen therapy</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Terapi molekul hidrogen bukanlah sesuatu yang mengarut. Ia mempunyai mekanisme sebenar yang sedang giat dikaji: ia dipercayai bertindak sebagai <em>selective scavenger</em> (peneutral terpilih) bagi spesies oksigen reaktif (OR), dengan kesan isyarat anti-radang dan antioksidatif. Satu kajian sistematik pada 2023 mencatatkan 81 percubaan klinikal berdaftar dan 64 kajian manusia yang diterbitkan, meliputi penyakit kardiovaskular, keadaan pernafasan, dan kanser, dengan beberapa isyarat positif yang nyata. Satu kajian sistematik lain yang berasingan mengenai kajian-kajian kanser mencapai kesimpulan yang serupa. Ini adalah bidang baru dengan data-data awal yang menjanjikan progress yang jauh, bukan sesuatu yang palsu. Tetapi ia &#8220;belum lagi distandardkan sebagai rawatan&#8221;. Satu ayat yang kurang memuaskan hati sesetengah orang.</p><p>Justeru itu, jika bahannya bukan masalah, apakah sebenarnya yang dibantah oleh KKM? Bukan kimianya. Bukan mekanismenya. Hal yang sebenarnya adalah berkenaan kepentingan prosedur. Ini adalah konsep yang sebati dengan semua bidang ilmu &#8212; tertib.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21S6nQ%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21S6nQ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg" width="1020" height="780" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S6nQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84451fc9-ff35-4807-bf7f-0b38620cb6c8_1020x780.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Para tabib Arab abad kesembilan dan kesepuluh seperti al-Razi dan al-Ruhawi menulis keseluruhan risalah membezakan tabib sejati daripada <em>dukun</em>, dan tiada seorang pun daripada mereka yang mengatakan bahan yang digunakan dalam ubat adalah sempadan yang membezakan kedua-dua entiti ini. Semua orang, tabib diraja mahupun penjaja pasar, menggunakan sebatian daripada tumbuhan, mineral, dan bahan haiwan. <strong>Tiada langsung fahaman ubat-farmaseutikal-lawan-ubat-herba pada ketika itu</strong>.</p><p>Garis yang dilukiskan oleh para tabib ini sebaliknya adalah mengenai latihan, ujian, dan pengawasan.</p><ul><li><p>Al-Ruhawi mengeluh bahawa ada <em>dukun-dukun</em> yang berpakaian dan bertutur seperti tabib sebenar tanpa menguasai kanun ilmu.</p></li><li><p>Al-Razi mendesak khalifah supaya menguji pengamal perubatan sebelum membenarkan mereka bertugas dan berniaga.</p></li><li><p>Al-Saizari menulis satu manual lengkap untuk pemeriksa pasar, <em>muhtasib </em>(inspektor pasar), yang menetapkan dengan terperinci teks-teks Galenik mana yang wajib dikuasai oleh seorang tabib, doktor mata, atau pakar tulang sebelum dibenarkan berurusan secara sah di pasar.</p></li></ul><p>Tiada satu pun daripada pengawasan ini berkaitan bahan ubat. Ia mengenai sama ada sesuatu dakwaan telah melalui proses yang dipersetujui oleh badan berkuasa sebagai entiti berilmu yang boleh dipercayai sebelum ia didedahkan kepada masyarakat.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21evMt%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe2c3ecaa-a2cf-49f7-a017-cf745ece6576_685x422.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!evMt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2c3ecaa-a2cf-49f7-a017-cf745ece6576_685x422.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!evMt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2c3ecaa-a2cf-49f7-a017-cf745ece6576_685x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!evMt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2c3ecaa-a2cf-49f7-a017-cf745ece6576_685x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!evMt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2c3ecaa-a2cf-49f7-a017-cf745ece6576_685x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!evMt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2c3ecaa-a2cf-49f7-a017-cf745ece6576_685x422.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-89274-5_9">Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence</a> by Springer</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://https://buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Support Aufthority&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fbuymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Support Aufthority</span></a></p><p>Berbalik kepada Baghdad dan Kaherah, tabib elit turut mendedahkan bagaimana persembahan sering menggantikan ilmu sebenar di pasar. Ali ibn Ridwan, tabib abad kesebelas di Kaherah, meluahkan kekesalannya bahawa pasaran perubatan dipenuhi pesaing yang menangi hati pelanggan melalui teater, bukan ilmu. Salah seorang pengamal paling terkenal di Kaherah ketika itu, kononnya, membina reputasinya semata-mata dengan menunggang atas pelana mewah dan enggan memandang pesakit sehingga beliau secara dramatik menarik keluar astrolab daripada lengan bajunya untuk &#8220;berunding dengan bintang&#8221;. Ini adalah satu helah yang mengelirukan orang ramai sambil menyembunyikan kejahilannya yang menyeluruh tentang perubatan.</p><p>Logik prosedur yang sama ini kerap muncul dalam zaman yang berbeza. Di Itali pada abad kelapan belas, penguasa bandar-bandar tidak mengharamkan ubat yang belum terbukti. Mereka melesenkannya. <em>Ciarlatani</em> menyerahkan dagangan mereka kepada tribunal <em>protomedicato</em>, membayar yuran, dan teruskan berniaga dengan demonstrasi secara sah di dataran bandar. Ini digelar &#8220;dukun berlesen&#8221;. Ia adalah satu kategori urusniaga yang sah tetapi adakah ia beretika?</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Become a paid subscriber!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Sejarah kawal selia Malaysia sekarang beroperasi dengan serupa. Akta Perubatan Tradisional dan Komplementari 2016 tidak mengecualikan perubatan tradisional daripada sistem kesihatan negara. Ia membina satu laluan kawal selia selari selama dua puluh tahun, mendaftarkan secara rasmi pengamal perubatan tradisional Melayu, Cina, dan India, homeopati, <em>chiropractic</em>, dan osteopati di bawah Majlis tadbiran mereka sendiri, dengan Kementerian Kesihatan sendiri menyatakan secara eksplisit bahawa ia menggalakkan amalan berasaskan bukti di dalam laluan itu juga. Perubatan tradisional di Malaysia bukanlah tidak dikawal selia. Ia dikawal selia atas paksi yang berbeza daripada akta perubatan Kelas IIb. Dan inilah yang menjadikan kes <em>hydrogen inhaler</em> ini sebagai kegagalan pendaftaran peranti yang diterima sebagai rawatan klinikal.</p><p>Maka yang tinggal sekarang ialah soalan sebenar tentang bagaimana kita faham sesuatu alat atau ramuan itu boleh dijadikan rawatan atau tidak. Di manakah ilmu dan kuasa untuk mengawal keselamatan dan kualiti diletakkan? Apa yang sama sejak dari zaman Galen lagi ialah kepentingan tertib ilmu dalam amalan sesuatu bidang itu. Ini adalah jawapan kepada soalan-soalan yang telah dilontarkan sejak lama dulu &#8212; di Baghdad, di Rom, di Washington, mahupun di Putrajaya.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bukan-ubat-yang-menjadikan-tabib?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fbukan-ubat-yang-menjadikan-tabib%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Rujukan</strong></h2><p><em>Sumber sejarah perubatan</em></p><p>Pormann, P. E. (2005). The Physician and the Other: Images of the Charlatan in Medieval Islam. <em>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</em>, 79(2), 189&#8211;227.</p><p>Gentilcore, D. (2006). The &#8216;Golden Age of Quackery&#8217; or &#8216;Medical Enlightenment&#8217;? Licensed Charlatanism in Eighteenth-Century Italy. <em>Cultural and Social History</em>, 3(3).</p><p>Iskandar, A. Z., ed. (1988). <em>Galen: On Examinations by Which the Best Physicians Are Recognized</em>. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum, Supplementum Orientale IV. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.</p><p>Ibn Ridwan, A. (c. 1047). <em>On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt</em>. Translated by Michael W. Dols, Arabic text by Adil S. Gamal (1984). Berkeley: University of California Press. &#8212; <em>(anekdot spesifik dalam draf ini belum disahkan terhadap terjemahan ini; sila semak sebelum diterbitkan)</em></p><p><em>Sumber sains dan perubatan klinikal</em></p><p>Johnsen, H. M., Hiorth, M., &amp; Klaveness, J. (2023). Molecular Hydrogen Therapy&#8212;A Review on Clinical Studies and Outcomes. <em>Molecules</em>, 28(23), 7785.</p><p>Mohd Noor, M. N. Z., et al. (2023). A Systematic Review of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Cancer Management. <em>Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention</em>, 24(1), 37&#8211;47.</p><p><em>Sumber dasar dan kawal selia</em></p><p>Park, J.-E., Yi, J., &amp; Kwon, O. (2022). Twenty years of traditional and complementary medicine regulation and its impact in Malaysia: achievements and policy lessons. <em>BMC Health Services Research</em>, 22, 102.</p><p>Pindaan Kefauver-Harris (1962) dan krisis talidomida: arkib sejarah U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Clinical Therapeutics (2025).</p><p>Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM), kenyataan awam mengenai alat &#8220;penyedut hidrogen&#8221; yang tidak berdaftar, Ogos 2026.</p><p>Akta Perubatan Tradisional dan Komplementari 2016 (Akta 775), Malaysia.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Malacca Had Soy Sauce Before America Had a Soybean]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why the food is (almost always) not the problem but how we consume them]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/malacca-had-soy-sauce-before-america</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/malacca-had-soy-sauce-before-america</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aB5E%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aB5E%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aB5E%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png" width="765" height="521" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:521,&quot;width&quot;:765,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:852868,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209779677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aB5E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2285ca36-8f2d-48f2-9d64-0a7058866bb2_765x521.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">A contemporary illustration, dated c. 1630, the &#8216;Fortaleza de Malaca&#8217; appears in Manuel de Faria e Sousa&#8217;s Asia Portuguesa (Faria e Sousa c. 1674).</figcaption></figure></div><p>In June 1676, a Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) ledger recorded provisions bound for the governor&#8217;s household in Malacca. Among the items: two kegs of soy sauce, alongside miso and pickled plums, standard fare for a VOC official&#8217;s table, the kind of thing you order because it is the ordinary.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21PvIE%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21PvIE%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png" width="589" height="392" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:392,&quot;width&quot;:589,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:536438,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209779677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PvIE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81ce7a0d-c12b-4f6b-bfd0-ff23f70d06d9_589x392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A Dutch governor in Malacca, had a serving of soy sauce with his dinner, in 1676.</p><p>Now hold that date next to this one: 1765. That is the year soybeans first arrive in the American colonies, brought by a seaman named Samuel Bowen and initially recorded not as food but as a botanical curiosity, filed under the name &#8220;Chinese vetches.&#8221; The word &#8220;soybean&#8221; doesn&#8217;t appear in American print until 1804, when Dr. James Mease used it in his own writing. For most of the century after that, the plant is grown almost entirely as cattle forage: not something a person eats, something a cow eats, so that a person can eat the cow.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/malacca-had-soy-sauce-before-america?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fmalacca-had-soy-sauce-before-america%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>So when someone tells you soy is a modern invention of the Western food industry, the first thing worth doing is not arguing with them.</p><blockquote><p>A Malaccan governor was already treating soy sauce as unremarkable pantry stock <strong>a hundred and nine years</strong> before an American colonist had even heard the word &#8220;vetches,&#8221; and roughly two hundred and forty years before anyone in the United States thought to grow the plant with the intention of putting it directly on a plate.</p></blockquote><h2>The bean had already been to more ports than most people</h2><p>The 1676 ledger is a symptom of infrastructure: a trade network that had been moving fermented soy through the Nusantara for centuries before any European ship anchored at Malacca at all.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21keiA%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21keiA%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png" width="696" height="521" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:521,&quot;width&quot;:696,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:193100,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209779677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!keiA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c2ea3d7-3a48-425f-990e-8562644219b0_696x521.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Map of Southeast Asia from History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Southeast Asia, 2010</figcaption></figure></div><p>Follow the word itself. Kicap, the Malay term for soy sauce, descends from <em>k&#234;-chiap</em>, a term used by Hokkien-speaking traders out of southern China for a salted, fermented sauce (originally a fish brine, later broadened as it moved through the archipelago). Fujianese traders carried it into the ports of the Malay world, where it settled as <em>kicap</em> or <em>kecap</em>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><div class="image-link image2" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ksFR%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png" width="317" height="89" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:89,&quot;width&quot;:317,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:9932,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209779677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ksFR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5665efd9-b5cc-4e94-9286-462b7a81a6e1_317x89.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></div></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>British merchants picked it up in the ports of maritime Southeast Asia, mangled the pronunciation, and carried it home as &#8220;catchup,&#8221; first appearing in an English dictionary in 1690. The condiment now considered quintessentially American, the one that comes in a squeeze bottle at every diner, carries a name descended from a Chinese-Malay trade good that predates the United States by well over a century.</p><p>The soy sauce came first. The tomato came later and borrowed the name.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><div class="image-link image2" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21vjD2%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png" width="646" height="216" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:216,&quot;width&quot;:646,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:60045,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209779677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjD2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8e88dd-1a67-468c-b9ef-c973869f0866_646x216.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></div><figcaption class="image-caption">Map of Java, Madura and Bali from History of Soy and Soyfoods in Southeast Asia, 2010</figcaption></figure></div><p>Move east to Java, and the picture gets deeper, not shallower. Tempe, soybeans bound by <em>Rhizopus</em> mold into a firm, sliceable cake, gets its earliest written mention in the Serat Centhini, a Javanese manuscript compiled around 1815. But the manuscript is set in the reign of Sultan Agung, 1613 to 1645, and its details are understood to reflect the food culture of that earlier period, which means tempe likely existed in Java in the early 1600s, and quite possibly earlier still.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21zOsJ%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21zOsJ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOsJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F015efa48-6e6c-4b0d-b14d-f9edb5434a0f_318x356.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Georg Eberhard Rumphius (1627-1702)</figcaption></figure></div><p>The Dutch botanist Rumphius separately documents soybeans in active use for food and fertiliser in Java by 1747. Move west into the Sundanese-Chinese contact zones of West Java and you get tauco, fermented soybean paste, born out of generations of Hokkien and Teochew communities settling into Java and marrying their techniques to local taste.</p><p>Move into the <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.babanyonyamuseum.com%2Fperanakans%2F">Peranakan</a> kitchens of the Straits and taucu turns up in ayam pongteh, doing the same quiet umami work it&#8217;s done for generations. Tauhu, tofu, arrives through the same migration and trade patterns, its spread across the archipelago tracked to Chinese contact going back roughly a thousand years.</p><p>None of this is a single import event. It&#8217;s a few hundred years of a bean moving through ports, kitchens, and language, absorbed so completely into what people already ate that nobody thought to write down the moment it arrived, because there wasn&#8217;t one moment. There were centuries.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Support without subscribing&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Support without subscribing</span></a></p><h2>What&#8217;s actually true in the &#8220;modern invention&#8221; claim</h2><p>The soybean <em>industry</em>, the crushing plants, the commodity monoculture, the infrastructure that turns a field of soybeans into barrels of oil and tons of meal, really is a 20th-century American invention, and mostly a wartime one. Soybean acreage in the United States barely registers through most of the 19th and early 20th centuries; for generations the plant is a forage crop, not a cash crop.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21e3eo%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21e3eo%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png" width="395" height="324" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:324,&quot;width&quot;:395,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:147065,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209779677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3eo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F326bc91c-8ee5-4909-ab3a-0007386c0e18_395x324.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1922 - A farmer seated on a weeder, pulled by two horses, through a field of young soybeans. Image by soyinfocenter.com</figcaption></figure></div><p>That changes fast once World War II disrupts global trade in edible fats and oils. Between 1940 and 1945, American soybean farmers build the great majority of their cooperative crushing plants, in Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin: nineteen of the twenty-one cooperative plants built in the entire 1940s go up in those five wartime years alone, almost all of it justified by wartime necessity, meal for livestock feed, oil for a country that can no longer import what it used to.</p><p>By the 1940s, soybean acreage harvested for seed finally overtakes acreage grown for forage, for the first time in American history. The soybean stops being cattle feed grown incidentally and becomes commodity, deliberately.</p><p>That&#8217;s real. That&#8217;s dated. That&#8217;s American. There&#8217;s no denying this.</p><p>But it is an invention of an <em>industry</em>, not an invention of a <em>food</em>. What was invented in 1940s Iowa was a system for extracting oil and meal at scale from an agricultural commodity. What existed in Malacca in 1676, and in Java a century before that, was a fermented food eaten because it tasted right and kept well: a different object entirely, made from the same bean.</p><blockquote><p>The conflation between these two things, soy-the-commodity and soy-the-food, is where the &#8220;modern Western invention&#8221; claim quietly does its work. It borrows the food&#8217;s antiquity and hangs the industry&#8217;s genuinely recent birth certificate on it instead.</p></blockquote><h2>Where the fear came from</h2><p>There&#8217;s a second history worth tracing here, because it explains why so many people believe the &#8220;modern invention&#8221; claim in the first place, and it turns out to be even newer than the industry it&#8217;s supposedly warning you about.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ndpW%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ndpW%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png" width="818" height="327" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ndpW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8647098-d779-4935-9c15-b3a48c958153_818x327.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Screenshot of Weston A. Price website.</figcaption></figure></div><p>The Weston A. Price Foundation is founded in 1999, built around disseminating the research of Weston Price on isolated, &#8220;non-industrialised&#8221; populations, and it uses that framework to campaign against soy&#8217;s place in the modern American diet, filing formal objections when the FDA approves a soy protein health claim that same year. Central to the Foundation&#8217;s case is a 1985 USDA study on rats fed diets high in soy protease inhibitors, which found pancreatic changes in the animals.</p><blockquote><p>The problem, as toxicologists would later point out, is that rats are unusually and specifically sensitive to that particular mechanism in ways humans are not, and the large-scale human epidemiological data available at the time, including populations with genuinely high lifelong soy intake, showed no comparable pattern.