<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Flat Circle History]]></title><description><![CDATA[Flat Circle History is a documentary-style video series that explores hypothetical near-future conflicts.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GZ-G!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F932e6ea7-cc7e-45b8-943a-285373a9b55a_600x600.png</url><title>Flat Circle History</title><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 15:09:03 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Ffeed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[flatcirclehistory@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[flatcirclehistory@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[flatcirclehistory@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[flatcirclehistory@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 24 Update and What I'm Reading]]></title><description><![CDATA[Filming is plugging along.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-24-update-and-what-im-reading</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-24-update-and-what-im-reading</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2026 17:02:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2e4ee3-b7c4-4121-8e7e-49d000adc8c4_3840x2160.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Filming is plugging along. As always, some things go quickly, others not so much. Spent 1.5 days on a single scene that I had to eventually scrap and re-do because ARMA3 would not allow something as simple (seemingly) as a UGV drone moving down a narrow street without either a) refusing to go, b) driving off in another direction, c) running over the people the UGV was meant to protect, or d) all of the above.</p><div class="native-video-embed" data-component-name="VideoPlaceholder" data-attrs="{&quot;mediaUploadId&quot;:&quot;836cf9b7-a635-4d35-a483-21666d069943&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:null}"></div><p>But, some scenes went flawlessly, like this attached B-21 Raider attack run. </p><p>Onward and upward. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><h1>What I&#8217;m Reading</h1><p>As always, this is a mere sample. </p><ul><li><p>A Ukrainian soldier severed his own foot to survive. Then came a dramatic rescue.</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fgraphics%2FUKRAINE-CRISIS%2FDRONE-RESCUE%2Fznvngmqxzpl%2F">https://www.reuters.com/graphics/UKRAINE-CRISIS/DRONE-RESCUE/znvngmqxzpl/</a></p><p><em>If you have a Reuters account (thank you Patreon members!), this is a stunning read. Not only of it detailing the first known instance of a heavy drone air-lifting a wounded soldier from behind the lines (accompanied by anti-drone drones), but what that soldier endured and did to survive. It&#8217;s hard to wrap my head around.</em></p></li><li><p>The New Subterranean Front</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fnational-security%2F2026%2F10%2Fukraine-war-gas-pipelines-russia%2F689105%2F">https://www.theatlantic.com/national-security/2026/10/ukraine-war-gas-pipelines-russia/689105/</a></p><p><em>A fascinating story about the infantry fighting taking place in the gas pipelines of Ukraine</em></p></li><li><p>&#8220;Our Screens Lit Up&#8221;: Shooting Down SCUDs Over Riyadh In The Gulf War</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westpointcoh.org%2Finterviews%2Four-screens-lit-up-shooting-down-scuds-over-riyadh-in-the-gulf-war">https://www.westpointcoh.org/interviews/our-screens-lit-up-shooting-down-scuds-over-riyadh-in-the-gulf-war</a></p><p><em>A very interesting first-person interview - as I was looking for insight into personal air defense experiences.</em></p><p></p></li></ul><p>Drone-Related Articles:</p><ul><li><p>Drones Are Creating New Opportunities For The U.S. Army To Deceive Its Enemies</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twz.com%2Fnews-features%2Fdrones-are-creating-new-opportunities-for-the-u-s-army-to-deceive-its-enemies">https://www.twz.com/news-features/drones-are-creating-new-opportunities-for-the-u-s-army-to-deceive-its-enemies</a></p></li><li><p>Episode 128: The Future of War: How Autonomous Systems Are Reshaping Conflict</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusi.org%2Fpublication%2Fepisode-128-future-war-how-autonomous-systems-are-reshaping-conflict">https://www.rusi.org/publication/episode-128-future-war-how-autonomous-systems-are-reshaping-conflict</a></p></li></ul><p>Space-Related Related:</p><ul><li><p>The Space Force Showed Us Its Weapons Used in Iran and Venezuela | WSJ Equipped</p><div id="youtube2-DMXtPMDJP-4" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;DMXtPMDJP-4&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FDMXtPMDJP-4%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div></li><li><p>New Space Force EW Unit Pairs Multiple Weapon Systems in a First</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airandspaceforces.com%2Fnew-space-force-ew-unit-meadowlands-bounty-hunter%2F">https://www.airandspaceforces.com/new-space-force-ew-unit-meadowlands-bounty-hunter/</a></p></li><li><p>Space war 2040: SPACECOM preps for attacks on ground segments, eyes cislunar ops</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbreakingdefense.com%2F2026%2F08%2Fspace-war-2040-spacecom-preps-for-attacks-on-ground-segments-eyes-cislunar-ops%2F">https://breakingdefense.com/2026/08/space-war-2040-spacecom-preps-for-attacks-on-ground-segments-eyes-cislunar-ops/</a></p></li></ul><p></p><p>More soon! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-24-update-and-what-im-reading?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fp%2Fepisode-24-update-and-what-im-reading%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 24 Update and What I’m Researching]]></title><description><![CDATA[A quick update on the progress of episode 24, and the research going into this and future episodes!]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-24-update-and-what-im-researching</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-24-update-and-what-im-researching</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 19:08:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%211DPp%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1>Episode 24 Update</h1><p>The first draft of episode 24 is complete! I spent a tremendous amount of time researching the fight at Kaohsiung, the challenges for both sides, and what kind of operations the US would be capable of conducting in those first 4 days. Some of that research brought surprising results. Did you know that there are subways in Kaohsiung? I did not. 65 feet down. Adds quite a wrinkle to the urban fighting that will be taking place in the city. The script is out for copyediting and review by some of my Subject Matter Experts. I&#8217;m now roughing out the storyline and I will be meeting with Lew to plan out the animation work.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><h1>What I&#8217;m Reading / Listening / Watching</h1><p>This is just a few that I flagged for mention. In no particular order. Some are related to episode 24. Others for far-distant episodes:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%211DPp%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%211DPp%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg" width="910" height="568" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:568,&quot;width&quot;:910,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38804,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/218684823?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1DPp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb64a7741-cf22-491b-a32c-220320a48c05_910x568.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3>The Future of War: How Autonomous Systems Are Reshaping Conflict</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusi.org%2Fpublication%2Fepisode-128-future-war-how-autonomous-systems-are-reshaping-conflict">https://www.rusi.org/publication/episode-128-future-war-how-autonomous-systems-are-reshaping-conflict</a></p><p><em>A RUSI article</em></p><p></p><h3>Russia Wasn&#8217;t Ready For This Operation</h3><div id="youtube2-iauv7plhosE" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;iauv7plhosE&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2Fiauv7plhosE%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p><em>Youtube. How Ukraine is changing the ground fight</em></p><p></p><h3>The Evolving Role Of Ukraine&#8217;s Artillery In The Age Of Drones</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twz.com%2Fnews-features%2Fthe-evolving-role-of-ukraines-artillery-in-the-age-of-drones">https://www.twz.com/news-features/the-evolving-role-of-ukraines-artillery-in-the-age-of-drones</a></p><p><em>The War Zone article</em></p><p></p><h3>Epic Fury&#8217;s Lessons for the PLA</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fovercast.fm%2F%2BABJV6wUja28">https://overcast.fm/+ABJV6wUja28</a></p><p><em>USNI The Proceedings Podcast Podcast</em></p><p></p><h3>Underground Warfare 101</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fovercast.fm%2F%2BAA_H7QqaKMY">https://overcast.fm/+AA_H7QqaKMY</a></p><p><em>A Urban Warfare Project Podcast</em></p><p></p><h3>Logistics, Landpower, and Large-Scale Combat</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmwi.westpoint.edu%2Fmwi-podcast-logistics-landpower-and-large-scale-combat%2F">https://mwi.westpoint.edu/mwi-podcast-logistics-landpower-and-large-scale-combat/</a></p><p><em>Modern War Institute Podcast</em></p><p></p><h3>US Navy should target carriers in fight with China, report says</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-military%2F2026%2F09%2F17%2Fus-navy-should-target-chinese-aircraft-carriers-report-says%2F">https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2026/09/17/us-navy-should-target-chinese-aircraft-carriers-report-says/</a></p><p><em>A Military Times Article</em></p><p></p><h3>What if American Went Completely Dark?