<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[The Spanish Hub]]></title><description><![CDATA[I'll tell you something every day that will make Spanish click ✨]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png</url><title>The Spanish Hub</title><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 12:35:07 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Ffeed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[spanismakessense@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[spanismakessense@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[spanismakessense@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[spanismakessense@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[The First 400 Spanish Words You Should Learn]]></title><description><![CDATA[Part 4 of a Practical Guide to the 1,000 Most Frequently Used Words in Spanish.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-first-400-spanish-words-you-should</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-first-400-spanish-words-you-should</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2026 16:01:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1759984782106-4b56d0aa05b8%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0MTN8fGxlYXJuaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MzAwODQ5Nnww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40juliolopez">Julio Lopez</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Welcome to Part Four of our journey through the <strong>1,000 most frequent Spanish words</strong>!</p><p>In the previous post, we covered words 201 to 300. In this post, we&#8217;ll cover words <strong>301 to 400</strong>. You can see our previous post here:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;bc047b18-7b0f-4c70-a3ff-1d5ef5352575&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This is the third post in our series on the 1,000 most frequent words in Spanish.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The First 300 Spanish Words You Should Learn&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Teaching Spanish in the simplest, clearest, and most effective way possible. Practical Spanish, fascinating stories, and everything you need to use the language with confidence.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-16T17:06:46.010Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6cb69885-348d-4dce-921f-a66617bf1f33_1080x710.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;cover_image_crop&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-first-300-spanish-words-you-should&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Vocabulary&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:200953963,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:44,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Learning frequent words helps you understand <strong>more Spanish</strong> in everyday situations. In this series, you&#8217;ll learn each word through a simple example and its English translation. You&#8217;ll also review what you&#8217;ve learned with practice exercises, a short story and flashcards. </p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>How you&#8217;ll learn these words (and why they stick)</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Context first</strong></p><ul><li><p>You will never learn a word in isolation.</p></li><li><p>Every word appears inside a <strong>very simple sentence</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Surrounding words act as a <strong>support structure</strong>, making meaning clearer and more memorable.</p></li><li><p>Learning this way is like building on <strong>solid ground</strong>, not in mid-air.</p></li><li><p>English translations help you connect new Spanish words to what you already know&#8212;a key advantage adult learners have.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Deliberate practice</strong></p><ul><li><p>Each word is reinforced through <strong>multiple simple exercises</strong>.</p></li><li><p>You see the word, recognize it, use it, and encounter it again in different forms.</p></li><li><p>Repetition with variation strengthens memory.</p></li><li><p>In addition, you have <strong>flashcards </strong>that will help make the learning process much more effective and enjoyable.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Context + practice</strong></p><ul><li><p>This combination is what makes forgetting much harder and learning more durable.</p></li></ul></li></ul><div><hr></div><h1><strong>The Words</strong></h1><p>Focus on <strong>learning vocabulary in the form in which it is most commonly used</strong>, rather than worrying too much about infinitives, grammar rules, or technical explanations. Train yourself to recognize words as they naturally appear in Spanish, since this will help you understand and speak the language more quickly and greatly improve your overall comprehension.</p><p>Pay close attention to <strong>words in context</strong>. The same word can have different meanings depending on the sentence in which it appears. Instead of memorizing isolated definitions, try to understand how words work within real examples and be open to seeing familiar words used in slightly different ways. This flexibility is both normal and essential for learning a language effectively.</p><p>Let&#8217;s go!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h3>301. los casos &#8212; <em>cases</em></h3><p>En estos <strong>casos</strong>, es mejor esperar.<br><em>In these cases, it is better to wait.</em></p><h3>302. las manos &#8212; <em>hands</em></h3><p>Tengo las <strong>manos</strong> fr&#237;as.<br><em>My hands are cold.