</p><p>Case in point, <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdceg.cancer.gov%2Fresearch%2Fwho-we-study%2Fcohorts%2Fshanghai-prospective-study-women-china">The Shanghai Women&#8217;s Health Study.</a></p></blockquote><p>The claim generalised from rodent to human anyway, and it stuck.</p><p>Worth noting too: even the Foundation&#8217;s own literature carves out an exception for the fermented forms, tempeh, miso, natto, shoyu, tamari, as comparatively safe, since fermentation breaks down most of the compounds it objects to. The alarm was never really about tauhu and kicap. It got applied to them anyway.</p><p>So the irony is: the idea that soy is a dangerous, modern, industrially engineered food is itself a fairly recent, distinctly American idea, a health-food campaign built at the end of the twentieth century, resting on a single misapplied rat study, roughly three centuries after a Dutch governor in Malacca ordered his soy sauce without a second thought.</p><p>So considering all this history, maybe it is a good question to ask, maybe the real villain is not the food itself but how we make and consume it?</p><div><hr></div><h3>Sources</h3><ul><li><p>Shurtleff, W. &amp; Aoyagi, A. (2010). <em>History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Southeast Asia (13th Century to 2010).</em> SoyInfo Center. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fbooks%2F139">soyinfocenter.com/books/139</a></p></li><li><p>Shurtleff, W. &amp; Aoyagi, A. (2022). <em>History of Tempeh and Tempeh Products (1815-2022).</em> SoyInfo Center. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fbooks%2F223">soyinfocenter.com/books/223</a></p></li><li><p>Shurtleff, W. &amp; Aoyagi, A. (2021). <em>Early History of Soybeans and Soyfoods Worldwide (1024 BCE to 1899).</em> SoyInfo Center. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fbooks%2F243">soyinfocenter.com/books/243</a></p></li><li><p>Shurtleff, W. &amp; Aoyagi, A. (2021). <em>History of Cooperative Soybean Processing in the United States (1923-2021).</em> SoyInfo Center. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fbooks%2F269">soyinfocenter.com/books/269</a></p></li><li><p>SoyInfo Center. <em>History of Soybean Crushing: Soy Oil and Soybean Meal, Part 1.</em> <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2FHSS%2Fsoybean_crushing1.php">soyinfocenter.com/HSS/soybean_crushing1.php</a></p></li><li><p>Romulo, A. &amp; Surya, R. (2021). &#8220;Tempe: A traditional fermented food of Indonesia and its health benefits.&#8221; <em>International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science</em>, 26. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1878450X21001128">sciencedirect.com</a></p></li><li><p>CropWatch, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. &#8220;History of Soybean Management.&#8221; <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcropwatch.unl.edu%2Fsoybean-management%2Fhistory-soybean-management%2F">cropwatch.unl.edu</a></p></li><li><p>Little, B. (2012). &#8220;Ketchup&#8217;s Chinese Origins: How It Evolved from Fish Sauce to Today&#8217;s Tomato Condiment.&#8221; <em>Slate.</em> <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fhuman-interest%2F2012%2F05%2Fketchups-chinese-origins-how-it-evolved-from-fish-sauce-to-todays-tomato-condiment.html">slate.com</a></p></li><li><p>SAYS.com (2018). &#8220;Did You Know: The Word &#8216;Ketchup&#8217; Is Borrowed From Hokkien And Malay Words.&#8221; <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Flifestyle%2Fdid-you-know-the-word-ketchup-is-derived-from-hokkien-malay-words">says.com</a></p></li><li><p>Weston A. Price Foundation. &#8220;Studies Showing Adverse Effects of Dietary Soy, 1939-2014.&#8221; <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westonaprice.org%2Fhealth-topics%2Fsoy-alert%2Fstudies-showing-adverse-effects-of-dietary-soy-1939-2008%2F">westonaprice.org</a></p></li><li><p>Weston A. Price Foundation. &#8220;Tragedy and Hype: Third International Soy Symposium.&#8221; <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westonaprice.org%2Fhealth-topics%2Ftragedy-and-hype-third-international-soy-symposium%2F">westonaprice.org</a></p></li><li><p>UK Committee on Toxicity, Working Group on Phytoestrogens. Submission from the Weston A. Price Foundation, received 04/07/00. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcot.food.gov.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcot%2Fpeg-01-2.pdf">cot.food.gov.uk</a></p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[6 Panduan Terkini Nak Bina Gaya Hidup Sihat]]></title><description><![CDATA[Berdasarkan meta-analisis dan systematic review terkini]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/6-panduan-terkini-nak-bina-gaya-hidup</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/6-panduan-terkini-nak-bina-gaya-hidup</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 10:50:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21F7Sa%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F7Sa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F7Sa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21F7Sa%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg" width="1080" height="565" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F7Sa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F7Sa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F7Sa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F7Sa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F037043d4-c37b-444e-9e4d-36b0576f43b0_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40europeana">Europeana</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Maklumat tentang cara hidup sihat terlalu banyak sekarang dan kebanyakannya kelihatan bercanggah antara satu sama lain. Satu sumber mengatakan lemak tepu punca utama penyakit jantung; sumber lain mengatakan sebaliknya. Seorang influencer menggesa kumpul 10,000 langkah sehari sebagai sasaran mutlak; tapi ada kajian yang tunjukkan manfaat sudah bermula jauh lebih awal sebelum itu. Dalam lambakan maklumat macam ni, apa yang kita perlukan bukanlah lagi banyak maklumat tapi untuk menapis panduan-panduan hidup sihat ni mengikut keutamaan (priority) yang disokong bukti kajian.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Support Aufthority!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Support Aufthority!</span></a></p><p>Senarai ini menyusun satu panduan ringkas, berdasarkan <em>umbrella review</em> (kajian ulasan ke atas pelbagai meta-analisis) dan meta-analisis terkini yang diterbitkan dalam peer-reviewed journals, enam perkara yang paling konsisten dikaitkan dengan penurunan risiko mortaliti dan penyakit tidak berjangkit merentasi bidang neurosains, <em>physical therapy</em> dan <em>rehab</em>, kardiovaskular, obesiti, dan epidemiologi.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Join 380 paid subscribers dan dapatkan manfaat eksklusif!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ivTz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcca7e573-a5de-470b-a0cb-d7fd1caa3f68_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ivTz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcca7e573-a5de-470b-a0cb-d7fd1caa3f68_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ivTz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcca7e573-a5de-470b-a0cb-d7fd1caa3f68_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ivTz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcca7e573-a5de-470b-a0cb-d7fd1caa3f68_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Enam perkara ini bukan senarai lengkap tentang cara hidup sihat. Ia asas yang perlu dikukuhkan. Kebanyakan maklumat kesihatan yang diviralkan hari ini cuba menjual penyelesaian yang canggih sebelum asas ni dibina.</p><h2>1. Gerakkan badan dan jangan terlalu risau tentang bentuk gerakan</h2><p>Kajian ulasan (umbrella review) oleh Lang dan rakan-rakan, diterbitkan dalam <em>British Journal of Sports Medicine</em> pada 2024, menyemak 199 kajian kohort merangkumi lebih 20.9 juta pemerhatian, dan mendapati kecergasan kardiorespiratori (cardiorespiratory fitness) adalah salah satu peramal paling konsisten bagi morbiditi dan mortaliti dalam kalangan orang dewasa lebih konsisten berbanding kebanyakan faktor risiko lain yang lazim diukur secara klinikal.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21EvW3%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21EvW3%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2180977,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209758401?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EvW3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff23e2993-eb09-4c51-95b0-3d0c6ee8c01c_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p>Aktiviti fizikal tidak perlu bermula dengan <em>gym</em>. Kajian <em>review</em> langkah harian (2024, disiarkan dalam <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em>) mendapati ambang perlindungan bermula seawal 3,143 langkah sehari, dengan pengurangan risiko kematian berterusan sehingga melepasi 12,500 langkah sehari.</p></blockquote><p>Mekanismenya berbentuk dos-tindak balas (dose-response). Lebih banyak bergerak, lebih rendah risiko.</p><h2>2. Angkat sesuatu yang berat, dua kali seminggu</h2><p>Latihan rintangan (resistance training) sering dianggap tambahan kepada senaman kardio, sedangkan bukti menunjukkan ia mekanisme berasingan. Shailendra dan rakan-rakan, dalam <em>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</em> (2022), mendapati latihan rintangan berkait dengan pengurangan risiko kematian pramatang dan kajian ulasan lanjutan dalam <em>Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle</em> (2025) mengesahkan latihan rintangan mempunyai kaitan tersendiri dengan penurunan mortaliti kardiovaskular, berasingan daripada kesan aktiviti fizikal am.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://toyyibpay.com/MyHealth-Dashboard-Aufthority&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beli Tracker Kesihatan Google Sheet Sini&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoyyibpay.com%2FMyHealth-Dashboard-Aufthority"><span>Beli Tracker Kesihatan Google Sheet Sini</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21i5Ed%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21i5Ed%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2476676,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209758401?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i5Ed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe049c587-6966-4224-8550-c711c58da913_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dos yang diperlukan tidak besar:</p><blockquote><p>Kajian dalam <em>International Journal of Epidemiology</em> (2024) mendapati hubungan berbentuk-U antara jumlah latihan rintangan dan risiko mortaliti. Ini bermaksud, pengurangan risiko terbesar (33%) diperhatikan pada sekitar 60 minit seminggu sahaja, dengan jumlah lebih besar memberi manfaat tambahan yang kecil sahaja.</p></blockquote><p>Ini penting kerana ia membetulkan andaian popular bahawa &#8220;lebih banyak sentiasa lebih baik&#8221;. Jelas, bukti dari kajian terkini tidak menyokong andaian itu.</p><h2>3. Jaga tidur pada sekitar tujuh jam. Tak kurang, tak lebih</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21qzGc%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21qzGc%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2656100,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209758401?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qzGc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0290bc1c-29ec-4dc2-95bc-eb1eeb19da63_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hubungan antara tempoh tidur dan mortaliti berbentuk-U juga, bukan linear. Meta-analisis terkini dalam <em>GeroScience</em> (2025), merangkumi 79 kajian kohort, mendapati tidur pendek (kurang dari tujuh jam semalam) berkait dengan peningkatan 14% risiko mortaliti berbanding kumpulan rujukan (tujuh hingga lapan jam), manakala tidur yang tidak seimbang &#8212; sama ada terlalu pendek atau terlalu panjang &#8212; berkait dengan peningkatan risiko antara 14% hingga 34%.</p><blockquote><p>Ini mengesahkan penemuan lebih awal dalam <em>Journal of the American Heart Association</em> (2017) yang turut mendapati bentuk-U yang serupa, dengan risiko paling rendah di sekitar tujuh jam sehari. Mekanismenya bukan sekadar &#8220;kurang rehat&#8221; &#8212; tidur berlebihan turut dikaitkan dengan keradangan sistemik dan penyakit yang tidak dikesan lagi, jadi hubungan itu mungkin dua hala.</p></blockquote><h2>4. Sisihkan makanan ultra-proses, bukan mana-mana nutrien tunggal</h2><p>Lane dan rakan-rakan, dalam kajian ulasan payung (umbrella review) yang diterbitkan dalam <em>BMJ</em> (2024), menyemak bukti epidemiologi merentasi pelbagai meta-analisis dan mendapati pendedahan kepada makanan ultra-proses (ultra-processed food, ditakrifkan menurut sistem klasifikasi NOVA) berkait dengan pelbagai hasil kesihatan buruk.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21UZNy%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZNy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08020e24-04cf-468d-af06-521c0e7301ed_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kajian ulasan lain oleh Barbaresko dan rakan-rakan (2024/2025), menggunakan kaedah penarafan GRADE, mendapati bukti bertahap sederhana (moderate certainty) bagi kaitan antara pengambilan makanan ultra-proses dan mortaliti keseluruhan, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan diabetes jenis 2, dengan hubungan dos-tindak balas yang jelas bagi setiap 50 gram tambahan sehari.</p><blockquote><p>Bukti ini tentang <em>tahap pemprosesan</em>, bukan tentang mana-mana nutrien tunggal (gula, lemak, karbohidrat) sebagai punca tunggal. Ini mengelakkan kesilapan biasa dalam wacana pemakanan popular yang gemar mencari satu &#8220;penjahat&#8221; pemakanan.</p></blockquote><p>Mekanismenya lebih berkait dengan ketumpatan tenaga, struktur makanan, dan corak pengambilan makanan secara keseluruhan.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/6-panduan-terkini-nak-bina-gaya-hidup?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2F6-panduan-terkini-nak-bina-gaya-hidup%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><h2>5. Bina kecergasan kardiorespiratori sebagai pelaburan jangka panjang</h2><p>Ini macam bercanggah dengan <em>item </em>pertama tetapi patut diasingkan kerana ia mengukur perkara berbeza: bukan berapa banyak bergerak, tetapi berapa cekap jantung dan paru-paru berfungsi semasa bergerak.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Bm6j%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F68763a82-3b42-428c-9acf-137232c54371_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bm6j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68763a82-3b42-428c-9acf-137232c54371_1920x1080.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bm6j!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68763a82-3b42-428c-9acf-137232c54371_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bm6j!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68763a82-3b42-428c-9acf-137232c54371_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bm6j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68763a82-3b42-428c-9acf-137232c54371_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bm6j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68763a82-3b42-428c-9acf-137232c54371_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p>Kajian ulasan Lang dan rakan-rakan (2024) yang sama mendapati kecergasan kardiorespiratori (cardiorespiratory fitness, sering diukur melalui MET atau anggaran VO2max) kekal sebagai peramal konsisten merentasi umur, jantina, dan status kesihatan sedia ada. Dan tiada siling manfaat yang dikesan; peningkatan kecergasan terus dikaitkan dengan pengurangan risiko walaupun pada tahap kecergasan yang sudah tinggi.</p></blockquote><p>Mekanismenya mudah difahami secara intuitif tetapi jarang diamalkan: kecergasan kardiorespiratori terbina secara beransur-ansur melalui aktiviti aerobik konsisten (bukan sekali-sekala), dan ia lebih menyerupai simpanan bank berbanding pencapaian sekali sahaja.</p><h2>6. Jangan biarkan hubungan sosial menyusut</h2><p>Wang dan rakan-rakan, dalam <em>Nature Human Behaviour</em> (2023), menganalisis 90 kajian kohort merangkumi 2.2 juta peserta dan mendapati pengasingan sosial (social isolation) berkait dengan peningkatan 32% risiko mortaliti keseluruhan, manakala kesunyian (loneliness) berkait dengan peningkatan 14%. Kajian meta-analisis lanjutan, &#8220;Echoes of Solitude&#8221; (2025), turut mengasingkan tiga faktor: kesunyian, pengasingan sosial, dan tinggal bersendirian, sebagai tiga peramal berasingan.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21u2Mb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u2Mb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2503533,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209758401?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u2Mb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u2Mb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u2Mb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u2Mb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8c0decc-06b3-41d1-8c4a-906ecf78a2b0_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p>Ini penting kerana pengasingan sosial dan kesunyian bukan perkara yang sama. Seseorang boleh mempunyai ramai kenalan tetapi tetap berasa sunyi; seseorang lain boleh hidup bersendirian tetapi tidak berasa terasing.</p><p>Kedua-dua mekanisme itu berkait dengan mortaliti secara berasingan, jadi campur tangan yang berkesan bagi seorang mungkin tidak berkesan bagi yang lain.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>Bonus: Kesan gabungan. Kenapa kita tak boleh memilih satu saja</h2><p>Satu kajian yang dibentangkan di Nutrition 2023 (persidangan tahunan American Society for Nutrition), menggunakan data 719,147 peserta dalam Million Veteran Program (Jabatan Hal Ehwal Veteran, Amerika Syarikat), mendapati lelaki yang mengamalkan kesemua lapan tabiat sihat (termasuk aktiviti fizikal, tidur berkualiti, tiada penyalahgunaan bahan, dan hubungan sosial positif) pada usia 40 tahun dijangka hidup secara purata 24 tahun lebih lama berbanding lelaki tanpa mana-mana tabiat tersebut; bagi wanita, jangkaan tambahan itu adalah 21 tahun.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><div class="image-link image2" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ToXQ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:null,&quot;width&quot;:null,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:2264397,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/209758401?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ToXQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f958e0e-3255-463f-a3ab-ae37a5c37b50_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></div></figure></div><blockquote><p>Ini disokong oleh meta-analisis lebih awal dalam <em>Preventive Medicine</em> (Loef &amp; Walach, 2012) yang mendapati gabungan sekurang-kurangnya empat tabiat sihat berkait dengan pengurangan risiko mortaliti sebanyak 66% berbanding tiada satu pun tabiat tersebut diamalkan.</p></blockquote><p>Enam perkara yang disenaraikan di atas memberi manfaat kalau digabungkan dalam amalan seharian. Seseorang yang bersenam tetapi tidur empat jam sehari, atau seseorang yang makan dengan baik tetapi hidup terasing secara sosial, tidak mendapat manfaat penuh yang ditunjukkan oleh mana-mana kajian di atas, kerana kajian-kajian itu mengukur populasi yang mengamalkan gabungan tabiat, bukan satu tabiat terpencil.</p><p>Kukuhkan tapak. Bina menara kemudian.</p><p>&#8212; Auf Ali</p><div><hr></div><h2>Rujukan</h2><p><strong>Sumber aktiviti fizikal dan kecergasan kardiorespiratori</strong></p><ul><li><p>Lang, J.J. et al. (2024). Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong and consistent predictor of morbidity and mortality among adults: an overview of meta-analyses representing over 20.9 million observations from 199 unique cohort studies. <em>British Journal of Sports Medicine</em>, 58, 556&#8211;566.</p></li><li><p>Kajian ulasan langkah harian dan mortaliti keseluruhan (2024). <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em> (umbrella review dan meta-analisis kemas kini).</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sumber latihan rintangan</strong></p><ul><li><p>Shailendra, P. et al. (2022). Resistance Training and Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. <em>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</em>.</p></li><li><p>Kajian ulasan payung latihan senaman, aktiviti fizikal, tingkah laku duduk lama, dan mortaliti (2025). <em>Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle</em>.</p></li><li><p>Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults (2024). <em>International Journal of Epidemiology</em>.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sumber tidur</strong></p><ul><li><p>Imbalanced sleep increases mortality risk by 14&#8211;34%: a meta-analysis (2025). <em>GeroScience</em>.</p></li><li><p>Relationship of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events (2017). <em>Journal of the American Heart Association</em>.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sumber pemakanan dan penyakit tidak berjangkit</strong></p><ul><li><p>Lane, M.M. et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. <em>BMJ</em>, 384, e077310.</p></li><li><p>Barbaresko, J. et al. (2024/2025). Ultra-processed food consumption and human health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. <em>Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition</em>.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sumber hubungan sosial</strong></p><ul><li><p>Wang, F. et al. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. <em>Nature Human Behaviour</em>, 7, 1307&#8211;1319.</p></li><li><p>Nakou, A. et al. (2025). Echoes of solitude: systematic review and meta-analysis revealing mortality risks in older adults due to loneliness, social isolation, and living alone. <em>European Psychiatry</em>.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sumber kesan gabungan tabiat sihat</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nguyen, X.T. et al. (2023). Kajian dibentangkan di Nutrition 2023, persidangan tahunan American Society for Nutrition, menggunakan data Million Veteran Program (VA, Amerika Syarikat).