</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2026%2F08%2F18%2Fmagazine%2Fnational-blackout-power-electricity-outage.html%3Funlocked_article_code%3D1.F1E.lPaN.gPGsB4qxDr7d%26amp%3Bsmid%3Durl-share">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/18/magazine/national-blackout-power-electricity-outage.html?unlocked_article_code=1.F1E.lPaN.gPGsB4qxDr7d&amp;smid=url-share</a></p><p><em>A New York Times article</em></p><p></p><h3>How Drone Detection Is Evolving To Counter Smaller, Faster, And Swarm Threats</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twz.com%2Fsponsored-content%2Fhow-drone-detection-is-evolving-to-counter-smaller-faster-and-swarm-threats">https://www.twz.com/sponsored-content/how-drone-detection-is-evolving-to-counter-smaller-faster-and-swarm-threats</a></p><p><em>The War Zone article</em></p><p></p><h3>The Coming Blitzkrieg: Adapting Armored Formations for the Future of Warfare</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armyupress.army.mil%2FJournals%2FMilitary-Review%2FOnline-Exclusive%2F2025-OLE%2FThe-Coming-Blitzkrieg%2F">https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/Online-Exclusive/2025-OLE/The-Coming-Blitzkrieg/</a></p><p><em>Army University Press article</em></p><h3>2 minutes &#8216;to succeed or fail&#8217;: 44 US soldiers stayed at Al Udeid to intercept Iran&#8217;s missile barrage</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Ftheaters%2Fmiddle_east%2F2025-06-27%2Fus-iran-nuclear-bombing-18260158.html">https://www.stripes.com/theaters/middle_east/2025-06-27/us-iran-nuclear-bombing-18260158.html</a></p><p><em>Stars and Stripes article</em></p><p></p><h3>Air Defense Artillery Journal</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fndqsa.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F03%2FADA-Journal_October-2023.pdf_extract.pdf">https://ndqsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ADA-Journal_October-2023.pdf_extract.pdf</a></p><p><em>2023 Issue</em></p><p></p><h3>Hue 1968: A Turning Point of the American War in Vietnam</h3><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB071Y87H9H%3Flv%3Dshuf%26amp%3BchannelId%3D500%26amp%3Bref_%3DKC_GS_GB_US%26amp%3BplpRedirect%3DmhFallback">https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071Y87H9H?lv=shuf&amp;channelId=500&amp;ref_=KC_GS_GB_US&amp;plpRedirect=mhFallback</a></p><p>This is actually a re-read as I first read it back in 2019. I so wish my uncle-in-law was still alive to chat with him about this book, the series and everything and anything. An amazing guy. He served in the Marines at Khe Sanh. He died in 2022.</p><p></p><p>More updates soon!</p><p>John</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-24-update-and-what-im-researching?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fp%2Fepisode-24-update-and-what-im-researching%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 23: Breaching the Gate]]></title><description><![CDATA[The invasion of southern Taiwan begins. As Chinese airborne and amphibious assault brigades storm the shores, Taiwanese forces desperately battle to defend the city of Kaohsiung.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-23-breaching-the-gate</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-23-breaching-the-gate</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 19:55:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2Fi0o2_7LRbRM" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-i0o2_7LRbRM" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;i0o2_7LRbRM&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2Fi0o2_7LRbRM%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Episode Background:</h2><p>Months worth of research, multiple interviews with various Subject Matter Experts, and 6 drafts of the script went into creating this episode. If there was one key takeaway from the deluge of information gathered, it is this: the fight for Kaohsiung would be brutal, where the opening hours would essentially be both sides racing to seize (or eliminate) the bridges crossing the Gaoping and Linbian Rivers. The goal with this episode was to show the scale of the fight, and the immense challenges and dangers facing both the ROC and the PLA in the first 24 hours of the landings.</p><h2>Access the FCH War Room</h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the Flat Circle History War Room.</p><h2>Watch Episode 23, Commercial-Free</h2>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The FCH War Room 7-2-26]]></title><description><![CDATA[This week I&#8217;m on vacation but, as always, researching for current and future episodes. Here&#8217;s what I&#8217;m reading and listening to:]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/the-fch-war-room-7-2-26</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/the-fch-war-room-7-2-26</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 16:24:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21jC6t%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fovercast.fm%2F%2BAAW-H2W1Glk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21zc3Y%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg" width="370" height="370" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:840,&quot;width&quot;:840,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:370,&quot;bytes&quot;:62095,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://overcast.fm/+AAW-H2W1Glk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/204705022?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zc3Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68460371-ba0a-4783-aab9-8a173b095e86_840x840.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Source: CIMSEC</figcaption></figure></div><h2><span>Center for International Maritime Security podcast</span></h2><h2><span>Sea Control 606: The Growing Complexity of PLA Amphibious Exercises</span></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fovercast.fm%2F%2BAAW-H2W1Glk"><span>https://overcast.fm/+AAW-H2W1Glk</span></a></p><p><span>CIMSEC interviews Jason Wang and Marvin Bernardo about their recent report published by the Naval War College titled, &#8220;China Maritime Report #52: Everything Everywhere All At Once: The Growing Complexity of PLA Amphibious Exercises&#8221;.  It was a fascinating listen, detailing how the PLA is honing their amphibious operations skills, including the use of floating causeways, ROROs (roll-on, roll-off ships), and simulating obstacle avoidance during AFV landings.</span></p><p><span>The interview sold me. I had to read the report.</span></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital-commons.usnwc.edu%2Fcmsi-maritime-reports%2F52%2F" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21-BXV%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg" width="640" height="275" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:275,&quot;width&quot;:640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:244508,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/52/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/204705022?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BXV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2a4720b6-d579-4592-bc9a-e4d35132c0d0_640x275.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Source: US Naval War College</figcaption></figure></div><h2><span>US Naval War College</span></h2><h2><span>China Maritime Report #52: Everything Everywhere All At Once: The Growing Complexity of PLA Amphibious Exercises</span></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital-commons.usnwc.edu%2Fcmsi-maritime-reports%2F52%2F"><span>https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/52/</span></a></p><p><span>The report details a large-scale exercise the PLA carried out in August of 2025. It is incredibly in-depth and as mentioned in the Podcast, it feels like a peek into something classified, though all the information is open-source, including several commercial satellite images the authors purchased themselves.</span></p><p><span>The scope of the exercise is revealing, in that it stretched across approximately 360 kilometers of Chinese coastline (roughly the same distance from Taipei to Kaohsiung), with simulated beachheads that aligned with anticipated Taiwan landing sites.