</em></p><h3>303. el nivel &#8212; <em>level</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>nivel</strong> de espa&#241;ol es bueno.<br><em>My Spanish level is good.</em></p><h3>304. pod&#237;a &#8212; <em>could / was able to</em></h3><p>No <strong>pod&#237;a</strong> abrir la puerta.<br><em>I couldn&#8217;t open the door.</em></p><h3>305. la familia &#8212; <em>family</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>familia</strong> vive en Espa&#241;a.<br><em>My family lives in Spain.</em></p><h3>306. largo &#8212; <em>long</em></h3><p>El camino es muy <strong>largo</strong>.<br><em>The road is very long.</em></p><h3>307. partir &#8212; <em>to leave / to depart</em></h3><p>Tenemos que <strong>partir</strong> temprano.<br><em>We have to leave early.</em></p><h3>308. la falta &#8212; <em>lack / is missing</em></h3><p>Me <strong>falta</strong> un libro.<br><em>I&#8217;m missing a book.</em></p><h3>309. llegar &#8212; <em>to arrive</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>llegar</strong> temprano a casa.<br><em>I want to arrive home early.</em></p><h3>310. propio &#8212; <em>own</em></h3><p>Tengo mi <strong>propio</strong> coche.<br><em>I have my own car.</em></p><h3>311. el ministro &#8212; <em>minister</em></h3><p>El <strong>ministro</strong> habla con la prensa.<br><em>The minister speaks to the press.</em></p><h3>312. la cosa &#8212; <em>thing</em></h3><p>Necesito comprar una <strong>cosa</strong>.<br><em>I need to buy something.</em></p><h3>313. el primero &#8212; <em>first</em></h3><p>Yo soy el <strong>primero</strong> en llegar.<br><em>I&#8217;m the first to arrive.</em></p><h3>314. la seguridad &#8212; <em>security / safety</em></h3><p>La <strong>seguridad</strong> es importante.<br><em>Safety is important.</em></p><h3>315. hemos &#8212; <em>we have + participle</em></h3><p><strong>Hemos</strong> comido en casa.<br><em>We have eaten at home.</em></p><h3>316. mal &#8212; <em>badly / wrong</em></h3><p>Hoy me encuentro <strong>mal</strong>.<br><em>I&#8217;m feeling unwell today.</em></p><h3>317. trata &#8212; <em>deals with / is about</em></h3><p>El libro <strong>trata</strong> de una familia.<br><em>The book is about a family.</em></p><h3>318. alg&#250;n &#8212; <em>some / any</em></h3><p>&#191;Tienes <strong>alg&#250;n</strong> libro en espa&#241;ol?<br><em>Do you have any books in Spanish?</em></p><h3>319. tuvo &#8212; <em>had</em></h3><p>Ella <strong>tuvo</strong> un problema ayer.<br><em>She had a problem yesterday.</em></p><h3>320. respecto &#8212; <em>regarding</em></h3><p>No tengo m&#225;s que decir al <strong>respecto</strong>.<br><em>I have nothing more to say about it.</em></p><h3>321. la semana &#8212; <em>week</em></h3><p>Esta <strong>semana</strong> tengo mucho trabajo.<br><em>I have a lot of work this week.</em></p><h3>322. varios &#8212; <em>several</em></h3><p>Tengo <strong>varios</strong> libros de espa&#241;ol.<br><em>I have several Spanish books.</em></p><h3>323. real &#8212; <em>real</em></h3><p>El problema es <strong>real</strong>.<br><em>The problem is real.</em></p><h3>324. s&#233; &#8212; <em>I know</em></h3><p><strong>S&#233;</strong> d&#243;nde est&#225; el restaurante.<br><em>I know where the restaurant is.</em></p><h3>325. la voz &#8212; <em>voice</em></h3><p>Tienes una voz muy bonita.<br><em>You have a very beautiful voice.</em></p><h3>326. el paso &#8212; <em>step</em></h3><p>Doy un <strong>paso</strong> hacia la puerta.<br><em>I take a step toward the door.</em></p><h3>327. el se&#241;or &#8212; <em>man / gentleman / Mr.</em></h3><p>El <strong>se&#241;or</strong> vive aqu&#237;.<br><em>The gentleman lives here.</em></p><h3>328. mil &#8212; <em>one thousand</em></h3><p>Hay <strong>mil</strong> personas en el estadio.<br><em>There are one thousand people in the stadium.</em></p><h3>329. quienes &#8212; <em>those who / who</em></h3><p><strong>Quienes</strong> estudian practican cada d&#237;a.<br><em>Those who study practise every day.</em></p><h3>330. el proyecto &#8212; <em>project</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>proyecto</strong> es aprender espa&#241;ol.<br><em>My project is to learn Spanish.</em></p><h3>331. el mercado &#8212; <em>market</em></h3><p>Voy al <strong>mercado</strong> los s&#225;bados.<br><em>I go to the market on Saturdays.</em></p><h3>332. la mayor&#237;a &#8212; <em>majority / most</em></h3><p>La <strong>mayor&#237;a</strong> de mis amigos vive aqu&#237;.<br><em>Most of my friends live here.</em></p><h3>333. la luz &#8212; <em>light</em></h3><p>Entra mucha <strong>luz</strong> por la ventana.<br><em>A lot of light comes in through the window.</em></p><h3>334. claro &#8212; <em>clear / of course</em></h3><p>Est&#225; <strong>claro</strong> que necesitas descansar.<br><em>It&#8217;s clear that you need to rest.</em></p><h3>335. iba &#8212; <em>was going</em></h3><p>Yo <strong>iba</strong> al trabajo en autob&#250;s.<br><em>I used to go to work by bus.</em></p><h3>336. este &#8212; <em>this one</em></h3><p>Prefiero <strong>&#233;ste</strong>, no el otro.<br><em>I prefer this one, not the other one.</em></p><h3>337. el cuerpo &#8212; <em>body</em></h3><p>Me duele el <strong>cuerpo</strong> despu&#233;s de hacer ejercicio.<br><em>My body hurts after exercising.</em></p><h3>338. el orden &#8212; <em>order</em></h3><p>Pon los libros en <strong>orden</strong>.<br><em>Put the books in order.</em></p><h3>339. el espa&#241;ol &#8212; <em>Spanish</em></h3><p>El <strong>espa&#241;ol</strong> es una lengua muy hablada.<br><em>Spanish is a widely spoken language.</em></p><h3>340. buena &#8212; <em>good</em></h3><p>Es una <strong>buena</strong> idea.<br><em>It&#8217;s a good idea.</em></p><h3>341. quiere &#8212; <em>wants</em></h3><p>Mi hermana <strong>quiere</strong> aprender espa&#241;ol.<br><em>My sister wants to learn Spanish.