</p></li><li><p>Loef, M. &amp; Walach, H. (2012). The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <em>Preventive Medicine</em>, 55(3), 163&#8211;170.</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Support Aufthority&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Support Aufthority</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Ibnu Sina dan Amanah Yang Dipinjam]]></title><description><![CDATA[Pseudo book review: Adakah kita berlaku adil bila mengiktiraf kegeniusan tokoh silam seperti teori humor Al-Qanun (The Canon of Medicine)?]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/ibnu-sina-dan-amanah-yang-dipinjam</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/ibnu-sina-dan-amanah-yang-dipinjam</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 01:00:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21k5ur%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21k5ur%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21k5ur%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg" width="1080" height="565" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:565,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:193951,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;a drawing of a man and a woman sitting next to each other&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="a drawing of a man and a woman sitting next to each other" title="a drawing of a man and a woman sitting next to each other" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5ur!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8191af45-ad62-42e2-bcd6-e349a08f0280_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40clevelandart">The Cleveland Museum of Art</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ibnu Sina tidak pernah menulis untuk meyakinkan orang bahawa dia betul. Dia menulis kerana pada zamannya, tiada siapa lagi telah menyusun ilmu perubatan dengan cara yang begitu lengkap, begitu tersusun, begitu berani menjambatani Yunani, Parsi dan pengalaman klinikalnya sendiri.</p><p>Seorang tabib gergasi dari Parsi yang bukan calang-calang, begitulah darjat yang layak disandang Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdillah Ibn Sina, atau lebih dikenali di Barat sebagai Avicenna. Menjelang usia awal dua puluhan beliau sudah dianggap tabib bertauliah. Sepanjang hayatnya beliau menghasilkan lebih 450 karya (240 daripadanya kekal terpelihara hingga kini) dan antara kesemuanya, <em>Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb</em> (<em>The Canon of Medicine</em>), disiapkan pada tahun 1025, kekal menjadi teks rujukan wajib di universiti-universiti Eropah sehingga abad ke-17. William Osler, seorang doktor yang dianggap bapa perubatan moden, pernah menyifatkan <em>Al-Qanun</em> sebagai kitab yang bertahan lebih lama sebagai bible perubatan berbanding mana-mana karya lain dalam sejarah.</p><p>Maka apabila sebuah terjemahan baharu, <em>Avicenna&#8217;s Medicine</em> oleh Mones Abu-Asab, Hakima Amri dan Marc S. Micozzi mendakwa <em>Al-Qanun</em> menyimpan kerangka yang sejajar dengan sains metabolik moden, saya tertarik. Bukan kerana dakwaan itu sensasi, tetapi kerana ia datang daripada penyelidik di institusi seperti National Eye Institute (NIH) dan Georgetown University. Mereka bukan sekadar pempengaruh kesihatan alternatif yang menjual &#8220;hikmah purba&#8221; tanpa sandaran.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0add5158-887f-4a5e-9c07-8e6552c35196_559x543.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9a0b139a-fbec-4908-8a60-9ed6201560a7_558x543.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8884e276-07b6-495e-821e-3298f66d228d_559x539.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Buku Avicenna's Medicine oleh Mones Abu-Asab, Hakima Amri dan Marc S. Micozzi, 2013&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc17e35a-7666-496d-9a31-2cb935f1c5ee_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Maka saya mulakan bacaan. Helaian demi helaian, muka surat demi muka surat, saya menelusuri semula konsep yang selama ini saya anggap sekadar anekdot sejarah: teori humor.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://s.shopee.com.my/1VxjJsRqlP&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beli buku Acivenna's Medicine sini&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fs.shopee.com.my%2F1VxjJsRqlP"><span>Beli buku Acivenna's Medicine sini</span></a></p><p>Ketahuilah, <strong>teori <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHumorism">humor</a></strong> yang diwarisi Ibnu Sina daripada tradisi Yunani dan Mesir purba bukan kepercayaan tentang empat cecair ajaib yang mengalir dalam badan secara literal. Dalam <em>Al-Qanun</em>, <em>khalt</em> (humor, jamak <em>akhla&#7789;</em>) ditakrifkan sebagai hasil akhir proses pencernaan yang bermula di perut, ke hati, ke darah, dan seterusnya ke tisu. Setiap peringkat menghaluskan bahan sebelumnya menjadi zat yang lebih matang.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KOAB%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KOAB%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png" width="1362" height="644" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:644,&quot;width&quot;:1362,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:139293,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/207622548?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOAB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee4e0650-92a7-435e-86a0-345c8fe58498_1362x644.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Keratan dari Bab The Humors dari buku Avicenna&#8217;s Medicine.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Tiga daripada empat humor, menurut penulis-penulis Abu-Asab, Amri dan Micozzi, bersamaan secara agak langsung dengan tiga kelas biomedikal moden: darah (<em>dam</em>) dengan protein yang telah dihadam dan diasimilasi; hempedu kuning (<em>&#7779;afra&#8217;</em>) dengan metabolisme lipid; hempedu hitam (<em>sawda&#8217;</em>) dengan asid organik dan bahan buangan selular. Ini adalah dakwaan teras buku tersebut, dan ia munasabah (rujuk keratan-keratan di bawah).</p><p>Kahak (<em>balgham</em>), humor keempat, lebih longgar tafsirannya. Sesetengah pembaca &#8212; termasuk draf awal esei ini &#8212; meletakkannya sebagai mukopolisakarida atau protein separuh hadam. Tetapi ini tafsiran tambahan, bukan dakwaan teras yang sama kukuhnya dengan tiga yang lain. Saya nyatakan perbezaan ini dengan sengaja, kerana ia penting untuk apa yang akan saya bincangkan kemudian: bila kita berhenti melaporkan, dan bila kita mula mentafsir melampaui apa yang sumber sebenarnya katakan.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Suka esei macam ni? Join langganan berbayar dan dapatkan ia terus ke emel anda:</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>Formula Khalt&#8211;Mizaj: Bahan dan Kualiti</h2><p>Di sinilah kerangka Ibnu Sina menjadi berguna, dan ia boleh dipecahkan kepada dua komponen yang saling melengkapi (rujuk Table 5.1 dibawah).</p><p>Formula pertama ialah <strong>Khalt</strong> &#8212; bahan itu sendiri, hasil metabolik yang boleh dikira dan dikelaskan, hampir setara dengan biokimia moden.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21xOzO%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21xOzO%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png" width="595" height="326" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:326,&quot;width&quot;:595,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:56193,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/207622548?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xOzO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01c7e754-ad59-4c7a-a653-23535ff1b06e_595x326.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Latarbelakang teori humor dari buku Avicenna&#8217;s Medicine.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Formula kedua ialah <strong>Mizaj</strong>: kualiti dan keseimbangan bahan tersebut, yang bergantung kepada umur, jantina, iklim, geografi dan latar belakang individu. Tiada satu ukuran &#8220;julat normal sejagat&#8221; yang sesuai untuk semua orang; <em>s&#363;&#8217; miz&#257;j</em> (dystemperament) berlaku apabila keseimbangan ini terganggu, membuka ruang kepada penyakit sebelum ia dapat dikesan secara kuantitatif oleh mana-mana ujian makmal.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21RawH%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21RawH%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png" width="615" height="422" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:615,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:50598,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/207622548?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RawH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48e0f951-210f-4e12-9e5c-cacfff997bcd_615x422.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Keratan dari buku Avicenna&#8217;s Medicine tentang homologus moden teori purba humor.</figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Khalt</em> tanpa <em>Mizaj</em> hanyalah senarai bahan kimia. <em>Mizaj</em> tanpa <em>Khalt</em> hanyalah falsafah tanpa asas. Kedua-duanya perlu hadir bersama &#8212; persis bagaimana LDL, sebagai bahan, hanya menjadi berbahaya apabila ia teroksida dan tersimpan di lokasi yang salah dalam arteri. Bukan bahannya yang bersalah; kualiti dan lokasinya yang berubah. Ini analogi yang berguna untuk memahami &#8220;humor mentah&#8221; Ibnu Sina &#8212; bukan bukti bahawa beliau telah meramalkan <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fdiseases-conditions%2Farteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis%2Fsymptoms-causes%2Fsyc-20350569">aterosklerosis</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214A32%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214A32%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png" width="550" height="323" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:323,&quot;width&quot;:550,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:124095,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/207622548?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60062c27-30c6-4702-8f28-4633f3e8bcec_329x552.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4A32!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62377f0e-f774-4c13-8e17-ac8b5a3a2a42_550x323.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Keratan Table 5.1a</figcaption></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21_qAG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21_qAG%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png" width="550" height="374" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:374,&quot;width&quot;:550,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:131641,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/207622548?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab0991bf-679a-4d5c-bfc6-c2dbb4f35718_376x550.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qAG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F444d6351-9189-4915-98d0-92e56b31765d_550x374.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Keratan Table 5.1b</figcaption></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ifbr%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ifbr%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png" width="548" height="310" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ifbr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2217751a-3293-43e2-a383-3e47162e4cec_548x310.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Keratan Table 5.1c</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ketika manusia mula pandai mengeluarkan darah untuk merawat penyakit daripada Hippocrates hinggalah abad ke-19, pada masa yang sama manusia mula lupa bahawa <em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fbloodletting">bloodletting</a></em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fbloodletting"> </a>(variasi bekam, hijamah atau fasdu) hanyalah satu intervensi kasar daripada sistem pemikiran yang jauh lebih halus, sistem yang turut merangkumi pemakanan, rehat, iklim dan emosi. Amalan itu akhirnya ditinggalkan pada abad ke-19 apabila terbukti tidak berkesan dan membahayakan dan bukan kerana sistem asalnya salah sepenuhnya, tetapi kerana satu intervensi kasar telah menelan keseluruhan falsafah yang menaunginya.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KBw9%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KBw9%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg" width="1456" height="1018" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1018,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:566832,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/207622548?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KBw9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bb9fbaa-f990-4ecf-afba-ddb2abf7516d_1600x1119.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Ilustrasi prosedur <em>bloodletting</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ketika manusia moden mula pandai mengukur kolesterol, gula darah dan penanda keradangan dengan ketepatan yang tidak pernah dimiliki Ibnu Sina, pada masa yang sama manusia mula mencari satu penyelesaian tunggal untuk menggantikan sistem menyeluruh itu seperti kunyit berdos tinggi, puasa berkala (IF, OMAD, RTE), mandi ais yang semuanya dijual sebagai penyelamat, seolah-olah kesihatan boleh dibeli secara terpisah daripada konteks kehidupan yang terdiri dari lebih banyak komponen.</p><p>Dan ketika platform kesihatan &#8212; termasuk platform seperti ini &#8212; mula pandai menggunakan nama besar seperti Ibnu Sina untuk menjual kredibiliti kepada kandungan (dan produk) mereka, pada masa yang sama kita perlu bertanya: adakah kita menghormati ilmu tabib genius ini, atau sekadar meminjam namanya untuk mengesahkan kepercayaan (naratif) kita sendiri?</p><p>Bayangkan anda baru menghabiskan bacaan artikel tentang &#8220;teori humor yang <strong>disahkan</strong> sains moden.&#8221; Anda membaca bahawa hempedu hitam bersamaan asid organik, bahawa Ibnu Sina telah &#8220;mendahului zamannya.&#8221; Adakah anda kini <strong>lebih bersedia</strong> menerima sebarang rawatan alternatif yang menggunakan terma-terma seperti &#8220;keseimbangan humor&#8221; kerana ia kini &#8220;disahkan sains&#8221;?</p><p>Di sinilah letaknya bahaya sebenar: bukan pada Ibnu Sina itu sendiri, tetapi pada cara <em>kita</em> meminjam kewibawaannya untuk memujuk anda menerima sesuatu yang belum tentu benar.</p><p>Saya tidak bersetuju sepenuhnya dengan cara sesetengah penulisan menggunakan frasa seperti &#8220;sains moden kini mengesahkan&#8221; apabila merujuk kepada kesepadanan antara humor dan metabolisme. Ini bukan pengesahan sains. Ini tafsiran tiga penyelidik yang membaca semula teks asal Arab ibnu Sina. Tafsiran yang bersungguh dan munasabah, tetapi tafsiran, bukan konsensus saintifik. Sejarawan perubatan arus perdana kekal berpendirian bahawa teori humor telah dilangkaui sejak kebangkitan patologi selular pada abad ke-19; malah apabila teori ini diteruskan secara literal ke abad ke-19 dan ke-20, ia sering terserap ke dalam pseudosains seperti frenologi.</p><p>Justeru itu, apabila kita menulis &#8220;Ibnu Sina mendahului zamannya&#8221; tanpa menyatakan siapa yang membuat dakwaan itu dan atas dasar apa, kita bukan sahaja tidak jujur kepada pembaca, malah kita juga tidak adil kepada Ibnu Sina sendiri. Beliau tidak memerlukan pengesahan sains moden untuk kekal bermakna. Meletakkan kata-katanya di atas neraca sains sebagai satu-satunya ukuran kewibawaannya adalah, pada saya, satu bentuk kezaliman kecil terhadap tokoh yang kewibawaannya sepatutnya diukur dengan neraca yang lebih luas: neraca sejarah, neraca falsafah perubatan, dan neraca amanah keilmuan itu sendiri.</p><p>Namun saya tidak menolak <em>Al-Qanun</em> secara total. Jauh sekali. Apa yang kekal berharga daripada kerangka Ibnu Sina bukanlah dakwaan kesepadanan biokimia yang tepat, tetapi disiplin berfikirnya: bahawa kesihatan tidak pernah lahir daripada satu faktor semata-mata; bahawa <em>mizaj</em> setiap individu berbeza mengikut konteks; bahawa ketidakseimbangan halus wujud lama sebelum penyakit menzahirkan diri secara kuantitatif. Prinsip perubatan pencegahan dan penjagaan menyeluruh ini kekal relevan, dengan atau tanpa pengesahan biokimia literal.</p><h2>Sebagai Penutup</h2><p>Ilmu (warisan) + Tawadhuk (kerendahan hati) + Amanah (ketelusan rujukan). Tiga unsur inilah yang perlu hadir serentak apabila kita membawa tokoh seperti Ibnu Sina ke ruang penulisan kesihatan hari ini.</p><p>Ilmu tanpa tawaduk menjadi dakwaan yang melampaui batas buktinya. Tawaduk tanpa amanah menjadi keraguan yang tidak berani menyatakan apa-apa. Amanah tanpa ilmu menjadi kejujuran yang tiada isi untuk disampaikan.</p><p>Akhir kalam, warisan Ibnu Sina tidak memerlukan kita membesar-besarkannya untuk kekal besar. Ia memerlukan kita membacanya dengan teliti, memetiknya dengan jujur, dan mengakui dengan rendah hati, di mana sempadan antara apa yang beliau tulis, dan apa yang <em>kita</em> ingin dia telah tulis.</p><p><em>(Penafian: ikhtisar ini bukan penolakan terhadap usaha mentafsir semula ilmu perubatan Islam secara kontemporari &#8212; usaha sedemikian penting dan wajar diteruskan. Ia sekadar seruan supaya usaha itu dilakukan dengan amanah ilmiah yang setimpal dengan kebesaran tokoh yang ditafsirkan.)</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/ibnu-sina-dan-amanah-yang-dipinjam?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fibnu-sina-dan-amanah-yang-dipinjam%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Suka artikel ni? Say thank you here:&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Suka artikel ni? Say thank you here:</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Rujukan</h2><p><strong>Sumber sejarah perubatan:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Abu-Asab, M., Amri, H., &amp; Micozzi, M.S. (2013). <em>Avicenna&#8217;s Medicine: A New Translation of the 11th-Century Canon with Practical Applications for Integrative Health Care</em>. Healing Arts Press.</p></li><li><p>Nasser, M., Tibi, A., &amp; Savage-Smith, E. (2009). Ibn Sina&#8217;s Canon of Medicine: 11th century rules for assessing the effects of drugs. <em>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</em>.</p></li><li><p>Rujukan umum tentang tarikh penyiapan <em>Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb</em> (1025) &#8212; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Wikipedia (<em>The Canon of Medicine</em>).</p></li></ul><p><strong>Sumber kritikan sejarah teori humor:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Becker Medical Library, Washington University in St. Louis &#8212; &#8220;The Humors and You! Medieval Health, Diet, and Humoral Theory.&#8221;</p></li><li><p>Vaia &#8212; &#8220;Humoral Theory: Explained, Significance.&#8221;</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kenapa Projek Besar Boleh Siap — Tapi Azam Tahun Baru Tak Tahan Sebulan Pun?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Spoiler: bukan sebab depa lagi rajin daripada kita]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/kenapa-projek-besar-boleh-siap-tapi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/kenapa-projek-besar-boleh-siap-tapi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 13:41:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mKzO%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mKzO%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mKzO%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg" width="1080" height="565" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:565,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:127531,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Twin skyscrapers illuminated green at night&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Twin skyscrapers illuminated green at night" title="Twin skyscrapers illuminated green at night" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKzO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2535634-f62c-47e2-bb94-a6ec778d259e_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40mynameisiknow">Ainur Iman</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p><span>Menara Berkembar Petronas kelihatan macam satu bangunan yang dicopy dan paste. Sebenarnya, ia dua projek berasingan, dengan dua pasukan pengurusan yang berbeza.</span></p><ul><li><p><span>Menara Satu dibina oleh konsortium Jepun diketuai Hazama Corporation.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Menara Dua dibina oleh konsortium Korea Selatan diketuai Samsung C&amp;T dan Kukdong Engineering.</span></p></li></ul><p><span>Dua budaya kerja, dua rantaian bekalan, dua cara buat keputusan &#8212; untuk satu matlamat yang sama: siap dalam enam tahun, bukan lapan tahun, kerana bajet kerajaan tak izinkan lebih lama.</span></p><p><span>Kenapa pecahkan cara-kerja macam ni?</span></p><p><span>Sebab perancang tahu risiko sebenar bukan kekurangan wang atau bahan.</span></p><p><span>Risiko sebenar ialah kelewatan. Setiap hari lewat dari jadual kos akan melebihi $700,000. Dengan dua pasukan bersaing di tapak yang sama, setiap pasukan boleh nampak kemajuan pasukan sebelah setiap hari. Proses komunikasi dan maklum balas pun segera, tanpa perlu tunggu laporan rasmi.</span></p><p><span>Persaingan ni bukan kebetulan. Ia direka khas untuk kurangkan </span><em><span>friction </span></em><span>(halangan): tiada ruang untuk berlengah, sebab kelewatan dan sebarang kepincangan akan jelas terpampang.</span></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af55b7f4-4435-4e19-930a-b54d02c703f3_340x506.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/460086d8-e6fe-4cb2-acb2-7914f221229a_359x535.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Pembinaan Menara Berkembar Petronas&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/89958d7f-cf55-4ed4-80bb-bbcaa6ab02e1_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p><span>Kedua-dua pasukan tetap ada cabaran tersendiri:</span></p><ol><li><p><span>Menara Satu contohnya, terpaksa betulkan struktur yang mula senget.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Menara Dua kena uruskan isu konkrit yang gagal ujian QC.</span></p></li></ol><p><span>Bahan (konkrit gred tinggi, keluli), tenaga kerja, dan bajet yang terhad dikendalikan secara berasingan oleh setiap pasukan &#8212; tapi kedua-dua menara siap serentak, disambung oleh jambatan langit yang perlu sepadan tepat di tengah. Tiada satu pasukan pun boleh guna alasan &#8220;pasukan sebelah lambat&#8221; &#8212; sebab setiap pasukan uruskan sumber sendiri, ikut jadual sendiri, dengan risiko sendiri.