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21jC6t%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21jC6t%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg" width="926" height="481" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:481,&quot;width&quot;:926,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:97313,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/204705022?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jC6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87734c61-7889-41b1-a9f9-74529ecdacf6_926x481.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Source: US Naval War College</figcaption></figure></div><p><span>Also, as mentioned in the Podcast, you definitely want to read the Appendix at the end of the report, which provides a minute-by-minute timeline of the exercise. While reading it, I had a moment where I literally sputtered aloud, &#8220;holy shit.&#8221;</span></p><p><span>During the exercise, the PLA brought in 5 sections of floating causeways, each 70 meters in length via a semi-submersible barge. According to report&#8217;s timeline:</span></p><ul><li><p><span>0841 CST: Sections of the floating causeway begin to arrive at Shanwei West.</span></p></li><li><p><span>1004 CST A floating causeway system (COORD: 22.6914, 115.3941) was imaged at</span></p><p><span>02:04:46 hours approximately 2.7 kilometers west of Jiesheng Base.</span></p></li></ul><p><span>In approximately 1.5 hours, the PLA had the causeway assembled and in-place. That was my &#8216;holy shit&#8217; moment. I later messaged the info to one of my subject matter experts to verify I was understanding this correctly. That was confirmed. My SME cautioned, rightly, that this was surely under ideal conditions. Regardless, it&#8217;s both impressive and alarming.</span></p><p><span>Lastly, I was not aware until reading this report that there are &#8220;commercial&#8221; Chinese ROROs that can release vehicles well off-shore. That nugget of information took me here:</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmaritime-executive.com%2Feditorials%2Fchina-is-preparing-merchant-ro-ro-ferries-for-amphibious-warfare%2F" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21-BKG%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif" width="643" height="361" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:361,&quot;width&quot;:643,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:14658,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/avif&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/china-is-preparing-merchant-ro-ro-ferries-for-amphibious-warfare/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/204705022?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-BKG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9e82372f-8ce4-4f17-bc04-4cf3cf0e3048_643x361.avif 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Source: The Maritime Executive</figcaption></figure></div><h2><span>China is Preparing Merchant Ro-Ro Ferries for Amphibious Warfare</span></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmaritime-executive.com%2Feditorials%2Fchina-is-preparing-merchant-ro-ro-ferries-for-amphibious-warfare%2F"><span>https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/china-is-preparing-merchant-ro-ro-ferries-for-amphibious-warfare/</span></a></p><h1><span>EVENTS</span></h1><p><span>If you&#8217;re going to be at Oshkosh Airventure 2026 this year, look me up. Happy to grab a beer, have a chat and gawk at airplanes.</span></p><h1><span>EPISODE 23 UPDATE</span></h1><p><span>While on vacation, I&#8217;m taking time to finalize the script for episode 23. I had a major re-write after receiving feedback from my SMEs. And though the original intro scene (that I loved) was removed from ep23, it will get bumped to a future episode. I can&#8217;t say this enough, that the input I receive from my SMEs always makes the final script better. Love it.</span></p><p><span>My goal is to have the script ready by next week. Then, Lew and I will coordinate on the storyboard visuals.</span></p><p><span>More to come!</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 22: Into the Gauntlet]]></title><description><![CDATA[Chinese invasion forces make the perilous crossing of the Taiwan Strait for the final sprint to the beach.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-22-into-the-gauntlet</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-22-into-the-gauntlet</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2026 14:47:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2FypUIZYrGayI" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-ypUIZYrGayI" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;ypUIZYrGayI&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FypUIZYrGayI%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Background</h2><p>This specific episode has been well over a year in the planning. I can remember sitting with my laptop on vacation in Italy in October of 2024, reading think tank reports about what an invasion of Taiwan might look like. Dozens of hours of conversations with subject matter experts helped me refine the story and nail down plausible scenarios. Visually, my goal for this episode was to project the sheer mind-boggling scale of this operation, while the storytelling tells just how insanely complex, risky and dangerous a contested crossing of the strait would be. </p><h2>Access the FCH War Room</h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the Flat Circle History War Room.</p><h2>Watch Episode 22, Commercial-Free</h2>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The FCH War Room 5/28/26 ]]></title><description><![CDATA[What I&#8217;m reading, listening to and watching this week, as well as updates about next episodes.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/the-fch-war-room-52826</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/the-fch-war-room-52826</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 19:36:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21AV93%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1>Episode Research</h1><p>As work continues on episode 22, I am also wrapping up the script for episode 23. I (thought) I had that episode complete a few weeks ago, but once I put it in front of a few of my subject matter experts, they tore it to shreds. As the creator of this beast, I have to let any ego go when that happens. I consider myself more a reporter than a novelist or screenwriter here. I&#8217;m most interested in getting it right, and if that requires gutting whole sections of the script and starting over&#8230; so be it! All to make the story stronger.</p><p>Episode 23 is heavy in amphibious, airborne and urban fighting operations. To that end, here are a few articles and a podcast I&#8217;ve been consuming of late. Some, as you&#8217;ll see, are Taiwan-specific. Others are to gain some sensory feeling examples for armored warfare.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthedefensepost.com%2F2025%2F11%2F19%2Ftaiwan-abrams-command-network%2F" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21AV93%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg" width="1456" height="952" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:952,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:388531,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://thedefensepost.com/2025/11/19/taiwan-abrams-command-network/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/199646754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AV93!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9b48d1f-e018-479f-9bf8-276188f83e80_2000x1308.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Taiwan to Integrate Abrams Tanks Into National Command System Amid Lawmaker Concerns</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthedefensepost.com%2F2025%2F11%2F19%2Ftaiwan-abrams-command-network%2F">https://thedefensepost.com/2025/11/19/taiwan-abrams-command-network/</a></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbritisharmy.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F02%2F28%2Fdesert-storm-part-22-charge-of-the-heavy-brigade%2F" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kC5h%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp" width="659" height="445" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:445,&quot;width&quot;:659,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:22174,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://britisharmy.wordpress.com/2016/02/28/desert-storm-part-22-charge-of-the-heavy-brigade/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/199646754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kC5h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357199b8-7072-4335-81b7-18da1e0f31e1_659x445.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Desert Storm Part 22: Charge of the Heavy Brigade</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbritisharmy.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F02%2F28%2Fdesert-storm-part-22-charge-of-the-heavy-brigade%2F">https://britisharmy.wordpress.com/2016/02/28/desert-storm-part-22-charge-of-the-heavy-brigade/</a></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftaskandpurpose.com%2Fculture%2Fheres-like-command-m1-abrams-tank%2F" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21iiIZ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp" width="600" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:26566,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://taskandpurpose.com/culture/heres-like-command-m1-abrams-tank/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/199646754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiIZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ad67cd5-a35a-4be7-9f54-da0f863c4f8a_600x300.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Confessions Of A Tank Commander</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftaskandpurpose.com%2Fculture%2Fheres-like-command-m1-abrams-tank%2F">https://taskandpurpose.com/culture/heres-like-command-m1-abrams-tank/</a></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usni.org%2Fmagazines%2Fproceedings%2F2023%2Ffebruary%2Fwin-urban-war-taiwan" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Z4IJ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg" width="1456" height="607" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:607,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:193816,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2023/february/win-urban-war-taiwan&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/199646754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4IJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe144a74c-1bcd-40ae-af3a-3f544c6b5777_1800x750.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>USNI Podcast: Win the Urban War in Taiwan - The United States and Taiwan should plan a defense strategy centered on defeating China in an urban war.</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usni.org%2Fmagazines%2Fproceedings%2F2023%2Ffebruary%2Fwin-urban-war-taiwan">https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2023/february/win-urban-war-taiwan</a></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocac.gov.tw%2FOCAC%2FEng%2FPages%2FDetail.aspx%3Fnodeid%3D329%26amp%3Bpid%3D80991494" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21m2rC%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg" width="800" height="533" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:533,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:46660,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.ocac.gov.tw/OCAC/Eng/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=329&amp;pid=80991494&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/199646754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m2rC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4f86401-d4b5-4b16-bb5a-a8519cb2d3f0_800x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>President Lai attends commissioning of M1A2T tank battalion</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocac.gov.tw%2FOCAC%2FEng%2FPages%2FDetail.aspx%3Fnodeid%3D329%26amp%3Bpid%3D80991494">https://www.ocac.gov.tw/OCAC/Eng/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=329&amp;pid=80991494</a></p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fairpowerasia.com%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fgrowing-big-know-about-chinese-airborne-forces%2F" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21jtMI%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp" width="752" height="423" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:423,&quot;width&quot;:752,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:42562,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://airpowerasia.com/2020/06/09/growing-big-know-about-chinese-airborne-forces/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/199646754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jtMI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F843ece61-2926-4f98-b67d-94d9a8fb414d_752x423.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Growing Big &#8211; Know About Chinese Airborne Forces</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fairpowerasia.com%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fgrowing-big-know-about-chinese-airborne-forces%2F">https://airpowerasia.com/2020/06/09/growing-big-know-about-chinese-airborne-forces/</a></p><h1>Coming Up</h1><p>In a future post, I&#8217;ll be talking with Lew Roscoe, the creator of the YouTube Channel, <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fc%2FTheWarAtHome">The War At Home</a>, who has joined my team (team being a total of 2!) to help with the creation of the new and stunningly beautiful Unreal Engine animations. In particular, we&#8217;re going to talk about all the detail that went into the climax scenes for episode 22, from the researched real-world locations, to building the sets for those locations, to character development and filming. There&#8217;s detail in there that will blow your mind. I only know because it certainly blew my mind.</p><h1>Events</h1><p>If you&#8217;re going to be at Oshkosh Airventure 2026 this year, look me up. Happy to grab a beer, have a chat and gawk at airplanes.</p><h1>Episode 22 Update</h1><p>Filming is pretty much complete! Video editing begins next week. There&#8217;s light at the end of the tunnel, folks.</p><p>Next steps:</p><ul><li><p>Video editing</p></li><li><p>Special visual effects</p></li><li><p>Graphics (map call-outs, titles, etc.)</p></li><li><p>Intro opening sequence</p></li><li><p>Music editing</p></li><li><p>Sound effects</p></li><li><p>Closing titles, credits and Patreon new member announcements</p></li><li><p>YouTube post data - title, descrip, transcript</p></li><li><p>Internal draft review and modifications</p></li><li><p>Exclusive post to Patreon for review and final modifications</p></li><li><p>YouTube Thumbnail creation and post for voting on Patreon</p></li><li><p>Post to Substack</p></li><li><p>Post to public YouTube</p></li><li><p>Rest for a day, have a beer, start episode 23</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 22: Behind the Scenes]]></title><description><![CDATA[The next episode involves China's crossing of the Taiwan Strait bound for an invasion of Taiwan. Here's a peek at the behind-the-scenes work going into it.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-22-behind-the-scenes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-22-behind-the-scenes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 16 May 2026 00:32:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%211yMH%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%211yMH%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%211yMH%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png" width="1456" height="589" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:589,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4588783,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/197938071?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1yMH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54d5659-ac91-4ff5-b0d9-320fca3f8ee7_3440x1392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>
      <p>
          <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflatcirclehistory.substack.com%2Fp%2Fepisode-22-behind-the-scenes">
              Read more
          </a>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Flat Circle War Room - 5/2/26]]></title><description><![CDATA[What I&#8217;m reading, listening to and watching this week, as well as updates about next episodes.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/flat-circle-war-room-5226</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/flat-circle-war-room-5226</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2026 15:05:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21n217%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21n217%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21n217%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1961645,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/196226083?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n217!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ca0c018-aab9-4e5b-b015-cfc6026f209a_2856x2142.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h1>Thunder Run: The Armored Strike To Capture Baghdad, by David Zucchino</h1><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F55324.Thunder_Run">https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/55324.Thunder_Run</a>As the ground battle begins for my story in Taiwan, I turned to this book for insight and first-hand accounts of urban warfare. I&#8217;m about half-way through right now. It&#8217;s a riveting read.</p><p></p><p>In tech-related readings this week, I stumbled on two articles that fed my cyberwarfare curiosity. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21EBAj%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21EBAj%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp" width="650" height="366" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:366,&quot;width&quot;:650,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:41846,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/196226083?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EBAj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4552e65e-88e8-40dc-9f52-8a7f8797dc7c_650x366.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>Bluetooth tracker hidden in a postcard and mailed to a warship exposed its location &#8212; $5 gadget put a $585 million Dutch ship at risk for 24 hours</h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.com%2Ftech-industry%2Fcyber-security%2Fbluetooth-tracker-hidden-in-a-postcard-and-mailed-to-a-warship-exposed-its-location-a-eur5-gadget-put-a-eur500-million-dutch-ship-at-risk-for-24-hours">https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/cyber-security/bluetooth-tracker-hidden-in-a-postcard-and-mailed-to-a-warship-exposed-its-location-a-eur5-gadget-put-a-eur500-million-dutch-ship-at-risk-for-24-hours</a></p><p>This article reminds me of the Fitbit issues years ago with US troops inadvertently giving away their positions and routines in Iraq and Afghanistan. There are now endless ways to make the battlefield virtually transparent, regardless of domain.</p><p></p><p></p><p>And then I found this article which, as a former software developer, deeply rattled me - but also gave me dark ideas for a future episode. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214amo%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%214amo%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp" width="650" height="366" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:366,&quot;width&quot;:650,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:60682,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/196226083?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4amo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F896b5827-ada4-4a15-9417-02c0dad51d06_650x366.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>Claude-powered AI coding agent deletes entire company database in 9 seconds &#8212; backups zapped, after Cursor tool powered by Anthropic&#8217;s Claude goes rogue</h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.com%2Ftech-industry%2Fartificial-intelligence%2Fclaude-powered-ai-coding-agent-deletes-entire-company-database-in-9-seconds-backups-zapped-after-cursor-tool-powered-by-anthropics-claude-goes-rogue">https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/claude-powered-ai-coding-agent-deletes-entire-company-database-in-9-seconds-backups-zapped-after-cursor-tool-powered-by-anthropics-claude-goes-rogue</a></p><p>What bothered me most was not that it happened, but that the AI agent did it <strong>knowing</strong> it was wrong. I would love to think that if I was still in the game, I would have safeguards in place to avoid this kind of disaster, but what&#8217;s not to say the AI wouldn&#8217;t identify and bypass those safeguards. Frightening.</p><p></p><h1>Next Episode Update</h1><p>The narration track is edited and completed, which gives me my estimated episode length for episode 22, which will be almost 15 minutes to the second.</p><p>All the map graphics are complete. Loving Google Earth Studio, though I also have to use Google Earth Pro to do the graphic overlays, then import them into Studio to do the animation. </p><p>Filming has begun! Working on the DCS footage now, and then will turn to ARMA.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218DHs%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218DHs%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg" width="1456" height="783" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:783,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:640800,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/196226083?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8DHs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb8b25a3-554c-4704-a45d-4c04e2a519f6_1920x1033.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Meanwhile, Lew is working on the character scenes in Unreal Engine. One of the hiccups in transitioning to Unreal is the need for all the uniforms and kit. For episode 21 alone, we need PLA, US (Airforce and Green Beret) and the ROC. That requires a whole lot of time getting the uniform as close to &#8220;right&#8221; as we can, with their kit. The good news is that once we get past this initial hurdle, those assets will be used countless times throughout future episodes. </p><p>Work continues on script modifications for episode 23. There is so much happening in that script, I have now broken it into 2 episodes. </p><p>For the Next War Room release, I&#8217;ll talk about all the work this week that went into the research of the PLA&#8217;s invasion fleet, including ships utilized, their numbers, formations, locations, approach, etc. A massive undertaking. </p><h1>Event Info</h1><p>I&#8217;ll be at Oskhosh 2026 this year, so if you&#8217;re there and want to chat, reach out!</p><p>John</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Flat Circle War Room - 4/21/26]]></title><description><![CDATA[What I&#8217;m reading, listening to and watching this week, as well as updates about next episodes.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/flat-circle-war-room-42126</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/flat-circle-war-room-42126</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 15:51:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21t4nB%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21t4nB%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21t4nB%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif" width="1440" height="956" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t4nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t4nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t4nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t4nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a41254-c481-4704-aa42-d42f2a9cf4eb_1440x956.avif 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Photo courtesy of Army Times</em></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>While researching for episode 23 and 24 (involving ground combat in Taiwan), I found this article:</p><h2>The Thunder Run</h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fla-120703zucchino-story.html">https://www.latimes.com/la-120703zucchino-story.html</a></p><p>It is an absolutely riveting tale about the US&#8217;s 2nd Brigade of the 3rd Infantry Division and their dash into Baghdad in 2003. Reading it, my thought went to Blackhawk Down, only this is something exponentially more. My second thought was, &#8216;this should be a movie!&#8217;, and apparently <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Farmy%2Fcomments%2F178t1ud%2Fthunder_run_film_adaptation_we_never_got%2F">several years ago it was in the planning stage</a> for just that. But like many movie ideas, it remains on a shelf somewhere, waiting to be made.</p><p>Further research regarding near-future ground combat, took me here:</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21GF1w%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21GF1w%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp" width="1456" height="970" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:970,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:212412,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194834168?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF1w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1efbf5be-8e15-400a-8444-c3e2e37d8d6b_2048x1365.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>The Killer Robots Are Coming. The Battlefield Will Never Look the Same.</h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2026%2F04%2F20%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-russia-war-robots-drones.html%3Funlocked_article_code%3D1.cVA.kGZz.8UQNUzyl_D6z%26amp%3Bsmid%3Durl-share">https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/20/world/europe/ukraine-russia-war-robots-drones.html?unlocked_article_code=1.cVA.kGZz.8UQNUzyl_D6z&amp;smid=url-share</a></p><p><em>(note, the NY Times link is a gifted link and is only active for 14 days)</em></p><p>Details how Ukraine is tactically using UGVs (unmanned ground vehicles) in coordination with aerial drones, for combat operations. Of particular interest was a look inside how Ukraine used the combined capabilities of drones to assault a building held by Russian troops.</p><p></p><p>Which led me to this article from the Atlantic Council:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212Wus%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212Wus%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg" width="1024" height="683" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:683,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:95458,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194834168?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Wus!