</em></p><h3>342. aquella &#8212; <em>that</em></h3><p><strong>Aquella</strong> casa es muy bonita.<br><em>That house over there is very beautiful.</em></p><h3>343. el programa &#8212; <em>programme / program</em></h3><p>Este <strong>programa</strong> es muy interesante.<br><em>This programme is very interesting.</em></p><h3>344. las palabras &#8212; <em>words</em></h3><p>Aprendo cinco <strong>palabras</strong> nuevas cada d&#237;a.<br><em>I learn five new words every day.</em></p><h3>345. internacional &#8212; <em>international</em></h3><p>Es una empresa <strong>internacional</strong>.<br><em>It&#8217;s an international company.</em></p><h3>346. van &#8212; <em>they go / they are going</em></h3><p>Ellos <strong>van</strong> al colegio en autob&#250;s.<br><em>They go to school by bus.</em></p><h3>347. esas &#8212; <em>those</em></h3><p><strong>Esas</strong> casas son muy antiguas.<br><em>Those houses are very old.</em></p><h3>348. la segunda &#8212; <em>second</em></h3><p>Vivo en la <strong>segunda</strong> planta.<br><em>I live on the second floor.</em></p><h3>349. la empresa &#8212; <em>company</em></h3><p>Mi padre trabaja en una <strong>empresa</strong> peque&#241;a.<br><em>My father works at a small company.</em></p><h3>350. el puesto &#8212; <em>position / job</em></h3><p>Tiene un <strong>puesto</strong> importante en la empresa.<br><em>He has an important position in the company.</em></p><h3>351. ah&#237; &#8212; <em>there</em></h3><p>Tus llaves est&#225;n <strong>ah&#237;</strong>, sobre la mesa.<br><em>Your keys are there, on the table.</em></p><h3>352. propia &#8212; <em>own</em></h3><p>Ella tiene su <strong>propia</strong> habitaci&#243;n.<br><em>She has her own room.</em></p><h3>353. comida &#8212; <em>food / meal</em></h3><p>La <strong>comida</strong> est&#225; lista.<br><em>The food is ready.</em></p><h3>354. el libro &#8212; <em>book</em></h3><p>Estoy leyendo un <strong>libro</strong> en espa&#241;ol.<br><em>I&#8217;m reading a book in Spanish.</em></p><h3>355. igual &#8212; <em>same / equal</em></h3><p>Tenemos el <strong>mismo</strong> coche: es <strong>igual</strong> al m&#237;o.<br><em>We have the same car: it&#8217;s identical to mine.</em></p><h3>356. pol&#237;tico &#8212; <em>politician / political</em></h3><p>El <strong>pol&#237;tico</strong> habla con la gente.<br><em>The politician speaks with the people.</em></p><h3>357. la persona &#8212; <em>person</em></h3><p>Es una <strong>persona</strong> muy amable.<br><em>He&#8217;s a very kind person.</em></p><h3>358. los &#250;ltimos &#8212; <em>last</em></h3><p>Estos son los <strong>&#250;ltimos</strong> d&#237;as del curso.<br><em>These are the last days of the course.</em></p><h3>359. ellas &#8212; <em>they (feminine)</em></h3><p><strong>Ellas</strong> viven cerca de aqu&#237;.<br><em>They live near here.</em></p><h3>360. el total &#8212; <em>total</em></h3><p>El <strong>total</strong> es veinte euros.<br><em>The total is twenty euros.</em></p><h3>361. creo &#8212; <em>I think / I believe</em></h3><p><strong>Creo</strong> que hoy va a llover.<br><em>I think it&#8217;s going to rain today.</em></p><h3>362. tengo &#8212; <em>I have</em></h3><p><strong>Tengo</strong> dos hermanos.<br><em>I have two brothers.</em></p><h3>363. el dios &#8212; <em>God</em></h3><p>En el libro, el personaje habla de <strong>Dios</strong>.<br><em>In the book, the character talks about God.</em></p><h3>364. el agua &#8212; <em>water</em></h3><p>Bebo mucha <strong>agua</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> cada d&#237;a.<br><em>I drink a lot of water every day.</em></p><h3>365. espa&#241;ol/a &#8212; <em>Spanish</em></h3><p>Mi profesora es <strong>espa&#241;ola</strong>.<br><em>My teacher is Spanish.</em></p><h3>366. las condiciones &#8212; <em>conditions</em></h3><p>Las <strong>condiciones</strong> del hotel son buenas.<br><em>The conditions at the hotel are good.</em></p><h3>367. el viaje &#8212; <em>trip / journey</em></h3><p>El <strong>viaje</strong> en tren es muy c&#243;modo.<br><em>The train journey is very comfortable.</em></p><h3>368. la fuerza &#8212; <em>strength / force</em></h3><p>Necesito m&#225;s <strong>fuerza</strong> para abrir la puerta.<br><em>I need more strength to open the door.</em></p><h3>369. solo &#8212; <em>alone</em></h3><p>Hoy estoy <strong>solo</strong> en casa.<br><em>I&#8217;m home alone today.</em></p><h3>370. el &#250;nico &#8212; <em>only</em></h3><p>Es mi <strong>&#250;nico</strong> hermano.<br><em>He&#8217;s my only brother.</em></p><h3>371. la acci&#243;n &#8212; <em>action</em></h3><p>Tenemos que pasar a la <strong>acci&#243;n</strong>.<br><em>We have to take action.</em></p><h3>372. el amor &#8212; <em>love</em></h3><p>El <strong>amor</strong> es importante en la vida.<br><em>Love is important in life.</em></p><h3>373. la polic&#237;a &#8212; <em>police / police officer</em></h3><p>La <strong>polic&#237;a</strong> est&#225; en la calle.<br><em>The police are in the street.</em></p><h3>374. la puerta &#8212; <em>door</em></h3><p>Cierra la <strong>puerta</strong>, por favor.<br><em>Close the door, please.</em></p><h3>375. a pesar de &#8212; <em>despite</em></h3><p><strong>A pesar de</strong> la lluvia, salimos de casa.<br><em>Despite the rain, we leave the house.</em></p><h3>376. la zona &#8212; <em>area / zone</em></h3><p>Esta <strong>zona</strong> es muy tranquila.<br><em>This area is very quiet.</em></p><h3>377. sabe &#8212; <em>knows</em></h3><p>Mi hermano <strong>sabe</strong> hablar franc&#233;s.<br><em>My brother knows how to speak French.</em></p><h3>378. la calle &#8212; <em>street</em></h3><p>Mi casa est&#225; en esta <strong>calle</strong>.<br><em>My house is on this street.</em></p><h3>379. el interior &#8212; <em>interior / inside</em></h3><p>El <strong>interior</strong> de la casa es muy bonito.