</span></p><p><span>Bila kita baca kisah projek besar macam pembinaan menara Petronas ni, kita akan sedar yang kita tak gunapakai prinsip atau pendekatan yang sama kualitinya dalam kehidupan kita.</span></p><p><span>Contohnya, kesihatan kita. Kita berazam, &#8220;Nak jadi lebih sihat&#8221;, tapi kita hairan kenapa akhirnya ia hanya tinggal sebagai niat yang terapung-apung dalam kepala.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21z0M8%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21z0M8%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa61d0cf1-f0a7-4a22-9468-f1b77670aab9_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>Sebabnya adalah kita tiada jadual yang jelas, tiada bahan (masa, tenaga, wang) yang boleh dijejaki, tiada cara nak tahu jika kita terlalu perlahan atau tak bergerak langsung.</span></p><p><span>Bandingkan dengan projek pembinaan sebegini: kita automatik tanya berapa bajet, apa bahan yang ada, macam mana nak kurangkan </span><em><span>friction</span></em><span> supaya kerja untuk sihatkan badan tidak di-anak tirikan atau terbengkalai?</span></p><p><span>Kita selalu utamakan hal-hal lain. Sebab kita tak nampak betapa kita tak berlaku adil kepada kesihatan sendiri.</span></p><p><span>Bayangkan hidup sihat kita macam projek pembinaan:</span></p><h2><strong><span>1. Scope Dulu, Baru Mula</span></strong></h2><p><span>Tiada projek bermula tanpa skop dan objektif yang jelas. Menara Berkembar Petronas ada satu sasaran ketinggian dan satu tarikh akhir sebelum konkrit pertama dibancuh dan dituang &#8212; bukan idea yang samar-samar yang &#8220;akan disemak nanti.&#8221; Kajian menunjukkan matlamat yang spesifik dan boleh diukur lebih mudah dicapai berbanding matlamat yang kabur macam &#8220;nak lebih sihat.&#8221; Tapi macam mana nak buat bagi jadi sihat tu?</span></p><h3><span>Cara buat:</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>Tulis nombor sasaran (target), bukan perasaan &#8212; berat, kalori, atau ukuran badan (ukur lilit pinggang, kandungan lemak badan) yang spesifik.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Tetapkan tarikh akhir yang realistik, bukan &#8220;suatu hari nanti.&#8221;</span></p></li><li><p><span>Catat titik permulaan &#8212; tiada scope tanpa baseline yang tepat.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Elak mulakan &#8220;kerja&#8221; sebelum scope ini siap ditulis di atas kertas.</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>Contoh: Daripada &#8220;nak kurus,&#8221; tulis &#8220;72kg ke 64kg, menjelang Disember 2026.&#8221;</span></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/kenapa-projek-besar-boleh-siap-tapi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Rasa topik ni menarik? Kongsi dengan semua orang:</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/kenapa-projek-besar-boleh-siap-tapi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fkenapa-projek-besar-boleh-siap-tapi%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong><span>2. Raikan Kejayaan Kecil, Bukan Garis Penamat Sahaja</span></strong></h2><p><span>Projek besar yang cuma ada satu milestone &#8212; siap atau tak siap &#8212; biasanya gagal separuh jalan. Kedua-dua pasukan Petronas boleh nampak kemajuan sebelah setiap pagi kerana kemajuan diukur tingkat demi tingkat, bukan ditunggu sampai bangunan siap sepenuhnya. Kajian kata tindakan kecil yang konsisten bantu bentuk tabiat baru, bukan usaha besar sekali sekala.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218ctO%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ctO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png 424w, 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src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218ctO%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ctO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ctO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ctO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ctO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8ec7b7-d78f-4004-a05e-80336f6171c3_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><span>Cara buat:</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>Pecahkan matlamat besar kepada checkpoint mingguan.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Rekod kemajuan setiap minggu, walau kecil atau tak sempurna.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Terima minggu yang tak lengkap sebagai satu titik data, bukan kegagalan.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Jangan tunggu sampai &#8220;siap sepenuhnya&#8221; baru mula rekod kemajuan.</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>Contoh: Rancang untuk briskwalk 5 hari minggu tapi sempat buat 3 hari saja. Walaupun tak capai target tapi ini masih satu milestone kecil yang sudah selesai &#8212; bukan kegagalan, satu titik data untuk minggu depan.</span></p></blockquote><h2><strong><span>3. Metrik Projek Perlu Ada Sumber, Bukan Main &#8220;Rasa-rasa&#8221; Saja</span></strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218Utl%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218Utl%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2850924,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/206850157?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Utl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f68556f-2d10-4c7f-890f-d9066dac66a3_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>Dalam mana-mana projek, KPI yang direka sendiri tanpa asas biasanya mengelirukan. Setiap batch konkrit di tapak Petronas diuji mengikut spesifikasi ketat sebelum diluluskan &#8212; bukan dilulus sebab &#8220;nampak ok.&#8221; Kesihatan patut dapat kerangka kerja yang sama: metrik yang ada rujukan kajian, bukan sekadar popular di media sosial.</span></p><h3><span>Cara buat:</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>Pilih metrik yang ada rujukan kajian yang disiarkan, bukan trend sahaja.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Guna lebih dari satu metrik &#8212; satu angka jarang cerita penuh.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Semak sumber sebelum jadikan ia KPI utama anda.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Elak metrik yang anda reka sendiri tanpa asas saintifik.</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>Contoh: BMI tinggi tak semestinya menggambarkan kesihatan sebenar &#8212; metrik waist-to-height ratio (Ashwell, 2012) akan beri gambaran berbeza untuk badan yang sama.</span></p><p><span>Waist-to-height ratio adalah metrik yang boleh diukur dirumah (tanpa penimbang berat badan canggih) yang menganggar kesihatan jantung dan metabolik dengan lebih tepat dari BMI saja.</span></p></blockquote><h2><strong><span>4. Bukan Semua Aspek Projek Perlu Mula Dengan Serentak</span></strong></h2><p><span>Setiap projek ada fasa-fasa. Kalau semua projek pembinaan besar jalan serentak, naya!</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%215Lhs%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%215Lhs%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2950144,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/206850157?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Lhs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b0788bc-54df-432b-972d-820bb4a4530d_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>Kerja asas Menara Petronas &#8212; cerucuk, konkrit, struktur &#8212; perlu siap dulu sebelum kerja kemasan dalaman bermula; jangan </span><em><span>rush</span></em><span> kemajuan setiap fasa hanya untuk nak nampak macam ada kemajuan.</span></p><h3><span>Cara buat:</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>Kenal pasti bahagian projek yang paling asas, dan mula di situ dulu.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Biarkan bahagian lain (contoh: senaman, tidur) jadi fasa &#8220;nanti,&#8221; bukan wajib hari pertama.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Tambah fasa baru hanya bila fasa sebelum ini dah stabil.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Jangan rasa bersalah kalau satu bahagian projek belum bermula.</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>Contoh: Minggu pertama &#8220;projek gaya hidup sihat&#8221; anda boleh dimulakan tanpa sebarang senaman dulu &#8212; bahagian pemakanan tak perlu tunggu bahagian senaman.</span></p><p><span>Mula bersenam yang paling mudah: berjalan, kerap naik tangga, kerap berdiri dari duduk. Mula makan sayur sekali setiap hari, makan satu sajian buah setiap hari.</span></p></blockquote><h2><strong><span>5. Review Dibuat Mingguan, Bukan Post-Mortem Sekali Sahaja Dihujung Projek</span></strong></h2><p><span>Projek yang baik ada semakan berkala &#8212; bukan tunggu sampai projek gagal baru semak apa yang salah. Setiap kali struktur mula senget atau ujian konkrit gagal di tapak Petronas, masalah itu dikenalpasti awal-awal, bukan selepas tingkat ke-80 siap. Kajian kata pencapaian berkala dan maklum balas bantu kekal motivasi.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21EFfz%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EFfz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f724d8a-5a9a-4b28-aaf1-a04aa466f4e0_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><span>Cara buat:</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>Buat semakan ringkas setiap minggu &#8212; bukan tunggu sampai projek &#8220;gagal&#8221; baru semak.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Bandingkan minggu ini dengan minggu lepas, bukan dengan hari sempurna khayalan.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Guna semakan itu untuk ubah strategi, bukan untuk hukum diri sendiri.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Terima baseline rendah di minggu pertama sebagai titik mula, bukan alarm.</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>Contoh: Peratus konsistensi 0% pada minggu pertama bukan alarm &#8212; ia baseline untuk lihat sama ada minggu depan bergerak naik.</span></p><p><span>Kalau anda set untuk bersenam 4 kali seminggu dan hanya sempat buat 2 kali saja, review kenapa sempat buat 2 kali saja? Apakah halangan yang muncul? Fikir macam mana nak atasi halangan supaya ia tak berulang di masa hadapan.</span></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><p><span>Inilah bezanya antara azam &#8220;nak jadi sihat&#8221; dengan projek kesihatan yang sebenar: scope yang jelas, milestone mingguan, KPI yang berdasarkan kajian terkini yang menyeluruh, kemajuan setiap fasa yang tak dipaksa, dan review berkala. Lima disiplin ini bukan sesuatu yang baru &#8212; ia sama macam disiplin yang pastikan Menara Berkembar Petronas siap dalam enam tahun, bukan lapan. Badan kita pun perlukan struktur yang sama. Siapa lagi nak ambil serious tentang badan kita kalau bukan diri sendiri?</span></p><p><span>Kita nak log berat badan, ukur lilit pinggang setiap Isnin ni tak glamor.</span></p><p><span>Review mingguan nampak remeh.</span></p><p><span>Tapi itulah yang buat kemajuan senyap jadi sesuatu yang boleh dilihat. Dan itulah enjin yang otak kita perlukan untuk terus bergerak.</span></p><p><span>Jadi, treat perjalanan kesihatan kita macam projek yang sebenar: dengan scope, milestone, KPI, dan review mingguan. Tak perlu reka sistem sendiri dari kosong.</span></p><p><span>&#8212; Auf Ali</span></p><blockquote><p><span>Klik link kat bawah untuk dapatkan tracker projek gaya hidup sihat anda sementara promosi sedang berlangsung sepanjang bulan Julai 2026.</span></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><p><strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoyyibpay.com%2FMyHealth-Dashboard-Aufthority"><span>Click sini untuk dapatkan MyHealth Dashboard Tracker daripada Aufthority dengan harga termurah!</span></a></strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21jp0f%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1dd65555-1187-4db4-9c67-d95a03f7c7a3_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Kalau anda suka artikel-artikel macam ni &#8212; subscribe</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[6 Ways Norway Built a Country That Produces World-Class Athletes]]></title><description><![CDATA[The ultimate Norwegian Method.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/6-ways-norway-built-a-country-that</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/6-ways-norway-built-a-country-that</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 04:26:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21U5FT%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fae15b14d-9bc9-420c-87ef-a197fc21e958_2000x600.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21U5FT%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fae15b14d-9bc9-420c-87ef-a197fc21e958_2000x600.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Norway has about 5.5 million people. Fewer than <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKlang_Valley">Klang Valley</a>. And somehow it produced Erling Haaland, Jakob Ingebrigtsen, Kristian Blummenfelt, and Magnus Carlsen &#8212; four sports, four bodies, four disciplines of suffering. It also just left the Milan Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics with 41 medals, the most any nation has ever won at a single Winter Games, from a population smaller than a mid-sized city. The easy explanation is genetics, or fjords, or something in the herring. Here's what the country actually does differently.</p><h2>1. It removed the scoreboard</h2><p>Norway&#8217;s Children&#8217;s Rights in Sport statement, adopted in 1987 and updated in 2007, bans official scores or league tables for children under 11, and regional championships before the same age. Kids can opt out of games, switch clubs mid-season with no penalty, and decide for themselves how much they want to train.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Aufthority is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The logic: nobody can reliably tell, in a 9-year-old, who&#8217;s going to be elite at 22. So the system doesn&#8217;t try. It keeps the door open instead of sorting kids out early.</p><h2>2. It kept sport cheap on purpose</h2><p>Norway&#8217;s Ministry of Culture channels a large share of national lottery and sports-betting proceeds &#8212; roughly $400 million a year &#8212; into the sports ecosystem. A 2024 survey by the Norwegian Sports Association found the average annual cost of youth sport participation was about $400 for a 9-year-old, rising to roughly $1,000 by age 15 &#8212; a fraction of the pay-to-play academy fees common elsewhere.</p><p>The result: a 93% youth sports participation rate, compared to roughly 50% or less across much of North America. &#8220;Let every kid play&#8221; only works if every family can actually afford it. The cheap-sport policy is what makes the no-scoreboard policy logistically real instead of a nice sentiment on a PDF.</p><h2>3. It built the elite funnel after childhood, not during it</h2><p>After age 13, the system changes shape. Promising athletes move into a pipeline run through the National Sport Federations and Olympiatoppen, Norway&#8217;s elite performance center, which sets shared training standards nationally. Haaland didn&#8217;t specialize in football until 14. Karsten Warholm didn&#8217;t focus on hurdles until 20. Neither was identified early &#8212; they just kept playing long enough to find out.</p><p>Bj&#248;rn D&#230;hlie, Norway&#8217;s cross-country skiing legend, put it in a way that&#8217;s become something close to doctrine there: being an Olympic champion is a thing you have done, not a thing you are. Nobody asks an 11-year-old to become the thing. The system just keeps the door open until the person decides for themselves.</p><h2>4. It professionalised coaching through universities, not apprenticeship</h2><p>Most of Norway&#8217;s top coaches come out of academic sport science programs rather than ex-athlete apprenticeships, with the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (<a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nih.no%2F">Norges idrettsh&#248;gskole</a>) in Oslo functioning as the research hub feeding the national system &#8212; training coaches, publishing the child-development studies the youth policy is built on, and setting standards shared across all 55 of Norway&#8217;s national sport federations. Coaching, in other words, is treated as a research-backed profession, not a reward for having once been good at the sport yourself.</p><h2>5. It can afford to wait &#8212; because the whole country is built that way</h2><p>This is the one that doesn&#8217;t fit on a poster, and it&#8217;s the most important.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21klqZ%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21klqZ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png" width="1456" height="1028" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1028,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:297098,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/206767960?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!klqZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F535594ea-a6d4-4d30-a33a-89c0e234d029_3400x2400.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Norway scored 0.970 on the UN&#8217;s <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fhuman-development-index%3Ftab%3Dline%26amp%3Bcountry%3DMYS%7ENOR%7ESGP%7EGBR%7EUSA%26amp%3BmapSelect%3DMYS%7ENOR%7ESGP%7EGBR%7EUSA">Human Development Index in 2023</a> &#8212; tied for second in the world. Norwegians average 13.1 years of schooling. The country usually ranks top 10 on the World Happiness Report. None of that is a coincidence sitting next to the sports policy &#8212; it&#8217;s the same underlying decision, made at every level of the state: keep options open for people for longer, whether that&#8217;s in school, in the labour market, or on a football pitch, rather than sorting them early because a scoreboard or a budget year demands an answer now.</p><p>That&#8217;s the part that doesn&#8217;t transfer with a policy memo. The scoreboard rule is copyable. The country that can afford to enforce it for thirteen years before asking anyone to specialize is not.</p><h2>6. It&#8217;s the opposite of how most countries &#8212; including Malaysia &#8212; actually do it</h2><p>Most systems do it backwards. Identify early. Rank early. Specialise early. Cut the ones who aren&#8217;t showing results by 10, because the tournament and the sponsor and the parent all want a scoreboard now, not a 22-year-old who found their sport at 14.</p><p>Malaysia has its own version of early sorting &#8212; sukan sekolah selections, single-sport academies for children barely in double digits, the informal but very real sense that a child who isn&#8217;t obviously good at something by primary school has aged out of the conversation. None of this is a moral failing. It&#8217;s what a system with a smaller funding floor and a shorter runway of &#8220;keep the door open&#8221; does. You sort early because you can&#8217;t afford, structurally, to keep every door open until 13.</p><p>The Norwegian model isn&#8217;t transplantable wholesale &#8212; a $400 million annual sports budget assumes a lottery infrastructure, a tax base, and a governing body willing to enforce a no-specialization rule with actual sanctions. But the underlying premise doesn&#8217;t require Norway&#8217;s budget to be worth taking seriously: talent you can&#8217;t yet see is not the same as talent that doesn&#8217;t exist. Most systems act as if it is.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Aufthority is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bimaristan: Kaedah Saintifik & Kerapuhan Sistem Manusia]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ini adalah bab ke-4 dalam Fasal I manuskrip buku ini. Ia menceritakan sejarah pembangunan Gundishapur &#8212; bandar ilmu yang menjadi prototaip kepada Baghdad dan Baitul Hikmah.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bimaristan-kaedah-saintifik-and-kerapuhan-afd</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bimaristan-kaedah-saintifik-and-kerapuhan-afd</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 09:40:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Uh2p%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1f828b78-6603-45e7-9de2-244caab47b7e_523x382.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Baca Bab 1 disini: </h2><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;4af1f1ad-fa1d-4404-ad99-658a8ae93c32&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&#8220;Untuk menghafal bacaan, bacalah ia empat puluh kali.&#8221;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Bimaristan: Kaedah Saintifik &amp; Kerapuhan Sistem Manusia&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:25042160,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Auf Ali&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;I'm a science communication PhD aspirant and online I write and share actionable, simplified, nuanced, evidence-based healthcare&#8212;without the noise. Rooted in history culture and humanity.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3c88a33d-2e7a-465d-b2d6-8198c37d774d_1440x1440.webp&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-12T12:01:25.843Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!a3WR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8f8277-4296-42ac-aeca-39d192c3b340_800x600.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/prolog&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Bimaristan: Kaedah Saintifik &amp; Kerapuhan Sistem Manusia&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:184291774,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:5582518,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Aufthority&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QmQA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb02c326a-43ed-4313-be22-0b146b7505be_650x650.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span>Bab 4: Gundishapur</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Malam itu, tangan Abu Bakar al-Razi berhenti.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Bukan kerana tiada kerja lagi yang perlu dilakukan. Di atas mejanya masih berselerak tiga manuskrip yang belum selesai dibaca, dua bekas tembaga yang menunggu giliran mereka di hadapan relau, dan catatan-catatan semalam yang belum disalin dengan kemas. Kerja tidak pernah habis di bengkel ini. Kerja adalah satu-satunya perkara yang tidak pernah habis.