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4255c0d2-796b-4497-ad4e-0b05716da5b0_1024x683.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>The Coming Compute War In Ukraine</h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fcontent-series%2Fthe-big-story%2Fthe-coming-compute-war-in-ukraine%2F">https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/the-big-story/the-coming-compute-war-in-ukraine/</a></p><p>Tells of warfare&#8217;s insatiable appetite for data and bandwidth and the vulnerabilities therein.</p><p></p><p>Next, I tumbled down a separate rabbit hole watching this video, put out by the Georgetown University Wargaming Society</p><h2>Wargaming Lessons for Intelligence Analysts &amp; What I&#8217;ve Learned Playing Red</h2><div id="youtube2-a1j4luCAv8s" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;a1j4luCAv8s&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2Fa1j4luCAv8s%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>A very interesting interview about effectively &#8216;red teaming&#8217; for wargames, put on by Ian Sullivan, Director of Intelligence, Deputy Chief of Staff, G-2 for the U.S. Army Transformation and Training Command (T2COM G-2).</p><p>This led me to their website: </p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Foe.t2com.army.mil%2F">https://oe.t2com.army.mil/</a></p><p>A ton of great resources there. The most timely was this one:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aE5q%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aE5q%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg" width="861" height="575" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:575,&quot;width&quot;:861,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:89765,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194834168?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE5q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86151f45-c004-4265-9556-4cf8fb656bf9_861x575.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>T2COM OE Threat Assessment 1-1, How China Fights in Large-Scale Combat Operations</h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg2webcontent.z2.web.core.usgovcloudapi.net%2FOEE%2FChina%2520Landing%2520Zone%2F2025NOV05_T2COMG2_How_CHI_Fights_LSCO_Assessment1-1.pdf">https://g2webcontent.z2.web.core.usgovcloudapi.net/OEE/China%20Landing%20Zone/2025NOV05_T2COMG2_How_CHI_Fights_LSCO_Assessment1-1.pdf</a></p><p></p><p></p><h1>Next Episode Update</h1><p>Today I finished the voice-over narration for episode 22. Also, one of the new tools I&#8217;m using is <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fearth%2Fstudio%2F">Google Earth Studio</a>, which is very cool in improving map graphics. I also downloaded KMZ files for country borders and am playing with polygon usage to better display held territory and unit movements.</p><p>Meanwhile, Lew is working on the Unreal Engine scenes for ep22 which feature character close-ups. </p><p>I also purchased a uniform and kit package for Unreal Engine (thanks to your contributions both here and on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patreon.com%2FFlatCircleHistory">Patreon</a>) to be used both for episode 22 and will definitely be used for many episodes to come. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21DjR7%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21DjR7%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp" width="1456" height="516" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:516,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:588746,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194834168?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DjR7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F061c131f-fefc-4095-a17a-a038d2d1b8e3_1670x592.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Still working on pretty significant script refinements for episode 23 and 24. Michael Hilliard of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theredlinepodcast.com%2F">The Redline Podcast</a> had great insight that required me to make changes to improve the story and plausibility.  All good things.</p><p>More soon!</p><p>John</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Flat Circle War Room - 4/14/26]]></title><description><![CDATA[What I&#8217;m reading, listening to and watching this week, as well as updates about next episodes.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/flat-circle-war-room-41426</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/flat-circle-war-room-41426</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:40:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aSub%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aSub%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21aSub%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg" width="640" height="405" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSub!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dcda6c0-fca8-477a-8f7c-cb0eca06374d_640x405.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>Closing the Air and Missile Defense Gap in the Indo-Pacific</strong></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwarontherocks.com%2Fclosing-the-air-and-missile-defense-gap-in-the-indo-pacific%2F">https://warontherocks.com/closing-the-air-and-missile-defense-gap-in-the-indo-pacific/</a></p><p>The article lays out the need for internationally coordinated air and missile defense in the event of a conflict in the Indo-Pacific. This, based on modelling from the Stimson Center that predicted,</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;the United States would likely run out of Patriot and [upper-tier, terminal-phase missile] interceptors within the first 24 hours of a military conflict.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Toward that end, the United States Studies Centre held a tabletop exercise with participants from the US, Japan, Australia, South Korea and Taiwan. The article provides a high-level overview of the outcome of that exercise.</p><p>This then led me to the USSC&#8217;s <strong>full </strong>exercise report. It&#8217;s a long, but fascinating read:</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21rJfN%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21rJfN%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif" width="1456" height="998" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:998,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:84025,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/avif&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194030951?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rJfN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F260e1f6b-c558-48a2-a367-148238dfd0e6_2560x1754.avif 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><h2><strong>Missiles and multipolarity: Can an Indo-Pacific coalition defeat China&#8217;s missile overmatch?</strong></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ussc.edu.au%2Fmissiles-and-multipolarity-can-an-indo-pacific-coalition-defeat-china-s-missile-overmatch">https://www.ussc.edu.au/missiles-and-multipolarity-can-an-indo-pacific-coalition-defeat-china-s-missile-overmatch</a></p><p>Key takeaway:</p><blockquote><p>Coalition Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) operating concept &#8212; which we label &#8216;Long Sense/Short Defence&#8217; &#8212; centring on two elements. The first is that the partner under attack focuses on point defence through a combination of high- and low-cost-per-engagement effectors. The second is that other JASTU partners support point defence through mobile and long-range sensing that provides redundancy and early warning to point defence sensors.</p></blockquote><p>This then led me to an article I read a few months back and used for research for episode 20:</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21L0bS%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21L0bS%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png" width="684" height="513" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:513,&quot;width&quot;:684,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:99724,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194030951?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L0bS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ea286a-7c4b-4c0f-8589-685c1243f80e_684x513.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2><strong>Cratering Effects: Chinese Missile Threats to US Air Bases in the Indo-Pacific</strong></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stimson.org%2F2024%2Fcratering-effects-chinese-missile-threats-to-us-air-bases-in-the-indo-pacific%2F%23elementor-toc__heading-anchor-1">https://www.stimson.org/2024/cratering-effects-chinese-missile-threats-to-us-air-bases-in-the-indo-pacific/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-1</a></p><p>It covers how a Chinese missile attack could degrade USAF operations across the Indo-Pacific, including projections of how many hours air bases and airfields could be rendered inoperative. Further, it looks at countermeasures, from dispersed forward basing, to runway repair, and missile defense. This article was extremely helpful in planning episode 20 for the PLA&#8217;s initial missile &#8216;blitz&#8221;, with PLARF missile capabilities, estimated numbers of missiles by types, their range and locations.