<br><em>The interior of the house is very beautiful.</em></p><h3>380. tampoco &#8212; <em>neither</em></h3><p>No me gusta el caf&#233; y a ella <strong>tampoco</strong>.<br><em>I don&#8217;t like coffee, and neither does she.</em></p><h3>381. la m&#250;sica &#8212; <em>music</em></h3><p>Me gusta escuchar <strong>m&#250;sica</strong> por la ma&#241;ana.<br><em>I like listening to music in the morning.</em></p><h3>382. ning&#250;n &#8212; <em>no / not any</em></h3><p>No tengo <strong>ning&#250;n</strong> problema.<br><em>I don&#8217;t have any problems.</em></p><h3>383. la vista &#8212; <em>view / sight</em></h3><p>La <strong>vista</strong> desde la ventana es preciosa.<br><em>The view from the window is beautiful.</em></p><h3>384. el campo &#8212; <em>countryside / field</em></h3><p>Mis abuelos viven en el <strong>campo</strong>.<br><em>My grandparents live in the countryside.</em></p><h3>385. buen &#8212; <em>good</em></h3><p>Es un <strong>buen</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-2" target="_self">2</a> amigo.<br><em>He&#8217;s a good friend.</em></p><h3>386. hubiera &#8212; <em>had (subjunctive)</em></h3><p>Ojal&#225; <strong>hubiera</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-3" target="_self">3</a> m&#225;s tiempo.<br><em>I wish there were more time.</em></p><h3>387. saber &#8212; <em>to know</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>saber</strong> la respuesta.<br><em>I want to know the answer.</em></p><h3>388. las obras &#8212; <em>works / construction</em></h3><p>Hay <strong>obras</strong> en esta calle.<br><em>There is construction work on this street.</em></p><h3>389. la raz&#243;n &#8212; <em>reason / right</em></h3><p>Tienes <strong>raz&#243;n</strong>.<br><em>You&#8217;re right.</em></p><h3>390. el/la ex &#8212; <em>ex- / former</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>ex</strong> vive en otra ciudad.<br><em>My ex lives in another city.</em></p><h3>391. los ni&#241;os &#8212; <em>children / boys</em></h3><p>Los <strong>ni&#241;os</strong> juegan en el parque.<br><em>The children play in the park.</em></p><h3>392. la presencia &#8212; <em>presence</em></h3><p>Su <strong>presencia</strong> me hace feliz.<br><em>His presence makes me happy.</em></p><h3>393. el tema &#8212; <em>topic / subject</em></h3><p>El <strong>tema</strong> de hoy es la familia.<br><em>Today&#8217;s topic is family.</em></p><h3>394. el dinero &#8212; <em>money</em></h3><p>No tengo suficiente <strong>dinero</strong>.<br><em>I don&#8217;t have enough money.</em></p><h3>395. la comisi&#243;n &#8212; <em>commission / committee</em></h3><p>La <strong>comisi&#243;n</strong> tiene una reuni&#243;n hoy.<br><em>The committee has a meeting today.</em></p><h3>396. el amigo &#8212; <em>friend</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>amigo</strong> vive cerca de la estaci&#243;n.<br><em>My friend lives near the station.</em></p><h3>397. el servicio &#8212; <em>service</em></h3><p>El <strong>servicio</strong> del restaurante es excelente.<br><em>The restaurant&#8217;s service is excellent.</em></p><h3>398. el hijo &#8212; <em>son / child</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>hijo</strong> tiene diez a&#241;os.<br><em>My son is ten years old.</em></p><h3>399. la &#250;ltima &#8212; <em>last / latest</em></h3><p>Esta es la <strong>&#250;ltima</strong> pregunta.<br><em>This is the last question.</em></p><h3>400. ciento &#8212; <em>one hundred</em></h3><p>El libro cuesta <strong>ciento</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-4" target="_self">4</a> veinte euros.<br><em>The book costs one hundred and twenty euros.</em></p><div><hr></div><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>If you&#8217;ve enjoyed this approach and would like to learn Spanish this way, I encourage you to <strong>upgrade your subscription</strong> and enjoy everything Spanish Makes Sense has to offer.</p><p>With a paid subscription, you&#8217;ll get full access to all our premium content, resources, and lessons designed to help you improve your Spanish in a <strong>clear</strong>, <strong>practical</strong>, and <strong>engaging way</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>Complete Spanish courses organized by level.</p></li><li><p>My growing collection of graded stories with audio.</p></li><li><p>Vocabulary lists and grammar lessons.</p></li><li><p>Exclusive learning materials and future premium content.</p></li><li><p>Every new lesson and resource published during your subscription.</p></li></ul><p>If you&#8217;re already a paid subscriber, thank you, you&#8217;ve helped make all of this possible. Don&#8217;t forget that you can also <strong>gift a subscription</strong> to a friend or family member who is learning Spanish, so they can enjoy the benefits as well.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p></div><div><hr></div><h2>&#9997;&#65039; Let&#8217;s practice!</h2><p><strong>A. Choose the best word for each sentence.</strong></p><ol><li><p>Tengo las ______ fr&#237;as.<br>a) manos<br>b) voces<br>c) luces</p></li><li><p>Mi ______ de espa&#241;ol es A2.<br>a) paso<br>b) nivel<br>c) orden</p></li><li><p>No ______ abrir la puerta porque estaba cerrada.<br>a) pod&#237;a<br>b) sab&#237;a<br>c) quer&#237;a</p></li><li><p>Esta ______ tengo mucho trabajo.<br>a) zona<br>b) semana<br>c) cosa</p></li><li><p>&#191;Tienes ______ pregunta?<br>a) alg&#250;n<br>b) alguna<br>c) algunos</p></li><li><p>Ayer ella ______ un problema en el trabajo.<br>a) tuvo<br>b) tiene<br>c) tendr&#225;</p></li><li><p>Voy al ______ a comprar fruta.<br>a) mercado<br>b) interior<br>c) campo</p></li><li><p>Entra mucha ______ por la ventana.<br>a) fuerza<br>b) luz<br>c) raz&#243;n</p></li><li><p>Mi hermana ______ estudiar espa&#241;ol.