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Tetapi jarinya berhenti pada sesuatu di tepi helaian naskhah yang sedang dipegangnya.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Coretan kecil di jidar halaman &#8212; dakwat yang lebih pudar daripada tulisan utama, ditulis dengan tangan yang berbeza, tangan yang lebih tua dan lebih tidak sabar. Bahasa Suryani. Beberapa patah kata sahaja, komentar yang ditinggalkan oleh seseorang yang membaca naskhah ini sebelum al-Razi, mungkin puluhan tahun lebih awal, mungkin lebih jauh lagi. Tulisan itu berkata, dalam dialek Suryani timur yang masih boleh dibacanya walaupun bertahun-tahun sudah berlalu: </span><em><span>perhatikan nisbah ini. Jangan percaya kepada angka yang tertulis. Saya sudah mencubanya. Ia berbeza.</span></em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Al-Razi tidak ketawa. Tetapi ada sesuatu yang bergerak di dalam dadanya &#8212; sesuatu antara pengiktirafan dan rindu &#8212; kerana dia tahu dari mana tulisan seperti itu datang. Bukan dari Baghdad. Bukan dari mana-mana scriptorium besar yang rapi dengan penyalin-penyalin profesional dan pelita minyak yang cukup terang. Tulisan yang ditinggalkan di jidar dengan cara seperti ini &#8212; seolah-olah penulis tidak dapat menahan diri, seolah-olah tangan bergerak sebelum minda sempat bertimbang rasa &#8212; adalah tulisan orang yang bekerja sambil membaca. Orang yang hidup dalam naskhah, bukan hanya menggunakannya.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Orang Gundishapur.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Al-Razi merendahkan naskhah itu dari pandangan matanya. Bersandar di dinding bata yang masih hangat dari haba relau, memejamkan matanya sebentar.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Masih segar dalam ingatannya: bau tempat itu. Bukan bau yang harum &#8212; bukan seperti bau taman atau pasar rempah yang sering diromantikkan oleh orang yang tidak pernah tinggal di kawasan pengajian. Bauan Gundishapur berbeza dari bau Kota Rayy seperti mana bau dapur rumah akan berbeza dengan bau kamar tidur: dakwat dan kulit haiwan dan debu buku lama yang sudah menyerap peluh tangan-tangan manusia selama beratus tahun, bercampur dengan bau asap dapur besar di wing hospital yang tidak pernah padam, dan sesekali &#8212; apabila angin bertiup dari arah yang betul &#8212; bau sungai Karun yang jauh, tanah Khuzistan yang subur yang mengingatkan orang bahawa di luar tembok-tembok sarjana itu ada dunia sibuk..</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Al-Razi melangkah kesana ketika beliau masih muda. Terlalu muda ikut kayu ukur orang sekarang tapi cukup biasa bagi orang di zaman itu. Kota Rayy menghantar kafilah ke selatan dan ke barat secara berkala; tak sukar untuk seorang pemuda dengan gambus di bahunya dan sedikit wang hasil kerja sebagai tukang besi untuk mendapatkan tumpangan mengembara ketika itu. Nama Gundishapur sudah lama berlegar di Kota Rayy &#8212; di kedai-kedai para pedagang yang datang dari Khuzistan, di perbualan para sarjana yang sesekali singgah di kota persimpangan itu dalam perjalanan mereka ke Baghdad. Nama itu disebut dengan nada tertentu, nada yang digunakan orang apabila mereka bercakap tentang sesuatu yang lebih besar daripada diri mereka sendiri. </span><em><span>Gundishapur.</span></em><span> Tempat di mana ilmu tidak disekat oleh sempadan bahasa atau agama atau asal-usul. Tempat di mana tabib Kristian Nestorian mengajar dalam bahasa Suryani di sebelah bilik tempat sarjana Zoroaster menerangkan teks Parsi lama, sementara di hujung lorong pelajar-pelajar membincangkan Aristotle dalam terjemahan Arab yang baru dan belum sempurna.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Beliau pergi kerana mahu melihat sendiri. Kerana cerita, tidak kira betapa menariknya, selalu hanya cerita sehingga kamu berdiri di dalam apa yang diceritakan.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Tetapi Gundishapur bukan lahir daripada kebaikan hati.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Ini adalah sesuatu yang al-Razi pelajari bukan dari kuliah tetapi dari perbualan-perbualan lewat malam di bilik-bilik kecil yang sesak, apabila guru-guru yang lebih tua menceritakan asal-usul tempat itu dengan gaya yang tak akan kita jangka dari teks rasmi &#8212; dengan nada yang separuh bangga dan separuh ironis, kerana kebanggaan dan ironi adalah dua sisi duit syiling yang sama apabila kamu mengetahui bahawa tempatmu berdiri sekarang lahir daripada kesombongan seorang raja yang tidak sanggup mengakui bahawa orang lain mempunyai sesuatu yang dia tidak ada.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Raja itu bernama Shapur I. Dan sesuatu yang tidak dimilikinya bernama </span><em><span>Antioch</span></em><span>.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Bagi Shapur I, raja agung Sasanid yang memerintah pada abad ketiga Masihi, nama itu bukan sekadar nama-nama lain yang kita lontarkan dengan bersahaja seperti yang diperkatakan Shakespeare. Ia adalah penghinaan yang benyawa, yang bernafas udara yang sama, bagaikan ia mencuri hak yang lain. Antioch adalah bukti bahawa ada sesuatu di dunia ini yang lebih hebat daripada apa yang ada dalam empayarnya. Antioch berdiri di muara Sungai Orontes, kota metropolitan Rom yang paling besar di timur, pusat pentadbiran dan perdagangan yang menyatukan Laut Mediterranean dengan dunia Parsi dan India. Jalannya lebar dan lurus. Bangunannya megah dengan tiang-tiang marmar. Tabib-tabibnya mewarisi tradisi Hippocrates yang sudah berusia berabad-abad. Setiap kali utusan Sasanid memasuki kota itu, setiap kali mata mereka menyapu kemegahan yang tidak dimiliki empayar sendiri, mereka membawa pulang sesuatu yang lebih berbisa daripada laporan perisikan: rasa rendah diri.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Shapur tidak mahu kalah.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Shapur tak boleh kalah&#8212;fikirnya barangkali.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Maka bermulalah perang yang akan mengubah lanskap kuasa pemerintahan dunia ketika itu.</span></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[CerminDiri: A Health Calculator Built for Malaysian Bodies]]></title><description><![CDATA[How we built a metabolic and cardiovascular risk tool from the ground up &#8212; and why the source material matters.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/cermindiri-a-health-calculator-built</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/cermindiri-a-health-calculator-built</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:09:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214UVQ%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214UVQ%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214UVQ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png" width="752" height="613" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:613,&quot;width&quot;:752,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:31267,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/204117252?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UVQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2ebf175-53f4-4fd5-be01-27ed51518bb5_752x613.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I&#8217;ve spent a lot of time frustrated with health calculators.</p><p>Not because they don&#8217;t work. But because they weren&#8217;t built for me.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Aufthority is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>The cut-offs were designed for a 70-kilogram white man in Boston or Helsinki. The risk thresholds came from populations where roti canai isn&#8217;t a food group. And the reference bodies &#8212; the &#8220;normal&#8221; against which you were measured &#8212; bore no resemblance to anyone I grew up around.</p><p>That frustration became CerminDiri.</p><p>It&#8217;s a free, browser-based health profiling tool at cermindiri.aufthority.com. Five steps. No account. No app download. You get a metabolic and cardiovascular health profile &#8212; body composition risk, diabetes risk score, heart disease risk over 10 years, and a picture of where you sit relative to other Malaysians your age and sex.</p><p>But what&#8217;s different &#8212; and what I want to explain properly here &#8212; is what&#8217;s under the hood.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The problem with &#8220;standard&#8221; health tools</strong></h3><p>Most health risk calculators available online were derived from Western cohorts. The Framingham Heart Study, the most influential cardiovascular risk model in the world, was built from a predominantly white American sample in Framingham, Massachusetts &#8212; starting in 1948.</p><p>That&#8217;s not a criticism. It was landmark science. But applying it unchanged to a Malaysian or Indonesian or Bangladeshi body involves a kind of quiet assumption: that the biology of cardiovascular risk is identical across all human populations.</p><p>It isn&#8217;t.</p><p>Asians develop cardiometabolic complications at lower body weight and lower BMI than Western populations. A Malaysian man at BMI 25 &#8212; technically &#8220;normal&#8221; by Western standards &#8212; may already carry significantly elevated visceral fat and metabolic risk. The research on this has been accumulating for decades. But most consumer health tools haven&#8217;t caught up.</p><p>CerminDiri is an attempt to close that gap.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The four sources behind the scoring engine</strong></h3><p>Every calculation in CerminDiri traces back to a specific piece of peer-reviewed science. Let me walk through each one.</p><p><strong>1. WHO Asia-Pacific BMI and waist cut-offs (2004)</strong></p><p>The World Health Organization convened an expert consultation specifically on Asian populations. Their conclusion: the standard BMI thresholds of 25 (overweight) and 30 (obese) were too permissive for Asian bodies.</p><p>For Asians, risk begins to rise meaningfully at BMI 23. The &#8220;overweight&#8221; threshold is 23&#8211;27.5, and obesity begins at 27.5.</p><p>Waist circumference cut-offs are also adjusted: risk is elevated at 80cm for Asian women and 90cm for Asian men &#8212; both lower than the Western thresholds of 88cm and 102cm respectively.</p><p>CerminDiri uses these Asia-Pacific thresholds throughout. When you enter your height, weight, and waist, the tool classifies your risk using standards designed for a body like yours &#8212; not a body in Framingham.</p><p><strong>2. NHMS 2019 and 2023 &#8212; the Malaysian population picture</strong></p><p>The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) is Malaysia&#8217;s largest national health survey, run by the Institute for Public Health (IKU) under the Ministry of Health. Two waves &#8212; 2019 and 2023 &#8212; provide the most comprehensive snapshot of Malaysian body composition data broken down by sex and age group.</p><p>These surveys are where the population scatter charts in CerminDiri come from.</p><p>When you complete the tool and see a cloud of dots representing where Malaysians your age and sex sit in BMI-versus-waist space, those dots are seeded from NHMS mean distributions. They&#8217;re statistically simulated &#8212; not real individual respondents &#8212; but the distributions are grounded in real national survey data.</p><p>This is, I think, one of the more meaningful parts of CerminDiri. It gives you not just an abstract score, but a position. You can see whether you&#8217;re at the dense centre of the Malaysian population, at its edge, or somewhere outside it entirely.</p><p>It makes the data legible in a way raw numbers don&#8217;t.</p><p><strong>3. The INTERHEART Non-Laboratory Risk Score (NL-IHRS)</strong></p><p>This is the cardiovascular risk module, and it&#8217;s the one I&#8217;m most proud of sourcing carefully.</p><p>The original INTERHEART study was a landmark global case-control study published in <em>The Lancet</em> in 2004, spanning 52 countries and over 29,000 participants. It identified the major modifiable risk factors for a first heart attack and estimated their population-attributable risk.</p><p>From that foundation, researchers developed the Non-Laboratory INTERHEART Risk Score (NL-IHRS) &#8212; a version of the tool that doesn&#8217;t require any blood tests. You answer questions about age, sex, smoking status, hypertension history, diabetes, family history of early heart disease, waist-to-hip ratio, psychosocial stress, diet, and physical activity. The score runs from 0 to 48. Below 10 is low risk. 10 to 15 is moderate. 16 and above is high.</p><p>What makes this source particularly relevant for CerminDiri is the validation work done specifically in Southeast Asia.</p><p>McGorrian et al. (2011, <em>European Heart Journal</em>) validated the NL-IHRS across seven global regions, including South Asia and Southeast Asia, using data from the PURE study &#8212; Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology, one of the largest cardiovascular epidemiology studies ever conducted in low- and middle-income countries.</p><p>Then, critically, Lee et al. (2023, <em>Nutrients</em>; PMID 37242265) applied and validated the NL-IHRS specifically in a Malaysian middle-aged community sample of 602 participants. This is local validation. This means someone sat down, recruited Malaysians, and tested whether the tool worked on them. It does.</p><p>That validation study is what gave me enough confidence to use the INTERHEART score as the primary cardiovascular screening module in CerminDiri.</p><p><strong>4. The Framingham Risk Score &#8212; BMI version (D&#8217;Agostino et al. 2008)</strong></p><p>The Framingham Risk Score is the gold-standard 10-year cardiovascular event risk calculator. The original version requires cholesterol measurements, which most people don&#8217;t have on hand.</p><p>D&#8217;Agostino et al. developed a BMI-based version in 2008, published in <em>Circulation</em>, which substitutes BMI for cholesterol and LDL. This is the version CerminDiri uses &#8212; because it means that if you enter your systolic blood pressure (optional), you can get a 10-year CVD risk percentage without a blood test.</p><p>The Framingham score was validated for use in Malaysian populations in two separate studies: Selvarajah et al. (2014) and Chia et al. (2015). Validity holds, with a known caveat: FRS may slightly overestimate risk in some Asian subgroups, which is disclosed in the tool&#8217;s limitations section.</p><p><strong>5. FINDRISC &#8212; with Asian waist thresholds</strong></p><p>The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) was developed by Lindstr&#246;m and Tuomilehto (2003, <em>Diabetes Care</em>) as a non-invasive screening instrument for type 2 diabetes risk. It uses age, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, diet, blood pressure history, blood glucose history, and family history of diabetes.</p><p>CerminDiri uses FINDRISC as the diabetes risk module &#8212; but with the waist circumference thresholds adjusted to WHO Asia-Pacific standards. This is a critical modification. The original Finnish thresholds would systematically underestimate diabetes risk in Asian individuals with abdominal obesity, who carry more metabolic risk at smaller waist measurements than the Finnish reference population.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Why this matters for Southeast Asia</strong></h3><p>Southeast Asia &#8212; and Malaysia specifically &#8212; sits at a convergence of risk factors that most health tools weren&#8217;t designed to detect.</p><p>We have high rates of abdominal obesity despite not always appearing &#8220;obese&#8221; by Western BMI standards. We have a dietary pattern rich in refined carbohydrates, saturated fat, and salt. We have strong genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes. We have rapidly urbanising populations shifting from physically active to sedentary lifestyles within a single generation.</p><p>And we have a healthcare communication infrastructure that still largely hands patients a number &#8212; a cholesterol reading, a glucose level, a BMI &#8212; without giving them the context to understand what it means relative to people like them.</p><p>CerminDiri is a small push against that.</p><p>It doesn&#8217;t replace a doctor. It doesn&#8217;t diagnose anything. The tool says this clearly, prominently, at every step. It is a screening and awareness instrument.</p><p>But it is one built from the right literature, calibrated for the right bodies, and contextualised against the right population.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>How to use it</strong></h3><p>Go to <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcermindiri.aufthority.com%2F">CerminDiri</a>. Five steps, about three minutes.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Step 1</strong> asks for your biological sex and age.</p></li><li><p><strong>Step 2</strong> asks for weight, height, and waist circumference (hip is optional &#8212; it enables the waist-to-hip ratio calculation for the INTERHEART score).</p></li><li><p><strong>Step 3</strong> covers medical history: blood pressure, glucose, family history of diabetes and early heart disease, and gestational diabetes.</p></li><li><p><strong>Step 4</strong> is lifestyle: smoking, physical activity, diet, and psychosocial stress.</p></li><li><p><strong>Step 5</strong> is optional but unlocks something useful &#8212; if you enter your systolic blood pressure, the tool calculates your 10-year cardiovascular risk percentage via the Framingham model.</p></li></ul><p>The output gives you a full profile: BMI classification under Asia-Pacific cut-offs, waist and waist-to-height ratio risk tiers, a diabetes risk score, an INTERHEART cardiovascular score with your contributing risk factors listed individually, and &#8212; if you entered your blood pressure &#8212; a Framingham 10-year CVD risk percentage.</p><p>There&#8217;s also a goal planner. You can drag sliders to simulate what happens to your risk profile if you lose weight or reduce your waist circumference. The scatter chart updates in real time to show you how your simulated position moves against the Malaysian population cloud.</p><p>It&#8217;s the kind of interactivity I wish existed when I was trying to understand my own numbers.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>A note on honesty</strong></h3><p>I&#8217;ve tried to be transparent about the limitations.</p><p>The INTERHEART score was derived from a heart attack case-control study &#8212; not a general population prospective cohort. The Framingham score was built in a white American sample and may overestimate risk in some Asian subgroups. FINDRISC was developed for Finnish people; we&#8217;ve adjusted the waist thresholds, but the underlying model coefficients weren&#8217;t recalibrated for a Malaysian cohort.</p><p>These caveats are disclosed in the tool itself, under the data sources section.</p><p>No tool is perfect. The question is whether it&#8217;s better than nothing, and whether the tradeoffs are honestly communicated. I believe CerminDiri clears both bars.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>What comes next</strong></h3><p>CerminDiri is one piece of a larger set of tools being built at Aufthority &#8212; all with the same premise: that Malaysians deserve health information calibrated to their actual bodies, in language they actually use, without a lab visit or a clinic appointment as the prerequisite.</p><p>The adjacent tools &#8212; MyTDEE (daily energy targets), MakanLah (meal logging built for Malaysian food), Boroi (abdominal obesity deep-dive), and RancangDiri (personalised lifestyle planning) &#8212; each extend a different part of that premise.</p><p>CerminDiri is the front door.</p><p>Go see where you stand.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://cermindiri.aufthority.com&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;CerminDiri&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcermindiri.aufthority.com"><span>CerminDiri</span></a></p><div><hr></div><p><em>&#8212; Auf Ali</em></p><p><em>Auf Ali writes Aufthority &#8212; an evidence-based health newsletter for Malaysians. He builds free tools that turn public health data into something a person can actually use.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Aufthority is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bimaristan: Kaedah Saintifik & Kerapuhan Sistem Manusia]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bab 3: Shaykhuna Abu Bakar al-Razi]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bimaristan-kaedah-saintifik-and-kerapuhan</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/bimaristan-kaedah-saintifik-and-kerapuhan</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 03:08:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21FcZb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21FcZb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21FcZb%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg" width="1456" height="741" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FcZb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2b72f18-1f84-4884-9b77-48e9e73dc001_1740x885.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">A 1840 depiction of the 12th-century <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeljuk_Empire">Seljuk</a>-era <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTughrul_Tower">Tughrul Tower</a> of Ray by French orientalist <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEug%25C3%25A8ne_Flandin">Eug&#232;ne Flandin</a>.</figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Di dalam Kota Rayy Abu Bakar al-Razi dilahirkan, sekitar tahun 865 Masihi. Lebih dari 200 tahun selepas terjatuhnya empayar Sasanid yang agung, dan lebih dari seabad selepas bintang khalifah bani Abbasiyah  mula bersinar.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.aufthority.com/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lawati website Aufthority&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aufthority.com%2F"><span>Lawati website Aufthority</span></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Di luar tingkap rumah keluarganya, bunyi azan bergema lima kali sehari dari minaret masjid. Tetapi di sebalik bunyi itu, jika seseorang mendengar dengan lebih teliti, masih ada gema: dialek Razi orang-orang tua di pekan, lidah tamadun Median yang merangkak masuk ke dalam bahasa Arab mereka seperti akar pokok yang masuk ke dalam tembok bata. Kota yang bernama Mohammadiyah dalam surat-menyurat rasmi masih dipanggil Rayy oleh semua orang yang tinggal di dalamnya. Nama lama tidak mati. Ia hanya bersembunyi.