</p><p></p><p>From there&#8230; relatedly, with what&#8217;s happening in the real-world, was this article:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21plbK%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21plbK%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg" width="768" height="432" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!plbK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6cda799-7bd3-4712-9646-2382554034a9_768x432.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2><strong>Iran&#8217;s Asymmetric Counterair Campaign: Attacking the U.S. Air Force&#8217;s Nests and Eggs</strong></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwarontherocks.com%2F2026%2F04%2Firans-asymmetric-counterair-campaign-attacking-the-u-s-air-forces-nests-and-eggs%2F">https://warontherocks.com/2026/04/irans-asymmetric-counterair-campaign-attacking-the-u-s-air-forces-nests-and-eggs/</a></p><p>The article covers Iran&#8217;s counter missile and drone attack strategy and success against US assets in the Middle East, including the damage or destruction of AN/TPY-2 primary sensor of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) battery, the damage of one E-3G and the loss of another.</p><p>Key takeaway:</p><blockquote><p>This is a template, not an anomaly. Iran&#8217;s asymmetric counter campaign is a harbinger of air wars to come.</p></blockquote><p>Piggybacking on that article is this one:</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ZKMC%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ZKMC%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:99756,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194030951?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKMC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52cc2a96-8a45-4160-81e4-a1921c0876b2_1536x864.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2><strong>Operation Epic Fury U.S. Aircraft Losses Visualized</strong></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twz.com%2Fair%2Foperation-epic-fury-u-s-aircraft-losses-visualized">https://www.twz.com/air/operation-epic-fury-u-s-aircraft-losses-visualized</a></p><p>Pretty clear what Iran&#8217;s priority targets are, with lessons clearly learned from Ukraine&#8217;s <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Fhow-ukraines-spider-web-operation-redefines-asymmetric-warfare">Operation Spiderweb</a>. How we have not had US bomber or ISR aircraft struck on US soil from drone operations is a bit stunning to me, frankly.</p><p>And then I stumbled on this article, which shows US early warning systems that were hit by Iran:</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ip2g%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ip2g%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg" width="860" height="484" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:484,&quot;width&quot;:860,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:51015,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/i/194030951?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ip2g!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5719537-aeaa-4c79-ab15-32d98855469e_860x484.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2><strong>New Images Provide Clearest View Yet of Damage to U.S.-made AN/FPS-132 Early Warning Radar in Qatar</strong></h2><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheaviationist.com%2F2026%2F04%2F11%2Fearly-warning-radar-al-udeid-damage%2F">https://theaviationist.com/2026/04/11/early-warning-radar-al-udeid-damage/</a></p><p>These photos were far too eerily similar to the Aegis Ashore system I attacked and destroyed by drones in episode 19.</p><p></p><h1>Next Episode Update</h1><p>The shot sheet for episode 22 is complete (84 scenes in total) and I had a web conference with Lew about the upcoming Unreal Engine scenes which will be used for character close-ups. He&#8217;s already starting building sets. Meanwhile I&#8217;ll start the voice-over narration for 22 and begin filming using DCS, ARMA and SeaPower.</p><p>I&#8217;m also working on refinements on the script for episode 23. And lastly&#8230; I had a great meeting with Michael Hilliard last week of The Redline Podcast to knock around thoughts and ideas about upcoming Season 3 when the war returns to the Baltics.</p><p>Lots happening. More soon!</p><p>John</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Flat Circle History is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 21: DEFCON 2]]></title><description><![CDATA[As US and allied aircraft battle for the skies over the East China Sea, China launches a massive amphibious fleet bound for Taiwan. The grey war is over. The war for control of Taiwan has begun.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-21-defcon-2</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-21-defcon-2</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 15:43:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2F8yKwvQl4HqY" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-8yKwvQl4HqY" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;8yKwvQl4HqY&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2F8yKwvQl4HqY%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Background:</h2><p>If you are wondering why it took so long for me to produce episode 21, it&#8217;s because I needed to take the time to research and write the scripts for episodes 21-23 which are tightly integrated, all having to do with the PRC&#8217;s invasion of Taiwan. Episode 21 is primarily focused on the final thought processes and reasoning for the invasion&#8217;s timing by the President of China, and the monumental challenges and struggles that the US and its allies would have in the opening hours and days of the war. These episodes required untold hours pouring through white papers, articles and interviews with various subject matter experts, all in order to get this right.</p><p>Now that episode 21 is done and the other scripts are written, I will immediately go into production for episode 22. So don&#8217;t worry&#8230; you won&#8217;t have to wait 3 months next time!</p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 20: The Hypersonic Blitz]]></title><description><![CDATA[China launches a devastating wave of thousands of missiles across the Indo-Pacific, paving the way for the invasion of Taiwan.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-20-the-hypersonic-blitz</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-20-the-hypersonic-blitz</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:30:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2FeURsuxZnRKo" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-eURsuxZnRKo" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;eURsuxZnRKo&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FeURsuxZnRKo%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Background:</h2><p>Episode 20 opens within seconds of where we left off with the surprise drone attacks at the end of episode 19. This is the big one - the missile event that has been endlessly discussed, studied, wargamed and worried over for a decade. Will China&#8217;s intermediate and long-range ballistic missiles, including the feared DF-26B &#8220;Carrier Killers&#8221; work as advertised? Will the US&#8217;s &#8220;Golden Dome&#8221; Tiered Missile Defense Architecture work as advertised? This is what I was looking to explore. </p><p>A TON of time went into episode 20, from numerous interviews with various SMEs, to pouring through volumes of articles, to playtesting for timing details for the script using the game Command Modern Operations. The scope and scale of events in this episode proved fascinating, daunting and deeply troubling. </p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 19: China’s Attack Begins]]></title><description><![CDATA[China carries out a massive, simultaneous attack to blind, disrupt and eliminate key leadership, infrastructure and defense systems across the Indo-Pacific.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-19-chinas-attack-begins</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-19-chinas-attack-begins</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 18:57:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2Fdrr7mmibt9E" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-drr7mmibt9E" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;drr7mmibt9E&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2Fdrr7mmibt9E%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Background:</h2><p>I think of this episode as H-Hour (minus 1). It is the attack that will pave the way for the next episode when the missile blitz begins. For this episode I wanted to highlight the vulnerabilities we face through cyberattacks, including how our own vehicles could be used against us. Also, I wanted to show how drones will be used ubiquitously and to illustrate that their reach will be far and used in ways we may not be prepared for (yet). There are no longer &#8216;front lines&#8217;.