<br>a) quiere<br>b) quieren<br>c) querer</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>B. Choose the correct translation</strong></p><ol start="11"><li><p><strong>A pesar de la lluvia</strong> means:<br>a) Because of the rain<br>b) Despite the rain<br>c) Before the rain</p></li><li><p><strong>Tengo raz&#243;n</strong> means:<br>a) I&#8217;m right<br>b) I have a reason to go<br>c) I&#8217;m looking for a reason</p></li><li><p><strong>No tengo ning&#250;n problema</strong> means:<br>a) I have some problems<br>b) I don&#8217;t have any problems<br>c) I have one problem</p></li><li><p><strong>Ellas van al mercado</strong> means:<br>a) They are coming from the market<br>b) They go to the market<br>c) They work at the market</p></li><li><p><strong>El viaje es largo</strong> means:<br>a) The journey is long<br>b) The road is closed<br>c) The journey is expensive</p></li><li><p><strong>Mi propio coche</strong> means:<br>a) My old car<br>b) My own car<br>c) My friend&#8217;s car</p></li><li><p><strong>La mayor&#237;a de mis amigos</strong> means:<br>a) All my friends<br>b) Most of my friends<br>c) Some of my friends</p></li><li><p><strong>Me encuentro mal</strong> means:<br>a) I&#8217;m feeling unwell<br>b) I&#8217;m lost<br>c) I&#8217;m late</p></li><li><p><strong>El libro trata de una familia</strong> means:<br>a) The book belongs to a family<br>b) The book is about a family<br>c) The family reads the book</p></li><li><p><strong>Quienes estudian practican cada d&#237;a</strong> means:<br>a) Those who study practise every day<br>b) They study every day at school<br>c) Who is studying today?</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>C. Choose the best option to complete each exchange.</strong></p><ol start="21"><li><p>&#8212;&#191;D&#243;nde est&#225;n mis llaves?<br>&#8212;Est&#225;n ______, sobre la mesa.<br>a) ah&#237;<br>b) mal<br>c) solo</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Te gusta el caf&#233;?<br>&#8212;No, y a mi hermana ______.<br>a) tambi&#233;n<br>b) tampoco<br>c) nunca</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Cu&#225;nto cuesta el libro?<br>&#8212;______ veinte euros.<br>a) Total<br>b) Mil<br>c) Ciento</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Qui&#233;n es ella?<br>&#8212;Es una ______ muy amable.<br>a) persona<br>b) presencia<br>c) fuerza</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Qu&#233; quieres hacer este fin de semana?<br>&#8212;Quiero ______ al campo.<br>a) llegar<br>b) partir<br>c) ir</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Qu&#233; est&#225;s leyendo?<br>&#8212;Un ______ sobre la historia de Espa&#241;a.<br>a) libro<br>b) tema<br>c) programa</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;C&#243;mo es tu amigo?<br>&#8212;Es un ______ amigo.<br>a) bueno<br>b) buen<br>c) buena</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Qu&#233; te pasa?<br>&#8212;Me duele el ______.<br>a) cuerpo<br>b) dinero<br>c) viaje</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Qu&#233; haces por la ma&#241;ana?<br>&#8212;Escucho ______ mientras desayuno.<br>a) m&#250;sica<br>b) seguridad<br>c) condiciones</p></li><li><p>&#8212;&#191;Qu&#233; quieres beber?<br>&#8212;Un poco de ______, por favor.<br>a) luz<br>b) agua<br>c) comida</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>D. Choose the correct word</strong></p><ol start="31"><li><p>Es una ______ idea.<br>a) buen<br>b) buena<br>c) bueno</p></li><li><p>Tengo mi ______ habitaci&#243;n.<br>a) propio<br>b) propia<br>c) propios</p></li><li><p>Mi hermano ______ hablar tres idiomas.<br>a) sabe<br>b) saber<br>c) saben</p></li><li><p>______ que ma&#241;ana har&#225; buen tiempo.<br>a) Creo<br>b) Creer<br>c) Crees</p></li><li><p>Hay ______ personas en el estadio.<br>a) mil<br>b) mucho<br>c) ning&#250;n</p></li><li><p>La ______ de mis compa&#241;eros vive cerca.<br>a) mayor&#237;a<br>b) varios<br>c) total</p></li><li><p>Estos son los ______ d&#237;as del curso.<br>a) &#250;ltima<br>b) &#250;ltimos<br>c) &#250;ltimo</p></li><li><p>No tengo ______ dinero para comprarlo.<br>a) suficiente<br>b) ning&#250;n<br>c) buena</p></li><li><p>El ______ de la casa es muy bonito.<br>a) interior<br>b) interiora<br>c) interiores</p></li><li><p>Ojal&#225; ______ m&#225;s tiempo para estudiar.<br>a) hay<br>b) hubiera<br>c) tengo</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>E. Choose the word that best completes each sentence.</strong></p><ol start="41"><li><p>Tenemos que ______ temprano para llegar a tiempo.<br>a) partir<br>b) faltar<br>c) saber</p></li><li><p>Me ______ un libro para terminar la actividad.<br>a) llega<br>b) falta<br>c) trata</p></li><li><p>Es una empresa ______ que trabaja en varios pa&#237;ses.<br>a) internacional<br>b) espa&#241;ola<br>c) &#250;nica</p></li><li><p>La ______ est&#225; en la calle y habla con el se&#241;or.<br>a) polic&#237;a<br>b) m&#250;sica<br>c) familia</p></li><li><p>Los ______ juegan en el parque despu&#233;s del colegio.<br>a) ministros<br>b) ni&#241;os<br>c) servicios</p></li><li><p>El ______ de hoy es la comida espa&#241;ola.<br>a) tema<br>b) paso<br>c) nivel</p></li><li><p>El ______ del restaurante es muy buena.<br>a) servicio<br>b) servicios<br>c) servicio</p></li><li><p>Tengo un ______ importante en la empresa.<br>a) puesto<br>b) puerta<br>c) viaje</p></li><li><p>Mi ______ vive en otra ciudad, pero hablamos cada semana.<br>a) amigo<br>b) campo<br>c) orden</p></li><li><p>Esta es la ______ pregunta del examen.<br>a) &#250;ltimo<br>b) &#250;ltima<br>c) &#250;ltimos</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>F. Read the following story to put the vocabulary you&#8217;ve learned into practice. </strong></p><h3>Un proyecto nuevo</h3><p>Daniel trabaja en una peque&#241;a empresa de Madrid. Su trabajo consiste en organizar documentos, responder preguntas y ayudar a sus compa&#241;eros. Aunque le gusta su trabajo, quiere hacer algo diferente. Su objetivo es crear un proyecto propio.