<br><br>Al-Razi tidak dilahirkan ke dalam keluarga tabib. Tidak lahir ke dalam keluarga ulama. Ketika muda, al-Razi dikenali bukan kerana kitab atau klinik. Beliau menghiburkan penghuni kota sebagai pemuzik, memetik tali-tali halus <em>oud </em>atau <em>lute</em> dalam bahasa inggeris dan gambus dalam bahasa melayu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213-OX%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F83f5853f-203f-4334-b768-06e8359f6955_1500x844.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-OX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83f5853f-203f-4334-b768-06e8359f6955_1500x844.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-OX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83f5853f-203f-4334-b768-06e8359f6955_1500x844.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-OX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83f5853f-203f-4334-b768-06e8359f6955_1500x844.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3-OX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83f5853f-203f-4334-b768-06e8359f6955_1500x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213-OX%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F83f5853f-203f-4334-b768-06e8359f6955_1500x844.jpeg" 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Oud atau gambus</figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Jari-jejarinya yang halus memetik tali-tali gambus dengan fasih, menghasilkan melodi yang mengalir sehalus sungai Jajrud di waktu senja. Di samping itu, beliau menawarkan khidmat menilik nasib menggunakan ilmu astrologi kepada sesiapa yang sudi ditilik. Hal ini mungkin kelihatan janggal sekarang, tetapi bintang dan nasib adalah barangan yang laku di mana-mana kota besar di zaman lewat antikuiti. Pemerintah bertanya bila perang patut dimulakan. Pedagang mahu tahu hari baik untuk memulakan perjalanan. Manusia sentiasa laparkan kepastian, dan ahli nujum menjual bayangan kepastian itu dengan harga yang berpatutan.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Tetapi Al-Razi bukan sekadar ahli nujum biasa yang membaling dadu lalu mencipta cerita yang sedap didengar. Beliau adalah seorang yang membawa <em>Timaeus</em> Plato ke meja kerjanya, yang mentelaah carta bintang Ptolemy bukan sebagai warisan suci tetapi sebagai dokumen yang boleh disemak dan dipersoalkan.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21NxwA%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F8195d0f3-a9c9-41bc-903d-4cd9507c54a6_960x651.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NxwA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8195d0f3-a9c9-41bc-903d-4cd9507c54a6_960x651.jpeg 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NxwA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8195d0f3-a9c9-41bc-903d-4cd9507c54a6_960x651.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NxwA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8195d0f3-a9c9-41bc-903d-4cd9507c54a6_960x651.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NxwA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8195d0f3-a9c9-41bc-903d-4cd9507c54a6_960x651.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NxwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8195d0f3-a9c9-41bc-903d-4cd9507c54a6_960x651.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Medieval manuscript of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalcidius">Calcidius</a>'s Latin <em>Timaeus</em> translation.</figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Di zamannya, astrologi bukan tahyul pasar dagang. Ia adalah sains &#8212; atau paling tidak, kelihatan seperti sains. Para pemerintah bertanya kepada ahli nujum bila perang patut dimulakan. Pedagang mahu tahu hari baik untuk berlayar. Khalifah-khalifah Abbasiyyah di Baghdad mempunyai ahli nujum diraja di istana mereka, sama seperti mereka mempunyai panglima perang dan bendahari&#8212;astrologi adalah kuasa. Dan kuasa, bagi anak muda yang cerdas dan miskin di kota besar, adalah sesuatu yang tidak boleh diabaikan.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Maka al-Razi belajar dengan serius.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Beliau mempelajari pergerakan sfera langit bukan sekadar untuk meramal nasib, tetapi kerana langit, bagi beliau, adalah mesin yang boleh difahami. Bintang bergerak mengikut hukum. Hukum itu boleh dikira. Dan sesuatu yang boleh dikira, pada prinsipnya, boleh diuji.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Inilah yang memisahkan beliau dari kebanyakan rakannya di pasar.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Tetapi inilah juga yang mula mengganggunya.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Kerana semakin al-Razi mengira, semakin beliau menyedari sesuatu yang tidak selesa: ramalan tidak selalu bertepatan dengan hukum. Langit bergerak dengan teratur. Tetapi hidup manusia &#8212; dengan segala kerumitannya &#8212; tidak semestinya mengikut bintang. Persoalan itu mula tumbuh perlahan di dalam fikirannya, seperti retak halus pada dinding yang kelihatan kukuh dari luar: <em>jika bintang adalah benda yang bergerak mengikut hukum fizikal, bukan kehendak ilahi, maka apakah kuasa sebenarnya untuk menentukan nasib manusia?</em></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Tetapi Kota Rayy bukan kota yang hanya menjual bayangan.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Setelah terbenamnya matahari di belakang Pergunungan Alburz, pengunjung pasar mula bersurai.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pedagang menutup kedai. Bau roti panas diganti dengan bau asap dapur rumah-rumah yang mula menyala. Dan al-Razi pun melangkah pulang.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Tetapi hari kerjanya belum selesai.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Kerana dunia sebenar yang menarik perhatiannya tidak berada di langit.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ia menunggu di rumah.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Di dalam bilik kecil di belakang kediamannya &#8212; separuh bengkel, separuh makmal &#8212; rak-rak kayu dipenuhi bekas tanah liat dan balang kaca yang disusun bukan secara rawak tetapi mengikut aturan yang hanya difahami tuannya. Di satu bahagian: bahan tumbuhan. Resin. Minyak. Herba-herba kering. Di bahagian lain: bahan haiwan &#8212; tulang, cengkerang, lemak tertentu yang dikeringkan. Dan paling hampir dengan relau: bahan mineral. Sulfur. Garam. Batu-batuan hijau dan kuning yang dibeli dari pedagang Khurasan dan lombong yang jauh.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Api relau sudah dinyalakan sebelum beliau tiba.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How Quality Relationships Protect Your Health]]></title><description><![CDATA[Science explaining the African proverb that says, "if you want to go fast, run alone; if you want to go far&#8212;run together"]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/how-quality-relationships-protect</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/how-quality-relationships-protect</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:04:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a 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848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="5292" height="4108" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1688225206480-5dd2b1896883?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw5fHxtYXJrZXQlMjBvaWwlMjBwYWludGluZ3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3NzE0NjcyNDJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40artchicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>We are taught that the &#8220;good life&#8221; comes from success.</p><p>A better job.<br>More money.<br>Higher status.</p><p>We treat wellbeing like a trophy &#8212; something earned through individual achievement.</p><p>But the data says otherwise.</p><p>For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked what truly predicts long-term health and happiness. It is the longest study of adult life ever conducted. And its conclusion is simple:</p><p>We&#8217;ve been looking in the wrong place.</p><div><hr></div><h1>The Most Important Predictor of Health</h1><p>The study began in 1938.</p><p>Researchers followed two very different groups:</p><ul><li><p>19-year-old Harvard students</p></li><li><p>Boys from Boston&#8217;s poorest neighborhoods, many growing up in homes without running water</p></li></ul><p>They didn&#8217;t just collect medical data. They visited homes. Interviewed families. Observed daily life. They tracked careers, marriages, illnesses, and aging.</p><p>Today, the study includes more than 2,000 children and spouses of the original participants.</p><p>After nearly nine decades, the strongest predictor of who lives longer and stays healthier is not:</p><ul><li><p>Wealth</p></li><li><p>IQ</p></li><li><p>Social class</p></li></ul><p>It is the <strong>quality of their relationships</strong>.</p><p>Robert Waldinger, the study&#8217;s current director, summarises it clearly:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;The single choice most likely to keep us on a good path of wellbeing is to invest in our relationships.&#8221;</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>The Obesogenic Environment: Why Habits Are Hard</h1><p>Modern life is full of invisible pressures that push us toward unhealthy habits.</p><p>Easy access to fast food, long hours at desks, constant screens, and stressful schedules create what scientists call an <strong>obesogenic environment</strong> &#8212; a world that makes overeating and inactivity the default.</p><p>Your environment nudges your behavior every day. Without support, it&#8217;s easy to give in to convenience and comfort.</p><p>The Harvard Study shows that relationships are a critical buffer against this environment. Social connections help us navigate the pressures, stick to routines, and make healthier choices even when the environment isn&#8217;t designed for it.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Like what you&#8217;re reading so far? Consider being a subscriber!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h1>Relationships Shape Healthy Habits</h1><p>Relationships don&#8217;t just make you happier.</p><p>They <strong>shape your daily behavior</strong>.</p><p>Healthy eating and regular exercise rarely succeed in isolation. We like to think discipline is purely individual. But habits are socially contagious.</p><p>You are more likely to:</p><ul><li><p>Exercise regularly if your friends exercise</p></li><li><p>Eat balanced meals if your family eats balanced meals</p></li><li><p>Maintain weight loss if your spouse supports it</p></li></ul><p>Environment matters. And your social circle is part of that environment.</p><p>If the people around you normalise late-night fast food, inactivity, and constant stress, your brain treats those behaviors as normal.</p><p>If they normalise morning walks, home-cooked meals, and structured routines, that becomes your baseline.</p><p><strong>Connection doesn&#8217;t just regulate stress. It regulates behavior.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h1>Why Social Support Makes Healthy Habits Stick</h1><p>Building healthy habits requires <strong>consistency</strong>.</p><p>Consistency requires <strong>emotional stability</strong>.</p><p>And emotional stability is strengthened by <strong>secure relationships</strong>.</p><p>When stress is lower:</p><ul><li><p>Cravings decrease</p></li><li><p>Impulsive eating reduces</p></li><li><p>Energy for exercise improves</p></li><li><p>Sleep quality stabilises</p></li></ul><p>Chronic loneliness keeps the body in fight-or-flight mode. In that state, the brain prioritises immediate comfort over long-term discipline.</p><p>Supportive relationships shift that balance. Accountability, shared routines, and encouragement make healthy behaviors the default, even in an obesogenic environment.</p><p>Even simple acts &#8212; like eating dinner together or walking with a friend &#8212; reinforce structure. Healthy living becomes a shared norm, not a lonely battle.</p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Shop at The Aufthority Shop&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-aufthority-shop"><span>Shop at The Aufthority Shop</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>The 40% You Can Control</h1><p>What if you&#8217;re not naturally optimistic?</p><p>Research suggests happiness isn&#8217;t just luck. Psychologist Sonja Lyubomirsky proposed a simple breakdown:</p><ul><li><p>50% Genetic set point &#8211; Your natural temperament</p></li><li><p>10% Life circumstances &#8211; Income, job, environment</p></li><li><p>40% Intentional activity &#8211; Your daily choices</p></li></ul><p>That 40% matters.</p><p>Even if you are not naturally cheerful, you can shift your wellbeing through deliberate habits.</p><p>And one of the most powerful habits is choosing <strong>connection over isolation</strong> &#8212; because connection makes other healthy habits easier to sustain.</p><div><hr></div><h1>&#8220;Never Worry Alone&#8221;</h1><p>During his psychiatric training, Waldinger received advice that stayed with him:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Never worry alone.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>When we carry stress by ourselves, it grows heavier. Health concerns. Financial fears. Family problems.</p><p>Sharing the burden changes how the brain processes threat. It isn&#8217;t just &#8220;venting.&#8221; It regulates stress.</p><p>And lower stress makes better choices more likely &#8212; like preparing a balanced meal instead of grabbing fast food, or choosing a walk instead of skipping exercise.</p><div><hr></div><h1>How Loneliness Affects the Body</h1><p>Loneliness is not just emotional. It is biological.</p><p>When we face stress, the body activates the &#8220;fight or flight&#8221; response:</p><ul><li><p>Heart rate increases</p></li><li><p>Stress hormones rise</p></li><li><p>The body prepares for danger</p></li></ul><p>In a healthy system, once the threat passes, the body returns to balance.</p><p>But chronic loneliness keeps the body stuck in low-level stress.</p><p>Over time, this leads to:</p><ul><li><p>Higher cortisol</p></li><li><p>Chronic inflammation</p></li><li><p>Wear and tear on vital organs</p></li></ul><p>This is how isolation contributes to heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses &#8212; and silently sabotages habit-building.</p><p>A stressed brain chooses immediate comfort over long-term discipline. Secure relationships counteract that stress and make healthier behaviors easier to maintain.</p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Pledge support $1 here!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Pledge support $1 here!</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>Healthy Conflict vs. Toxic Relationships</h1><p>A good relationship does not mean zero conflict.</p><p>All close relationships involve disagreement.</p><p>In fact, working through conflict strengthens bonds.</p><p>The real danger is toxic acrimony:</p><ul><li><p>Chronic resentment</p></li><li><p>Emotional withdrawal</p></li><li><p>Inability to recover after arguments</p></li></ul><p>The research shows something striking:</p><p>Staying in a high-conflict, bitter relationship is worse for your health than separating.</p><p>The couples who lived longest were not conflict-free. They argued &#8212; sometimes loudly.</p><p>But they had a foundation of affection and respect. They trusted each other in a crisis.</p><p>That sense of security protected their bodies from chronic stress &#8212; and made healthy routines easier to sustain.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Your Real Long-Term Investment</h1><p>When participants looked back on surviving the Great Depression and World War II, they did not talk about personal toughness.</p><p>They talked about:</p><ul><li><p>Neighbors who shared food</p></li><li><p>Friends who stood beside them</p></li><li><p>Letters from loved ones</p></li></ul><p>Connection helped them endure.</p><p>It also protects the brain.</p><p>Older adults with secure relationships experience slower cognitive decline. The lonely decline faster.</p><p>And in everyday life, connection makes <strong>discipline sustainable</strong>. Because eating well and exercising regularly are easier when they are shared.</p><div><hr></div><h1>The Takeaway</h1><p>If 40% of your happiness is within your control, the most powerful move you can make is not financial.</p><p>It is <strong>relational</strong>.</p><p>Not a bigger portfolio.<br>Not another credential.</p><p>But one conversation.<br>One shared workout.<br>One family meal.<br>One shared worry.</p><p>Which relationship could you invest in today to help you resist the unhealthy pressures around you &#8212; and build habits that last?</p><p>It might be the foundation of every other healthy habit you&#8217;re trying to create.</p><p>&#8212; Auf Ali</p><div><hr></div><h3>Further reading:</h3><ul><li><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26amp%3Bsource%3Dweb%26amp%3Brct%3Dj%26amp%3Bopi%3D89978449%26amp%3Burl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%253Fv%253D8KkKuTCFvzI%26amp%3Bved%3D2ahUKEwiX37mp4uSSAxVOxzgGHeMHDJMQkPEHegQITxAB%26amp%3Busg%3DAOvVaw3PNtfU7nY6bvBwFEzUlFWO">Robert Waldinger TED Talk</a></p></li><li><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26amp%3Bsource%3Dweb%26amp%3Brct%3Dj%26amp%3Bopi%3D89978449%26amp%3Burl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%253Fv%253DIrVHB0Hp3F0%2526vl%253Den%26amp%3Bved%3D2ahUKEwiX37mp4uSSAxVOxzgGHeMHDJMQkPEHegQIbhAB%26amp%3Busg%3DAOvVaw0uKMi9FO3ExzFX0SWMg94s">Robert Waldinger Big Think</a></p></li><li><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2017%2F04%2Fover-nearly-80-years-harvard-study-has-been-showing-how-to-live-a-healthy-and-happy-life%2F">Good Genes are Nice But Joy is Better - The Harvard Gazette</a></p></li><li><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adultdevelopmentstudy.org%2F">Harvard Adult Development Study</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share The Aufthority&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share The Aufthority</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[9 Ways Ramadan Helps You Build Better Habits]]></title><description><![CDATA[Treat it casually, it passes. Treat it intentionally, it rewires you for the year ahead.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/9-ways-ramadan-helps-you-build-better</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/9-ways-ramadan-helps-you-build-better</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 08:28:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="6000" height="4000" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1641372311163-807e54a84e4b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxyYW1hZGFuJTIwb2lsJTIwcGFpbnRpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzcxNDg4NjM0fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40dewang">Dewang Gupta</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Most people think Ramadan is just about resisting hunger.</p><p>It&#8217;s not.</p><p>Other than being a divine command, if you look closely, Ramadan is a 30-day behaviour redesign program.</p><p>If you approach it intentionally, it becomes the most comprehensive habit-building system in your year.</p><p>Here&#8217;s why.</p><div><hr></div><h2>1. Habit Stacking: Build on What Already Exists</h2><p>Ramadan naturally pairs behaviours.</p><p>Solah + dua<br>Iftar + gratitude<br>Sahur + Qur&#8217;an<br>Night prayer + reflection</p><p>This isn&#8217;t random.</p><p>It&#8217;s habit stacking.</p><p>In behavior science, habit stacking means attaching a new habit to an existing anchor. Instead of relying on motivation, you use something you already do as the trigger.</p><p>You don&#8217;t ask:<br>&#8220;When should I make dua?&#8221;</p><p>You tie it to solah.</p><p>You don&#8217;t ask:<br>&#8220;When should I reflect?&#8221;</p><p>You tie it to night prayer.</p><p>The anchor already exists. The new behavior piggybacks on it.</p><p>This reduces friction.<br>It removes decision-making.<br>It increases consistency.</p><p>Ramadan gives you fixed anchors throughout the day. If you attach even one intentional habit to each anchor, you leave the month with multiple behaviours strengthened&#8212;not just fasting.</p><p>The question becomes:</p><p>What are you stacking onto what you&#8217;re already doing?</p><div><hr></div><h2>2. Structured Interruptions: Solah as Behaviour Reset</h2><p>Five daily prayers divide your day into segments.</p><p>In productivity science, structured breaks:</p><ul><li><p>Reduce cognitive fatigue</p></li><li><p>Improve long-term focus</p></li><li><p>Regulate stress</p></li></ul><p>Solah forces you to:<br>Stop. Wash. Stand. Bow. Breathe. Reflect</p><p>These interruptions serve as a targeted intervention for the nervous system. Instead of remaining in a state of constant, mindless production, you are forced to stop and return to center. This structure facilitates a more mindful relationship with task-switching and time management.</p><p>Ramadan strengthens this rhythm because you become more conscious of time. And in Malaysia (where I am from), most employers let us leave for work early. Masjid is a stone throw&#8217;s away. The environment makes it easier for us to prioritise solah during Ramadan.</p><p>Spirituality affects behaviour and vice versa.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Connection, Longevity, and Barakah]]></title><description><![CDATA[Where Harvard&#8217;s 85 Years of Data Meets the Qur&#8217;an and al-Ghazali's Alchemy of Happiness]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/connection-longevity-and-barakah</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/connection-longevity-and-barakah</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 02:16:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21d9_r%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21d9_r%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21d9_r%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png" width="760" height="1155" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9_r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f952f31-f977-4a69-a845-4a5c8eafc50a_760x1155.