</p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 18: Headlong Into War]]></title><description><![CDATA[In the aftermath of the disaster off Taiwan&#8217;s coast involving both the US and China, a storm of fury, misinformation and disinformation propels both nations toward fateful decisions.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-18-headlong-into-war</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-18-headlong-into-war</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 18:38:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2FkHHWHP6-MDA" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-kHHWHP6-MDA" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;kHHWHP6-MDA&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FkHHWHP6-MDA%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Background:</h2><p>This is the bridging episode that takes us from China&#8217;s gamble regarding the quarantine, the US&#8217;s attempt to break it, and what comes next: open war. In this episode, I wanted to show how the momentum of events are affecting both sides and a behind-the-curtain look at how decisions were made. Within that, I was also looking to highlight how both sides misread the other while being influenced by their own agendas (personally and politically), as well by misinformation, disinformation and missteps. Definitely on my mind while writing this were events of late spring and summer of 1914 in the weeks leading to World War 1, where once Serbia and Austria-Hungary began to mobilize, momentum took over, spiraling Europe into war. Finally, I wanted to introduce the US Marines unit to the story, who we will revisit in much further detail later in the season!  I know this one was a slower-paced episode, but it was really necessary to make that connection to all the episodes coming. In episode 19&#8230; things begin to cook. </p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 17: Short, Swift and Brutal]]></title><description><![CDATA[As an allied task force attempts to break the quarantine of Taiwan, missteps and miscalculations place China and the US on a fatal collision course.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-17-short-swift-and-brutal-3c4</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-17-short-swift-and-brutal-3c4</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:54:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2FO1EajogH1c8" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-O1EajogH1c8" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;O1EajogH1c8&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FO1EajogH1c8%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2><strong>Background:</strong></h2><p>What if the Berlin Airlift or the blockade of Cuba had not only failed, but ignited a war? This is what was in my mind when preparing for this episode. I also wanted to explore how, despite characters on both sides of the Pacific not wishing war, events can quickly spiral beyond control through miscommunication, mistakes and overconfidence. Lastly, I wanted to take a first, hard look at how fast and lethal a modern naval battle could be - in particular when in such close proximity where the benefits of range and SAMs are reduced. The 1980&#8217;s tanker war and the Falklands War both were great resources for this episode.</p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of this episode, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 16: The Grey War]]></title><description><![CDATA[As China tightens its grip on Taiwan, a shadowy undersea Grey War escalates, forcing the United States toward a pivotal decision with deadly consequences.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-16-the-grey-war-81f</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-16-the-grey-war-81f</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:24:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2FvzQX7C-bWfQ" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-vzQX7C-bWfQ" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;vzQX7C-bWfQ&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FvzQX7C-bWfQ%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2>Background:</h2><p>A great deal is happening in this episode. The general idea behind it is that as the quarantine takes effect and with China moving to further isolate Taiwan, both the US and China begin to misunderstand and miscalculate the other and, under increasing pressure, make decisions that will have grave effects in this episode, and more importantly, the next. I also wanted to highlight the local and global economic effects, the uncertainty of geopolitics when it comes to friends and allies in the region, and the technologies used in undersea ISR and sabotage. And though the script for this episode was planned many months ago... it has been outpaced by real-world current events in the Baltic Sea, North Sea and off Taiwan! It&#8217;s hard to keep up and keep ahead.</p><p></p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of episode 15, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Episode 15: The Quarantine of Taiwan]]></title><description><![CDATA[In the season 2 premiere, China launches an invasion of the Kinmen Islands, inciting a reaction from Taiwan that serves to justify the PRC&#8217;s complete quarantine of the island nation.]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-15-the-quarantine-of-taiwan-388</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/episode-15-the-quarantine-of-taiwan-388</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:11:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2FL1EbvL13POU" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="youtube2-L1EbvL13POU" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;L1EbvL13POU&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FL1EbvL13POU%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2><strong>Background:</strong></h2><p>There&#8217;s much to tell in this episode, laying the groundwork for the entire season - so for those looking for beginning-to-end action, this one is a slow-burn. To begin, I wanted to start with China&#8217;s justification for the quarantine and in a way that would be the most troublesome to Taiwan and its allies. In talking to my network of SMEs, an invasion of the Kinmen Islands - and in particular using unidentified forces (though clearly PRC), would do nicely. The difficult challenge for Taiwan, the US, Australia, UK and Japan would be how to respond without going kinetic. I also wanted to give a peek into the decision making process in Washington, most notably, their debate about Taiwan&#8217;s willingness to fight and the US commitment to Taiwan&#8217;s defense. Toward that, I wanted to insert a nod to the very small but important US State Department&#8217;s Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), who doesn&#8217;t receive much love, but from my own research&#8230; does some amazing work.</p><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of episode 15, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating the episode, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Season 1: Russia Invades the Baltics]]></title><description><![CDATA[Like nearly a century before, could the United States and its allies once again battle and win a two-front war a half a world apart?]]></description><link>https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/season-1-russia-invades-the-baltics-084</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://flatcirclehistory.substack.com/p/season-1-russia-invades-the-baltics-084</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[John Forsberg]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 15:52:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Fyoutube%2Fw_728%2Cc_limit%2Fbr_z4fv51W0" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A documentary series that takes a terrifying and realistic look at a hypothetical Third World War scenario. Season 1 of World War 3 begins with a sudden Russian invasion of the Baltic NATO countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in August of 2032. But that is only the beginning of a war that will stretch from Europe to Taiwan.</p><p>This is a compilation of episodes 1-14 from season 1.</p><div id="youtube2-br_z4fv51W0" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;br_z4fv51W0&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2Fbr_z4fv51W0%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h2></h2><h2><strong>Access the FCH War Room</strong></h2><p>To access a commercial-free private version of season 1, as well behind-the-scenes documents, map locations, sources, scripts, shot-sheet and all the things that went into creating season 1, join the <strong>Flat Circle History War Room</strong>.</p><p></p>
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