</p><p>Un d&#237;a, Daniel habla con su amiga Laura sobre su idea. Ella escucha con atenci&#243;n y le hace algunas preguntas. Daniel le explica que quiere crear una p&#225;gina web para ayudar a las personas a aprender espa&#241;ol. Para &#233;l, la educaci&#243;n es muy importante y cree que muchas personas necesitan recursos pr&#225;cticos para estudiar desde casa.</p><p>Laura piensa que la idea es buena. Sin embargo, le recuerda que crear un proyecto nuevo requiere tiempo, dinero y esfuerzo. Daniel est&#225; de acuerdo, pero no quiere abandonar su sue&#241;o. Decide empezar poco a poco y trabajar en el proyecto durante los fines de semana.</p><p>Primero, Daniel busca informaci&#243;n en internet. Despu&#233;s, prepara una lista de tareas y organiza los documentos que necesita. Tambi&#233;n habla con varios amigos que tienen experiencia en tecnolog&#237;a. Ellos le dan consejos y le explican c&#243;mo puede mejorar su p&#225;gina web.</p><p>Durante las primeras semanas, Daniel comete algunos errores. A veces, no encuentra la soluci&#243;n a un problema y necesita ayuda. A pesar de las dificultades, contin&#250;a trabajando. Cada d&#237;a aprende algo nuevo y su proyecto empieza a tomar forma.</p><p>Un s&#225;bado por la ma&#241;ana, Daniel invita a Laura a su casa para ense&#241;arle la primera versi&#243;n de la p&#225;gina. Ella observa el resultado y sonr&#237;e.</p><p>&#8212;&#161;Est&#225; muy bien! &#8212;dice&#8212;. Todav&#237;a hay algunas cosas que puedes mejorar, pero tienes una buena base.</p><p>Daniel se siente feliz. Sabe que todav&#237;a queda mucho trabajo, pero ahora tiene m&#225;s confianza. Su proyecto no es perfecto, aunque cada semana est&#225; un poco mejor. Para Daniel, lo m&#225;s importante es continuar aprendiendo y no tener miedo de cometer errores.</p><h2>English Translation</h2><h3>A New Project</h3><p>Daniel works for a small company in Madrid. His job involves organizing documents, answering questions, and helping his colleagues. Although he likes his job, he wants to do something different. His goal is to create his own project.</p><p>One day, Daniel talks to his friend Laura about his idea. She listens carefully and asks him a few questions. Daniel explains that he wants to create a website to help people learn Spanish. Education is very important to him, and he believes that many people need practical resources to study from home.</p><p>Laura thinks it is a good idea. However, she reminds him that starting a new project requires time, money, and effort. Daniel agrees, but he does not want to give up on his dream. He decides to start little by little and work on the project during the weekends.</p><p>First, Daniel looks for information online. Then, he prepares a to-do list and organizes the documents he needs. He also talks to several friends who have experience in technology. They give him advice and explain how he can improve his website.</p><p>During the first few weeks, Daniel makes some mistakes. Sometimes, he cannot find a solution to a problem and needs help. Despite the difficulties, he keeps working. Every day, he learns something new, and his project begins to take shape.</p><p>One Saturday morning, Daniel invites Laura to his house to show her the first version of the website. She looks at the result and smiles.</p><p>&#8220;It looks very good!&#8221; she says. &#8220;There are still a few things you can improve, but you have a good foundation.&#8221;</p><p>Daniel feels happy. He knows there is still a lot of work to do, but now he feels more confident. His project is not perfect, although it gets a little better every week. For Daniel, the most important thing is to keep learning and not be afraid of making mistakes.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>G. Return to the list of words. Read the sentence in Spanish and try to translate the key word (in bold) into English. Do this as many times as necessary until you are able to translate all the words.</strong></p><p><strong>Version for more advanced students: Translate from English to Spanish.</strong></p><p><em>(There is no better exercise than this to test our vocabulary.)</em></p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://share.gemini.google/YdaTHpHXNb6b&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Practice with flashcards here&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fshare.gemini.google%2FYdaTHpHXNb6b"><span>Practice with flashcards here</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Answer key</h2><p><strong>Complete the sentences:</strong> 1. a) manos | 2. b) nivel | 3. a) pod&#237;a | 4. b) semana | 5. b) alguna | 6. a) tuvo | 7. a) mercado | 8. b) luz | 9. a) quiere |</p><p><strong>Choose the correct translation:</strong> 11. b) Despite the rain | 12. a) I&#8217;m right | 13. b) I don&#8217;t have any problems | 14. b) They go to the market | 15. a) The journey is long | 16. b) My own car | 17. b) Most of my friends | 18. a) I&#8217;m feeling unwell | 19. b) The book is about a family | 20. a) Those who study practise every day</p><p><strong>Complete the mini-dialogues:</strong> 21. a) ah&#237; | 22. b) tampoco | 23. c) Ciento | 24. a) persona | 25. c) ir | 26. a) libro | 27. b) buen | 28. a) cuerpo | 29. a) m&#250;sica | 30. b) agua</p><p><strong>Choose the correct word:</strong> 31. b) buena | 32. b) propia | 33. a) sabe | 34. a) Creo | 35. a) mil | 36. a) mayor&#237;a | 37. b) &#250;ltimos | 38. a) suficiente | 39. a) interior | 40. b) hubiera</p><p><strong>Review the vocabulary in context:</strong> 41. a) partir | 42. b) falta | 43. a) internacional | 44. a) polic&#237;a | 45. b) ni&#241;os | 46. a) tema | 47. c) servicio | 48. a) puesto | 49. a) amigo | 50. b) &#250;ltima</p><div><hr></div><h2>Keep going!