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Painting by Ami Temur Titled, &#8220; Meeting in the Palace&#8221;. source: <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthousesf.com%2Fproducts%2Famir-temurs-meeting-in-the-palace%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOorOkPYWaFeg6lpFTSOhPg5XIkxHLqdzQi2ZLzKhFOeOmJGC4ntg">website</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>For 85 years, researchers at Harvard tracked hundreds of lives.</p><p>They followed young men from adolescence into old age. They recorded careers, marriages, illnesses, struggles, and triumphs. Over time, the study expanded to include their spouses and children.</p><p>The goal was simple: What actually predicts a good life?</p><p>Not what sounds inspiring.<br>Not what sells books.<br>But what the data shows.</p><p>After nearly nine decades, the conclusion is clear:</p><p>The strongest predictor of long-term health and happiness is not wealth, intelligence, or social status.</p><p>It is the quality of your relationships.</p><p>People who were more socially connected lived longer. They experienced less chronic disease. Their brains declined more slowly. Their stress levels were better regulated.</p><p>Loneliness, on the other hand, behaved like a biological toxin.</p><p>Long before longitudinal data and MRI scans, Islam built an entire moral and spiritual system around structured human connection.</p><p>Not as self-help.</p><p>Not as lifestyle optimisation.</p><p>But as obedience.</p><p>The Harvard Study measured what happens to the human body when relationships are strong or weak.</p><p>Islam legislated the behaviours that make them strong.</p><p>And when you place the two side by side, the overlap is difficult to ignore.</p><div><hr></div><h2>The Harvard Study and Islamic Principles: A Deep Alignment</h2><p>The findings of the Harvard Study do not just &#8220;sound similar&#8221; to Islamic teachings.</p><p>They align structurally.</p><p>The study concludes that the strongest predictor of long-term health and wellbeing is the quality of relationships.</p><p>Islam has been building a relational framework for over 1,400 years.</p><p>Al-Ghazali framed it this way in his book, &#8220;The Alchemy of Happiness&#8221;: the heart was created to know Allah and to live in harmony with others. When it becomes dominated by arrogance, envy, resentment, or excessive love of status, it becomes diseased &#8212; and a diseased heart cannot experience true happiness.</p><p>Modern research now shows that chronic resentment, insecurity, and isolation activate long-term stress pathways in the body.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Digital Products]]></title><description><![CDATA[Get all our exclusive products here. More will be added soon.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 14 Feb 2026 13:20:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f4a9ab3-83d5-48c5-95b6-e6dbc4571777_500x500.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>1. The Aufthority All-in-One Workout Google Sheet Tracker: </h3><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://toyyibpay.com/The-Aufthority-Workout-Tracker&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Buy now!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoyyibpay.com%2FThe-Aufthority-Workout-Tracker"><span>Buy now!</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21vdNQ%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21vdNQ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg" width="649" height="477" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:477,&quot;width&quot;:649,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:65936,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/187947514?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F852c580b-2d76-47d8-bb9e-c23c42c21ac9_649x980.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vdNQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9032da4-c9de-4b6b-b71f-abff843d6b5c_649x477.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Workout Tracker Google Drive The Aufthority</figcaption></figure></div><p>All in one Workout Tracker:</p><blockquote><p>Workout weekly planner<br>1 Rep Max tracker<br>Workout split tracker<br>Push Pull Legs Program Tracker<br>Fullbody Program Tracker<br>Weekly monitoring tracker</p></blockquote><h4>Spesifikasi Produk</h4><p>Format: Fail PDF dengan download link</p><p>Bahasa: Bahasa Melayu &amp; English</p><p>Saiz Fail: &#177;300 KB</p><p>Akses: Link Google Drive / Email selepas pembelian</p><div><hr></div><h3>2. The Aufthority Google Sheet Habit Tracker</h3><h4>Daily Habit Tracker ini mengandungi:</h4><ul><li><p>Weekly Summary</p></li><li><p>90-Day Overview</p></li><li><p>Sistem &#8220;streak&#8221; automatik</p></li><li><p>Ruang muhasabah mindset/journaling</p></li><li><p>Cadangan susun atur tabiat</p></li><li><p>Tips kekal konsisten 90 hari</p></li></ul><h4>Spesifikasi Produk</h4><p>Format: Fail PDF dengan download link</p><p>Bahasa: Bahasa Melayu &amp; English</p><p>Saiz Fail: &#177;300 KB</p><p>Akses: Link Google Drive / Email selepas pembelian</p><div><hr></div><h4>Variasi Maru (Kucing hitam):</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21diBv%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21diBv%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png" width="500" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:59050,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/187947514?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!diBv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1570ffa8-5285-4c25-992a-3a5f47019d42_500x500.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://toyyibpay.com/Habit-Tracker-Maru&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Buy now!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoyyibpay.com%2FHabit-Tracker-Maru"><span>Buy now!</span></a></p><h4>Variasi Oyen (Kucing oren)</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21b5So%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21b5So%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png" width="500" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:56691,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/187947514?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b5So!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fb199de-5229-462b-b88d-0e6ab7c4cf66_500x500.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://toyyibpay.com/Habit-Tracker-Oyen&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Buy now!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoyyibpay.com%2FHabit-Tracker-Oyen"><span>Buy now!</span></a></p><h4>Variasi Sunflower (bunga):</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21dcAm%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21dcAm%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png" width="500" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:50338,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/187947514?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dcAm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F674bcb2e-c4f3-4de4-9a21-6e9919b1b61f_500x500.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://toyyibpay.com/Habit-Tracker-Sunflower&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Buy now!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftoyyibpay.com%2FHabit-Tracker-Sunflower"><span>Buy now!</span></a></p><div><hr></div><p>Lebih banyak produk akan datang!</p><p>Keep watch of this space.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Kongsi The Aufthority Shop!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-aufthority-shop%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/the-aufthority-shop?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-aufthority-shop%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA["Leaky Gut" Syndrome: Masalah Bila Merawat Berdasarkan Misinfomation]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bagaimana idea yang ditanam didalam minda boleh dirasakan benar walaupun ia dilingkari kepalsuan.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/leaky-gut-syndrome-masalah-bila-merawat</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/leaky-gut-syndrome-masalah-bila-merawat</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 01:10:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KvWG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KvWG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21KvWG%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg" width="1024" height="552" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KvWG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcaace593-f5c3-43f4-99a8-d0ef0c311d01_1024x552.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fpagarneau%2F5057713273">Gambar oleh Pierre-Alenxandre Garneau</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Dalam filem <em>Inception</em> (2010), Leonardo DiCaprio pakar dalam seni &#8220;penanaman idea&#8221;&#8212;menanam satu idea ringkas ke dalam minda seseorang semasa mereka bermimpi. Apabila orang itu bangun, idea tersebut akan membesar dan bercambah sehingga terasa seperti realiti, menjadi satu kepercayaan yang sukar dipersoalkan. Konsep ini mencerminkan bagaimana idea-idea kesihatan (<em>misinformation</em>) tertentu boleh merebak. Satu teori yang ringkas dan kelihatan logik boleh ditanam dalam kesedaran kolektif kita melalui buku, blog dan media sosial, dan lama-kelamaan akarnya mencengkam tanah sehingga ia terasa seperti fakta yang tidak dapat disangkal.</p><p>Salah satu contoh dalam dunia kesihatan alternatif ialah &#8216;<em>leaky gut syndrome</em>,&#8217; (LGS) tetapi apakah sebenarnya yang dimaksudkan dengannya, dan adakah ia berlandaskan realiti saintifik atau sekadar mimpi yang meyakinkan?</p><h2>Memahami LGS</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21OzB5%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21OzB5%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzB5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55310bdc-820e-4f90-ad0f-1b17d5dda5e9_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/leaky-gut-syndrome-masalah-bila-merawat?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Rasa bacaan ini bermanfaat? Kongsi dengan geng anda!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/leaky-gut-syndrome-masalah-bila-merawat?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fleaky-gut-syndrome-masalah-bila-merawat%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><p>Dalam naratif popular, LGS digambarkan sebagai satu keadaan di mana lapisan usus menjadi telap atau &#8220;berlubang,&#8221; membenarkan toksin, bakteria, dan zarah makanan yang tidak dihadam &#8220;bocor&#8221; ke dalam aliran darah. Idea ini sangat menarik kerana ia menawarkan satu penjelasan tunggal yang mudah difahami untuk pelbagai simptom yang kompleks dan samar-samar. Ia memberikan jawapan kepada mereka yang berasa kecewa dan tidak dipedulikan oleh perubatan konvensional.</p><p>Menurut naratif ini, sindrom usus bocor adalah punca kepada pelbagai masalah kesihatan. Simptom-simptom umum yang sering dikaitkan dengannya termasuk:</p><ul><li><p>Kembung perut dan sendat perut</p></li><li><p>Sakit perut</p></li><li><p>Cirit-birit</p></li><li><p>Keletihan</p></li><li><p>Sakit kepala</p></li><li><p>Sensitiviti makanan</p></li><li><p>&#8220;Kabus otak&#8221; (<em>Brain fog</em>)</p></li></ul><p>Dalam dunia ini, &#8220;penjahat&#8221; yang dipersalahkan adalah elemen-elemen moden seperti <strong>gluten</strong>, <strong>stres kronik</strong>, dan <strong>toksin persekitaran</strong>.</p><p>&#8220;Penyelesaian&#8221; yang dicadangkan selalunya melibatkan protokol yang ketat seperti pendekatan &#8220;4R&#8221; (<em>Remove, Replace, Reinoculate, Repair</em>), yang mengesyorkan diet yang sangat terhad, panel <em>supplements</em> yang mahal, dan probiotik untuk &#8220;memperbaiki&#8221; usus.</p><p>Dalam naratif seumpama mimpi dalam filem <em>Inception</em>, ia menuju pemulihan dibentangkan sebagai satu misi yang jelas dan tersusun.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21E8DT%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21E8DT%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E8DT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F865a2179-1422-4f32-84e6-f466250fbd51_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Walaupun naratif ini kedengaran logik, realiti saintifik mendedahkan gambaran yang jauh lebih rumit daripada sekadar &#8216;lubang&#8217; pada usus.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://collshp.com/mediocremillennial&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Shopping CNY di Shopee The Aufthority!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcollshp.com%2Fmediocremillennial"><span>Shopping CNY di Shopee The Aufthority!</span></a></p><h2>Realiti Saintifik Fungsi Usus Kita</h2><p>Di sinilah kita &#8220;bangun&#8221; daripada mimpi. Para saintis tidak bercakap tentang &#8220;usus bocor&#8221; semata-mata; mereka bercakap tentang sesuatu yang jauh lebih kompleks: <strong>&#8220;fungsi penghadang usus yang tidak normal&#8221;</strong> atau <strong>&#8220;kebolehtelapan usus&#8221;</strong> (<em>abnormal intestinal barrier function / intestinal permeability</em>).</p><p>Langkah pertama untuk sedar ialah dengan melihat melangkaui idea &#8216;lubang&#8217; yang ringkas dan menghargai kehebatan struktur penghadang usus yang sebenar. Ini bukanlah sekadar satu membran ringkas. Sebaliknya, ia adalah sistem pertahanan berbilang lapisan yang sangat canggih dan dinamik.</p><p>Penghadang usus adalah struktur yang sangat besar&#8212;meliputi kawasan seluas kira-kira <strong>400 meter persegi</strong> (dua kali ganda saiz gelanggang tenis perseorangan) dan menggunakan hampir <strong>40% daripada tenaga badan kita</strong>. Ia terdiri daripada beberapa komponen utama:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Lapisan Lendir (Mucus Layer):</strong> Ini adalah barisan pertahanan fizikal dan kimia pertama. Ia bukan sekadar lapisan lendir biasa; ia terdiri daripada dua lapisan berbeza: <strong>lapisan dalam yang melekat kuat</strong> di mana bakteria jarang ditemui, dan <strong>lapisan luar yang lebih tebal dan longgar</strong> di mana bakteria komensal hidup. Lapisan ini juga mengandungi unsur-unsur imun seperti Immunoglobulin A (IgA) dan peptida antimikrob (AMPs) yang meneutralkan ancaman sebelum ia sampai ke sel-sel kita.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lapisan Epitelium (Epithelial Layer):</strong> Terdiri daripada satu lapisan sel yang tersusun rapat seperti batu-bata. Sel-sel ini diikat oleh kompleks protein yang dipanggil <strong>&#8216;persimpangan ketat&#8217;</strong> (<em>tight junctions</em>). Protein seperti <strong>claudin</strong> dan <strong>occludin</strong> bertindak seperti mortar, mengawal dengan ketat apa yang boleh melaluinya dari usus ke dalam aliran darah.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sistem Imun (Immune Defenses):</strong> Tepat di bawah lapisan epitelium terdapat rangkaian sel-sel imun yang sentiasa bersedia. Ia bertindak sebagai barisan pertahanan terakhir, meneutralkan sebarang penceroboh yang berjaya melepasi dua lapisan pertama.</p></li></ol><p>Sistem ini membenarkan nutrien penting melaluinya sambil menghalang bahan berbahaya. <strong>Kebolehtelapan</strong> adalah satu ciri normal dan penting, bukan satu kecacatan.</p><h2>Antara Mitos dan Realiti: Bila Penghadang Usus Benar-Benar Terjejas</h2><p>Walaupun komuniti perubatan tak terima LGS sebagai satu diagnosis, peningkatan kebolehtelapan usus adalah satu fenomena sebenar yang diperhatikan dalam penyakit-penyakit <em>tertentu</em>. Perbezaan utamanya terletak pada hubungan sebab dan akibat.</p><p>Berikut adalah perbandingan dakwaan popular dengan penemuan saintifik:</p><h4>Dakwaan Popular</h4><ul><li><p>Usus bocor adalah <strong>punca</strong> kepada pelbagai penyakit seperti fibromyalgia, keletihan kronik, alahan, dan autisme.</p></li><li><p>Sesiapa sahaja boleh menghidapinya akibat stres atau pemakanan.</p></li></ul><h4>Dapatan Kajian Saintifik</h4><ul><li><p>Peningkatan kebolehtelapan usus adalah <strong>akibat atau gejala sampingan</strong> bagi beberapa penyakit spesifik seperti Penyakit Celiac, Penyakit Radang Usus (IBD), HIV/AIDS, dan Sindrom Rengsa Usus (IBS).</p></li><li><p>Bukti menunjukkan ia adalah akibat daripada proses keradangan atau penyakit sedia ada, bukan punca utama masalah kesihatan yang tidak berkaitan.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%210P0Q%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%210P0Q%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:407890,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/186493446?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P0Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad9f5c8-d98a-4557-b699-787407dc704e_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Idea bahawa kebolehtelapan adalah akibat, bukan punca, diperkukuhkan lagi oleh kajian haiwan. Dapatan kajian-kajian haiwan makmal menunjukkan mereka mempunyai ralat genetik yang menjadikan penghadang usus mereka &#8220;bocor&#8221; <strong>tanpa menghidap penyakit sebagai akibatnya</strong>.</p><p>Ini menunjukkan bahawa &#8220;kebocoran&#8221; itu sendiri bukanlah penyebab kepada penyakit. Ia adalah <strong>gejala</strong>.</p><p>Jadi, jika saintis bersetuju bahawa kebolehtelapan usus wujud, mengapa LGS masih menjadi topik perdebatan yang hangat?</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/habit-tracker-the-aufthority-20&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Dapatkan Habit Tracker The Aufthority&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhabit-tracker-the-aufthority-20"><span>Dapatkan Habit Tracker The Aufthority</span></a></p><h2>Punca Perdebatan: Standard Rawatan Klinikal</h2><p>Perdebatan ini bukan tentang menafikan penderitaan atau simptom pesakit. Sebaliknya, ia adalah mengenai <strong>piawaian bukti</strong> yang diperlukan untuk membuat diagnosis yang sah.</p><p>Komuniti perubatan memerlukan ujian yang disahkan dan boleh dipercayai sebelum menerima sesuatu keadaan sebagai diagnosis rasmi. Malangnya, kaedah yang sering digunakan untuk &#8220;mendiagnosis&#8221; sindrom usus bocor tidak penuhi piawaian ini.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21i4-d%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21i4-d%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i4-d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe403eb94-4954-49e2-a637-2f50aec6dcc9_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Berikut adalah beberapa kaedah ujian yang sering digunakan dan sebab mengapa ia dianggap tidak boleh dipercayai:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ujian Simptom:</strong> Mendiagnosis berdasarkan simptom semata-mata adalah mustahil. Simptom seperti kembung perut, keletihan, dan sakit kepala adalah sangat <strong>tidak spesifik</strong> dan boleh disebabkan oleh puluhan keadaan perubatan lain, daripada masalah tiroid hingga kemurungan.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ujian Darah (cth., Zonulin):</strong> Ujian darah yang mengukur protein bernama zonulin sering dipasarkan sebagai penanda &#8220;usus bocor.&#8221; Walau bagaimanapun, kajian saintifik menunjukkan bahawa ujian ini mempunyai <strong>kelemahan metodologi yang serius</strong> dan keputusannya tidak berkorelasi secara konsisten dengan keadaan penyakit.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ujian Najis:</strong> Pelbagai syarikat perubatan alternatif menawarkan ujian najis terus kepada pengguna. Ujian ini <strong>tidak dikawal selia</strong> dan kekurangan bukti saintifik yang kukuh untuk menyokong penggunaannya bagi mendiagnosis kebolehtelapan usus.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ujian Laktulosa-Mannitol:</strong> Ujian ini melibatkan meminum larutan gula dan mengukur nisbahnya dalam air kencing. Walaupun ia digunakan dalam penyelidikan, ujian ini dikritik kerana <strong>kurang spesifik dan kesahihannya terhad</strong> untuk kegunaan klinikal bagi mendiagnosis pesakit secara individu.</p></li></ul><p>Tanpa alat diagnostik yang disahkan dan boleh dipercayai, &#8220;sindrom usus bocor&#8221; tidak boleh diterima sebagai diagnosis perubatan rasmi. Inilah sebab asas mengapa ia kekal dalam alam kesihatan alternatif dan bukannya perubatan klinikal.</p><h2>Bagaimana Berfikir Secara Kritis Tanpa Menafikan Penderitaan</h2><p>Adalah penting untuk mengiktiraf kekecewaan yang dirasai oleh ramai pesakit. Apabila anda mengalami simptom kronik yang menjejaskan kualiti hidup, dan sistem penjagaan kesihatan konvensional gagal memberikan jawapan, adalah wajar untuk mencari penjelasan di tempat lain.</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Farticles%2FPMC11345991%2F">Pertimbangkan kes sebenar seorang wanita berusia 42 tahun yang dilaporkan dalam sebuah jurnal perubatan</a>.</p><p>Beliau mengalami sakit perut, kembung dan cirit-birit yang kronik selama dua tahun. Seorang pengamal naturopati telah mendiagnosisnya dengan &#8220;sindrom usus bocor&#8221; berdasarkan simptom dan sampel najis.</p><p>Namun, wanita itu, yang merupakan seorang bekas pakar diet, mendapatkan pandangan kedua. Selepas penilaian lanjut oleh pakar gastroenterologi, beliau didiagnosis dengan <strong>Sindrom Rengsa Usus dengan Cirit-birit (IBS-D)</strong>, satu keadaan perubatan yang diiktiraf.</p><p>Beliau menerima rawatan yang terbukti berkesan untuk IBS-D&#8212;termasuk <strong>diet rendah serat</strong> dan ubat-ubatan seperti amitriptyline dan alosetron&#8212;dan simptomnya hampir pulih sepenuhnya. Kisah ini menunjukkan mengapa mendapatkan diagnosis yang betul adalah sangat penting.</p><p>Berikut adalah beberapa langkah praktikal yang berteraskan pemikiran kritis:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Fokus pada Diagnosis yang Terbukti:</strong> Daripada membuat kesimpulan sendiri berdasarkan diagnosis yang samar-samar, bekerjalah dengan profesional perubatan untuk menolak atau mengesahkan keadaan yang diketahui. Seperti dalam kajian kes tadi, diagnosis yang tepat membawa kepada rawatan yang berkesan.</p></li><li><p><strong>Berhati-hati dengan &#8220;Penyelesaian&#8221; Mudah:</strong> Bersikap skeptikal terhadap sesiapa yang menjual &#8220;penawar&#8221; <strong>tunggal</strong> untuk pelbagai masalah. Rawatan yang tidak terbukti, suplemen yang mahal, dan diet yang terlalu ketat (seperti pendekatan &#8220;4R&#8221;) selalunya tidak disokong oleh bukti yang kukuh dan boleh membahayakan jika dilakukan tanpa pengawasan perubatan.