</h2><p>The more you encounter these words in different contexts, the more familiar they will become.</p><p>In the next post, we&#8217;ll continue with words 401 to 500.</p><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><strong>Why do we say </strong><em><strong>el agua</strong></em><strong>?</strong></p><p>Although <em>agua</em> is feminine, we use <strong>el</strong> instead of <strong>la</strong> when a feminine singular noun begins with a stressed <strong>a-</strong> or <strong>ha-</strong> sound. This makes pronunciation easier.</p><p>For example: <em>el agua fr&#237;a</em> (the cold water).</p><p>Remember: the word is still feminine, so adjectives remain feminine. In the plural, we say <em>las aguas</em>.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><strong>Buen vs. bueno</strong></p><p>Use <strong>buen</strong> before a masculine singular noun: <em>un buen amigo</em> (a good friend).</p><p>Use <strong>bueno</strong> after the noun or when it stands alone: <em>un amigo bueno</em> (a good friend), <em>El libro es bueno</em> (The book is good).</p><p>Before a feminine noun, use <strong>buena</strong>: <em>una buena idea</em> (a good idea).</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><strong>What is the subjunctive?</strong></p><p>The subjunctive is a verb form we often use to express wishes, doubts, feelings, or situations that are not presented as facts.</p><p>For example: <em>Ojal&#225; hubiera m&#225;s tiempo</em> means &#8220;I wish there were more time.&#8221;</p><p>Here, <strong>hubiera</strong> expresses a wish, not a fact.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><strong>Cien vs. ciento</strong></p><p>Use <strong>cien</strong> before a noun and when referring to exactly 100: <em>cien euros</em> (one hundred euros), <em>cien personas</em> (one hundred people).</p><p>Use <strong>ciento</strong> when continuing a number above 100: <em>ciento veinte euros</em> (one hundred and twenty euros), <em>ciento cincuenta personas</em> (one hundred and fifty people).</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[7. Rafael Nadal: The Power of Discipline]]></title><description><![CDATA[One of the greatest tennis players of all time, famous for winning the Roland Garros tennis tournament 14 times.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/7-rafael-nadal-the-power-of-discipline</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/7-rafael-nadal-the-power-of-discipline</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 16:02:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21z3Fs%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21z3Fs%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21z3Fs%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg" width="606" height="448.25686813186815" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z3Fs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7e4dfaf-ffe2-4de2-82cb-b00960e854e7_1600x1184.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Welcome to another edition of <em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</a></em>. In our previous chapter, we explored the life of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fellen-ochoa-from-a-dream-to-space">Ellen Ochoa</a>, the engineer, scientist, and former NASA astronaut who became the first Hispanic woman to travel into space.</p><p>In this lesson, you will discover the story of <strong>Rafael Nadal</strong>, one of the greatest tennis players of all time, famous for winning the <strong>Roland Garros tennis tournament 14 times</strong>. His journey shows how talent, discipline, and determination can help someone achieve extraordinary things.</p><p>As you read, you will learn how Rafael developed his skills, faced injuries, and continued working to overcome challenges. You will also discover how the lessons we can learn from tennis can help us learn Spanish: through regular practice, patience, and the determination to keep going, even when things get difficult. You will practice talking about <strong>habits, routines, and effort</strong> using the <strong>present tense</strong>, <strong>reflexive verbs</strong>, and useful expressions such as <strong>tener que + infinitive</strong>, <strong>esforzarse por + infinitive</strong>, and <strong>seguir + gerund</strong>.</p><p>You will also learn essential vocabulary related to <strong>sports, health, and training</strong>.</p><p>Let&#8217;s begin.</p><div><hr></div><p>Remember that you can download the PDF for this lesson by clicking the three dots and selecting &#8220;Open as PDF&#8221; as you can see below:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21BkJG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1272w, 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15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p>&#127911;You can download the audio of this story here:</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1Zn_c0Qkat1_VjRfRz-g9SH1SGFix4R3y%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing">7. Rafael Nadal: The Power of Discipline</a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Rafael Nadal</h2><p>Rafael Nadal naci&#243; el 3 de junio de 1986 en Manacor, un pueblo de la isla de Mallorca, en Espa&#241;a. Desde peque&#241;o, le gustaban mucho los deportes. Su familia tambi&#233;n estaba interesada en el deporte y, cuando Rafael era ni&#241;o, empez&#243; a jugar al tenis. </p><p>Su t&#237;o Toni Nadal fue una persona muy importante en su carrera. Toni empez&#243; a entrenarlo cuando Rafael era muy joven y le ense&#241;&#243; mucho m&#225;s que a jugar al tenis. Tambi&#233;n le ense&#241;&#243; a trabajar con disciplina, a respetar a sus rivales y a no rendirse cuando las cosas eran dif&#237;ciles. </p><p>Desde muy joven, Rafael entrenaba regularmente para mejorar su t&#233;cnica. Ten&#237;a que aprender a golpear la pelota, moverse r&#225;pidamente por la pista y prepararse para partidos largos. Tambi&#233;n necesitaba desarrollar fuerza f&#237;sica y resistencia. Para conseguir buenos resultados, no era suficiente con jugar bien un d&#237;a. Ten&#237;a que trabajar de forma constante y cuidar su cuerpo.