</p></li><li><p><strong>Amalkan Kesihatan Usus Secara Umum:</strong> Terdapat amalan berasaskan bukti yang menyokong fungsi penghadang usus yang sihat untuk <em>semua orang</em>. Ini termasuk mengambil <strong>diet tinggi serat</strong> (daripada buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, dan kekacang) dan <strong>mengurangkan pengambilan alkohol</strong>. Anggaplah ini sebagai nasihat kesihatan umum yang baik. Penting untuk diingat bahawa walaupun diet tinggi serat bermanfaat untuk populasi umum, keadaan perubatan tertentu memerlukan nasihat yang khusus. Seperti yang dilihat dalam kajian kes, keadaan seperti IBS-D selalunya dirawat dengan diet <em>rendah serat</em> atau rendah FODMAP di bawah pengawasan perubatan. Ini menekankan betapa pentingnya menerima diagnosis yang tepat sebelum membuat perubahan diet yang drastik.</p></li></ol><p>Dengan memisahkan simptom yang nyata daripada penjelasan yang tidak terbukti, kita boleh kembali kepada realiti dengan pemahaman yang lebih jelas.</p><h2>Keluar dari Limbo; Kembali ke Realiti</h2><p>Seperti idea yang ditanam dalam mimpi <em>Inception</em>, &#8220;sindrom usus bocor&#8221; adalah satu konsep yang menarik dan meyakinkan. Ia menawarkan keteraturan dalam kekacauan dan memberikan harapan kepada mereka yang menderita. Namun, apabila kita &#8220;bangun&#8221; dan memeriksa bukti saintifik dengan teliti, kita mendapati realiti yang lebih bernuansa.</p><p>Peningkatan kebolehtelapan usus adalah fenomena fisiologi yang sebenar dan relevan dalam penyakit tertentu seperti Penyakit Seliak dan IBD. Walau bagaimanapun, &#8220;sindrom usus bocor&#8221; sebagai satu diagnosis menyeluruh yang menjadi punca kepada pelbagai penyakit lain tidak disokong oleh bukti saintifik yang kukuh. Dan seperti apa yang berlaku kepada watak Mal dalam filem <em>Inception</em>, rawatan berdasarkan idea yang palsu boleh membawa padah.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21AaLG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AaLG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cbad427-aee8-4ce4-93ce-90cc06843913_1920x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Mal lakonan Marion Cotillard. Gambar ihsan Warner Bros.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Mesej utamanya <strong>bukanlah untuk menolak kebenaran simptom</strong> seseorang, tetapi untuk menggalakkan pemikiran kritis. Adalah penting untuk menunjukkan empati kepada mereka yang sedang menderita sambil berpegang teguh kepada piawaian bukti. Dalam menguruskan kesihatan kita, membezakan antara naratif yang menarik dengan realiti yang berasaskan bukti adalah langkah pertama ke arah kesejahteraan yang sebenar.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe untuk join perjuangan The Aufthority mendidik berdasarkan dapatan kajian saintifik</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Atau donate untuk sokong!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbuymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Atau donate untuk sokong!</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Bacaan lanjut:</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Aleman, R. S., Moncada, M., &amp; Aryana, K. J. (2023).</strong> Leaky gut and the ingredients that help treat it: A review. <strong>Molecules</strong>, <strong>28</strong>(2), Article 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020619</p></li><li><p><strong>Camilleri, M. (2019).</strong> The leaky gut: Mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans. <strong>Gut</strong>, <strong>68</strong>(8), 1516&#8211;1526. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318427</p></li><li><p><strong>Jarry, J. (2024, February 23).</strong> <em>You probably don&#8217;t have a leaky gut</em>. <strong>McGill University Office for Science and Society</strong>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lacy, B. E., Wise, J. L., &amp; Cangemi, D. J. (2024).</strong> Leaky gut syndrome: Myths and management. <strong>Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology</strong>, <strong>20</strong>(5), 264&#8211;271.</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mengapa Senggugut Sebabkan Sakit Belakang dan Cara Mengurusnya]]></title><description><![CDATA[Memahami dismenorea (senggugut), lower back pain dari kajian saintifik ke atas wanita-wanita Malaysia.]]></description><link>https://aufthority.substack.com/p/mengapa-senggugut-menyebabkan-sakit</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://aufthority.substack.com/p/mengapa-senggugut-menyebabkan-sakit</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Auf Ali]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 01:33:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213yTk%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213yTk%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213yTk%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg" width="1080" height="565" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:565,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:161725,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3yTk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76b296e5-76d1-4bcd-9a06-aa41d6014c2f_1080x565.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40europeana">Europeana</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Pernah kejang bahagian bawah perut semasa haid, yang kadangkala terasa sangat kuat sehingga merebak ke bahagian bawah belakang? Jika ya, anda tidak keseorangan. Keadaan ini dikenali secara perubatan sebagai <em>dismenorea</em>, iaitu kesakitan akibat kekejangan rahim yang berlaku semasa haid. Artikel ini akan menerangkan apa itu dismenorea, mengapa ia menyebabkan sakit belakang, dan yang paling penting, berkongsi petua-petua praktikal untuk melegakan dan mencegahnya, berdasarkan penemuan kajian saintifik.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe The Aufthority untuk join perjuangan pendidikan kesihatan berdasarkan kajian sains!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>1. Apakah Itu Dismenorea?</h3><p>Dismenorea, atau lebih dikenali sebagai <strong>senggugut</strong> atau <em>period pain</em>, adalah istilah perubatan untuk kesakitan rahim yang teruk semasa menstruasi. Ia bukanlah sesuatu yang luar biasa; malah, ia adalah satu keadaan ginekologi yang sangat lazim dan menjejaskan lebih 40% wanita di seluruh dunia, menjadikannya salah satu punca utama ketidakhadiran di sekolah dan tempat kerja.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214ckt%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214ckt%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4ckt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff119ad9e-1749-477e-8edc-473ec1d14588_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Jika anda merasakan senggugut adalah masalah yang sangat biasa di Malaysia, anda betul. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38010360%2F">Satu kajian di Kuala Lumpur</a> menunjukkan bahawa prevalens atau kadar kelaziman dismenorea adalah setinggi <strong>73.2%</strong>. Ini bermakna hampir 3 daripada 4 wanita di Malaysia mengalaminya, mengesahkan bahawa pengalaman anda dikongsi oleh ramai lagi.</p><p>Sekarang kita tahu betapa biasanya keadaan ini, mari kita fahami mengapa ia berlaku.</p><h3>2. Mengapa Ia Menyakitkan? Punca Sebenar Sakit Senggugut dan Sakit Belakang</h3><p>Kesakitan senggugut yang teruk bukanlah sekadar &#8220;rasa tidak selesa&#8221;, tetapi satu proses biologi yang nyata. Ia boleh difahami sebagai satu &#8220;rentetan kesakitan&#8221; (<em>pain cascade</em>) yang dicetuskan oleh sebatian kimia seperti hormon yang dipanggil <strong>prostaglandin</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mZun%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mZun%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZun!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90772e55-2f94-4598-b2e5-7c86361c7730_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F17448069251360092">Kyatanahalli et al. (2025)</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Berikut adalah apa yang berlaku langkah demi langkah:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Penurunan Hormon:</strong> Pada penghujung kitaran haid, paras hormon progesteron menurun. Ini memberi isyarat kepada rahim untuk meluruhkan lapisannya (endometrium).</p></li><li><p><strong>Pembebasan Prostaglandin:</strong> Apabila lapisan rahim luruh, sel-sel endometrium yang hancur akan melepaskan sejumlah besar prostaglandin (khususnya PGF2a).</p></li><li><p><strong>Pengecutan Rahim yang Kuat:</strong> Tahap prostaglandin yang tinggi ini menyebabkan otot-otot rahim mengecut dengan sangat kuat untuk menyingkirkan lapisan tersebut.</p></li><li><p><strong>Kekurangan Oksigen (Iskemia):</strong> Pengecutan yang berlebihan ini menekan saluran darah di sekeliling rahim, mengurangkan aliran darah dan bekalan oksigen ke otot rahim. Keadaan ini dikenali sebagai <em>uterine ischemia</em>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Isyarat Kesakitan Tercetus:</strong> Kekurangan oksigen inilah yang mencetuskan isyarat kesakitan yang tajam dan teruk. Proses ini sangat mirip dengan apa yang berlaku semasa serangan jantung; ia boleh dianggap sebagai <strong>&#8220;angina rahim&#8221;</strong>. Sama seperti kekurangan aliran darah yang menyebabkan sakit dada (angina) pada otot jantung, ia juga menyebabkan kesakitan pada otot rahim atas sebab yang sama.</p></li><li><p><strong>Kesakitan Merebak:</strong> Kesakitan kekejangan yang kuat ini tidak terhad pada perut sahaja. Ia boleh merebak atau &#8220;memancar&#8221; (<em>radiate</em>) ke kawasan lain, terutamanya <strong>bahagian bawah belakang dan paha.</strong></p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212Zfq%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F7f35f30b-aed9-4e8e-90ea-1238484fe76f_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Zfq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f35f30b-aed9-4e8e-90ea-1238484fe76f_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/mengapa-senggugut-menyebabkan-sakit?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Rasa artikel ni menarik &amp; bermanfaat? Kongsi kepada orang tersayang anda.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/p/mengapa-senggugut-menyebabkan-sakit?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Faufthority.substack.com%2Fp%2Fmengapa-senggugut-menyebabkan-sakit%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><p>Kesakitan ini bukan sahaja terhad pada perut, dan ia sering disertai oleh beberapa simptom lain.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21UC7F%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21UC7F%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:297970,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/186413869?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UC7F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feef1d2a3-4b09-4886-9462-fb9aac6d57c4_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3. Simptom-Simptom Biasa: Bukan Sekadar Kekejangan</h3><p>Dismenorea lebih daripada sekadar kekejangan perut. Ramai wanita mengalami pelbagai simptom lain yang turut menjejaskan keselesaan dan aktiviti harian mereka.</p><p>Berikut adalah simptom-simptom yang paling biasa dilaporkan, disusun mengikut kekerapan:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Sakit belakang</strong> (<em>Lower back pain</em>)</p></li><li><p>Kekejangan abdomen (<em>Abdominal cramps</em>)</p></li><li><p>Ketidakselesaan payudara (<em>Breast discomfort</em>)</p></li><li><p>Keletihan dan kelesuan (<em>Malaise and fatigue</em>)</p></li><li><p>Sakit kepala atau migrain (<em>Headache or migraines</em>)</p></li><li><p>Loya dan muntah (<em>Nausea and vomiting</em>)</p></li><li><p>Cirit-birit (<em>Diarrhea</em>)</p></li></ul><p>Dalam satu kajian yang melibatkan wanita Malaysia, <strong>sakit belakang</strong> adalah simptom yang paling kerap dilaporkan, dialami oleh <strong>65.2%</strong> responden, diikuti oleh kekejangan abdomen (57.7%). Ini menunjukkan bahawa sakit belakang adalah sebahagian utama daripada pengalaman senggugut bagi majoriti wanita di Malaysia.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%217tnd%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%217tnd%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7tnd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ed34e77-d168-4ac5-8156-037478db03af_1834x1024.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38010360%2F">Rana Mohamad Bakro et al. (2023)</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Mengetahui simptom-simptom ini adalah penting, tetapi siapa yang lebih cenderung untuk mengalaminya?</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://buymeacoffee.com/aufali&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Donate untuk sokong The Aufthority!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbuymeacoffee.com%2Faufali"><span>Donate untuk sokong The Aufthority!</span></a></p><h3>4. Siapakah yang Berisiko Mengalami Dismenorea?</h3><p>Walaupun sesiapa sahaja boleh mengalami senggugut, beberapa faktor telah dikenal pasti meningkatkan risiko seseorang untuk mengalami dismenorea yang lebih teruk. Walaupun banyak faktor terlibat, kajian tempatan di Malaysia telah mengesahkan beberapa kaitan yang kuat.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21cWEj%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21cWEj%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:258410,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/186413869?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cWEj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c9a541-667f-40eb-afed-c8cc5f857ea7_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Faktor-faktor risiko ini termasuk:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Sejarah Keluarga:</strong> Mempunyai ibu atau kakak yang juga mengalami dismenorea meningkatkan kecenderungan anda untuk mengalaminya. Kajian di Kuala Lumpur mendapati bahawa faktor ini mempunyai kaitan yang <strong>signifikan secara statistik</strong> (p = 0.002) dengan senggugut.</p></li><li><p><strong>Menarche Awal:</strong> Mula datang haid pada usia yang muda adalah satu lagi faktor risiko yang dikenal pasti.</p></li><li><p><strong>Faktor Gaya Hidup:</strong> Merokok dan tahap stres yang tinggi telah dikaitkan secara konsisten dengan senggugut yang lebih teruk.</p></li><li><p><strong>Status Sosioekonomi:</strong> Kajian tempatan yang sama juga mendapati bahawa pendapatan bulanan keluarga yang lebih rendah mempunyai kaitan yang <strong>signifikan secara statistik</strong> (p = 0.001) dengan prevalens dismenorea yang lebih tinggi.</p></li></ul><p>Walaupun sesetengah faktor risiko ini tidak dapat kita kawal, terdapat banyak langkah praktikal yang boleh anda ambil untuk menguruskan kesakitan.</p><h3>5. Mencari Kelegaan: Petua Berkesan untuk Sakit Belakang Akibat Senggugut</h3><p>Menguruskan senggugut dan sakit belakang yang berkaitan dengannya melibatkan gabungan strategi bantuan segera dan amalan pencegahan jangka panjang.</p><h4>5.1. Bantuan Segera: Apa yang Perlu Dilakukan Semasa Sakit</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21zJY3%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21zJY3%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/db5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:309156,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/186413869?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zJY3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb5c8cfb-cb12-4675-9496-fe9525609b6e_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Apabila kesakitan melanda, berikut adalah beberapa langkah yang boleh anda cuba untuk kelegaan segera:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Gunakan Haba:</strong> Letakkan pek pemanas (<em>heating pad</em>) atau botol air panas di bahagian bawah perut atau bawah belakang. Mandi air panas juga boleh membantu melegakan otot yang tegang.</p></li></ul><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://s.shopee.com.my/2VluwJWdnM&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beli heating patch sini!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fs.shopee.com.my%2F2VluwJWdnM"><span>Beli heating patch sini!</span></a></p><ul><li><p><strong>Berehat:</strong> Berbaring atau tidur seketika boleh membantu mengurangkan ketidakselesaan.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ubat Tahan Sakit (NSAID):</strong> Ubat Anti-Radang Bukan Steroid (<em>Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs</em> atau NSAID) seperti ibuprofen sangat berkesan kerana ia bertindak dengan menyasarkan dan mengurangkan pengeluaran prostaglandin, iaitu punca utama kesakitan. Secara ringkasnya, jika prostaglandin adalah &#8216;bahan api&#8217; untuk kesakitan senggugut, NSAID bertindak untuk &#8216;memotong bekalan bahan api&#8217; tersebut.</p></li><li><p><strong>Alihkan Perhatian:</strong> Lakukan aktiviti ringan yang anda gemari, seperti mendengar muzik atau menonton TV, untuk mengalihkan fokus anda daripada kesakitan.</p></li></ul><h4>5.2. Pencegahan Jangka Panjang: Mengamalkan Gaya Hidup Sihat</h4><p>Mengamalkan tabiat sihat secara konsisten boleh membantu mengurangkan keterukan senggugut pada masa akan datang.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21hbCA%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21hbCA%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:262945,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://aufthority.substack.com/i/186413869?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hbCA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fcb98f-15d3-4b85-952c-4bd65dded45b_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37174831%2F">Naraoka et al. (2023)</a></figcaption></figure></div><ul><li><p><strong>Tingkatkan Ambilan Ikan dalam Diet:</strong> Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengambilan ikan dikaitkan dengan kesakitan haid yang kurang teruk. Ini kerana ikan kaya dengan nutrien penting seperti Vitamin D dan Vitamin B12, yang dipercayai memainkan peranan dalam mengurangkan proses keradangan yang menyebabkan kesakitan.</p></li></ul><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://s.shopee.com.my/gKGlb3sWR&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beli Totaria Vitamin B Complex sini!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fs.shopee.com.my%2FgKGlb3sWR"><span>Beli Totaria Vitamin B Complex sini!</span></a></p><ul><li><p><strong>Kurangkan Gula Tambahan:</strong> Pengambilan gula yang tinggi, seperti dalam minuman manis atau manisan, didapati berkaitan dengan kesakitan haid yang lebih teruk. Mengurangkan gula dalam diet anda mungkin membantu mengurangkan senggugut.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pertimbangkan Ambilan Herba:</strong> Penggunaan herba seperti halia dan kayu manis adalah amalan biasa dalam perubatan tradisional untuk membantu melegakan senggugut dan boleh dipertimbangkan sebagai sebahagian daripada pelan pengurusan anda.</p></li><li><p><strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37174831%2F">Jangan Tinggal Sarapan</a>:</strong> Mengambil sarapan secara tetap dikaitkan dengan kesakitan yang kurang teruk. Sarapan membantu mengawal suhu badan. Mengekalkan suhu teras badan yang stabil dapat membantu mencegah iskemia (kekurangan oksigen) pada otot rahim yang memburukkan lagi kekejangan.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bersenam Secara Berkala:</strong> Senaman yang kerap adalah salah satu amalan yang paling umum dan berkesan untuk menguruskan dismenorea. Ia membantu meningkatkan aliran darah dan melepaskan endorfin, iaitu ubat penahan sakit semula jadi badan.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pakai Pakaian Selesa:</strong> Semasa haid, pilih pakaian yang longgar dan selesa berbanding seluar jeans atau pakaian ketat yang boleh memberi tekanan pada bahagian perut dan memburukkan lagi ketidakselesaan.</p></li></ul><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://s.shopee.com.my/8zzOgzG31g&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Beli Totaria Fish Oil Capsules sini!&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fs.shopee.com.my%2F8zzOgzG31g"><span>Beli Totaria Fish Oil Capsules sini!</span></a></p><p>Dengan mengamalkan petua-petua ini, anda boleh memainkan peranan aktif dalam menguruskan keselesaan anda setiap bulan.</p><h3>6. Kesimpulan: Anda Mampu Mengawal Keselesaan Anda</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21DoSz%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21DoSz%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DoSz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed8ae87a-ebae-406f-824d-7add5ec2868a_1834x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dismenorea, termasuk sakit belakang yang sering mengiringinya, adalah satu keadaan perubatan yang benar dan lazim, disebabkan oleh tindak balas kimia prostaglandin di dalam badan. Namun, ia bukanlah sesuatu yang perlu anda tanggung dalam diam.</p><p>Dengan memahami punca sebenar kesakitan dan mengamalkan strategi kelegaan yang betul serta perubahan gaya hidup yang sihat, anda boleh mengurangkan impaknya dengan ketara dan meningkatkan kualiti hidup anda.</p><p>Jika kesakitan anda sangat teruk, menjejaskan keupayaan anda untuk melakukan aktiviti harian, atau tidak bertambah baik dengan langkah-langkah di atas, adalah penting untuk <strong>berunding dengan doktor atau ahli farmasi</strong>. Mereka boleh membantu memastikan tiada masalah kesihatan lain yang menjadi puncanya dan menasihati anda tentang pilihan rawatan yang terbaik. Memahami badan anda adalah langkah pertama untuk menjadi peguam bela terbaik bagi kesihatan anda sendiri. Jangan teragak-agak untuk berbincang dengan profesional kesihatan dan mencari pelan yang terbaik untuk anda.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Bacaan lanjut:</h3><ul><li><p>Assessment of prevalence, knowledge and health-related practices of dysmenorrhea among Malaysian women in Kuala Lumpur: a cross-sectional survey</p></li><li><p>Severity of Menstrual Pain Is Associated with Nutritional Intake and Lifestyle Habits</p></li><li><p>Seeking the root causes of menstrual pain: A systematic review of biomarkers in menstrual effluent</p></li><li><p>Heat therapy for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effects on pain relief and quality of life</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>