</p><p>En 2001, cuando ten&#237;a solo 15 a&#241;os, Nadal comenz&#243; su carrera profesional. Era muy joven, pero ya demostraba que pod&#237;a competir contra jugadores con mucha m&#225;s experiencia. Poco a poco, gan&#243; partidos importantes y empez&#243; a ser conocido en el mundo del tenis. </p><p>En 2005, Rafael consigui&#243; una de las primeras grandes victorias de su carrera. Con solo 19 a&#241;os, gan&#243; el torneo Roland Garros, en Par&#237;s, por primera vez. Roland Garros es uno de los cuatro grandes torneos del tenis mundial y se juega sobre una superficie de tierra batida, tambi&#233;n llamada tierra de arcilla. Esta superficie puede hacer que los partidos sean largos y muy exigentes f&#237;sicamente.</p><p>Aquella victoria fue el comienzo de una historia extraordinaria. Nadal gan&#243; Roland Garros una y otra vez. Con el tiempo, se convirti&#243; en el jugador m&#225;s exitoso de la historia de este torneo, con un total de 14 t&#237;tulos. Por eso, muchas personas lo conocen como el rey de la tierra batida.</p><p>Pero Nadal no gan&#243; solamente en Par&#237;s. A lo largo de su carrera, tambi&#233;n consigui&#243; grandes victorias en otros torneos internacionales. Gan&#243; el Abierto de Australia, Wimbledon y el Abierto de Estados Unidos. Estos cuatro torneos forman los llamados <em>Grand Slam</em>, las competiciones m&#225;s importantes del tenis. En total, Rafael Nadal gan&#243; 22 t&#237;tulos individuales de Grand Slam.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ku07%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21ku07%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ku07!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c06de2-b147-4324-8ad7-992c826879c9_600x400.avif 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Adem&#225;s, represent&#243; a Espa&#241;a en los Juegos Ol&#237;mpicos. En 2008, gan&#243; la medalla de oro individual en los Juegos Ol&#237;mpicos de Pek&#237;n. A&#241;os despu&#233;s, en 2016, volvi&#243; a conseguir una medalla de oro, esta vez en la competici&#243;n de dobles, junto con su compa&#241;ero Marc L&#243;pez. </p><p>&#191;Cu&#225;l era su secreto? Muchas personas destacaban su talento, pero tambi&#233;n hablaban de su actitud en la pista. Nadal luchaba por cada pelota y segu&#237;a jugando incluso cuando estaba cansado. Si perd&#237;a un punto, intentaba concentrarse en el siguiente. No siempre ganaba todos los partidos, pero normalmente continuaba esforz&#225;ndose hasta el final.</p><p>Sin embargo, su carrera no fue f&#225;cil. Durante muchos a&#241;os, Nadal sufri&#243; diferentes lesiones que afectaron su cuerpo. Tuvo problemas en las rodillas, los pies y otras partes del cuerpo. A veces, el dolor le imped&#237;a jugar y ten&#237;a que abandonar una competici&#243;n o dejar de entrenar durante un tiempo.</p><p>Cuando un jugador no puede competir, puede sentir frustraci&#243;n porque quiere volver a la pista lo antes posible. Nadal tuvo que aprender a escuchar a su cuerpo, descansar y seguir las recomendaciones de los profesionales que trabajaban con &#233;l. Despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n, ten&#237;a que prepararse de nuevo, recuperar su fuerza y mejorar su condici&#243;n f&#237;sica. Este proceso pod&#237;a ser largo y complicado. </p><p>Aqu&#237; podemos preguntarnos: &#191;qu&#233; tienen en com&#250;n jugar al tenis y aprender espa&#241;ol?</p><p>A primera vista, parecen actividades muy diferentes. Una se practica en una pista y la otra normalmente se practica con libros, v&#237;deos, conversaciones y ejercicios. Pero las dos necesitan algo fundamental: la pr&#225;ctica constante.</p><p>Un tenista no aprende todos los movimientos en un d&#237;a. Tiene que repetirlos muchas veces hasta que puede realizarlos con naturalidad. Cuando comete un error, necesita analizar lo que ha pasado e intentar hacerlo mejor la pr&#243;xima vez. Del mismo modo, una persona que aprende espa&#241;ol necesita escuchar, leer, aprender palabras y practicar las mismas estructuras muchas veces.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Imagina que est&#225;s aprendiendo a utilizar los verbos <em>ser</em> y <em>estar</em>. Al principio, quiz&#225; te equivocas y tienes que pensar mucho antes de construir una frase. Puede parecer dif&#237;cil, pero, si contin&#250;as practicando, poco a poco empiezas a reconocer los patrones y a utilizarlos con m&#225;s facilidad. No necesitas aprenderlo todo inmediatamente. Necesitas darte tiempo y continuar trabajando.</p><p>Tambi&#233;n es importante aprender a aceptar los errores. En el tenis, un jugador puede perder un punto y todav&#237;a ganar el partido. En el aprendizaje de idiomas, puedes cometer un error en una frase y, aun as&#237;, comunicar tu mensaje. Un error no significa que no est&#233;s aprendiendo. Puede ayudarte a descubrir que necesitas practicar m&#225;s.</p><p>Otra lecci&#243;n importante es la constancia. Nadal pas&#243; muchos a&#241;os entrenando para alcanzar sus objetivos. No consigui&#243; todos sus t&#237;tulos de un d&#237;a para otro. De la misma manera, aprender espa&#241;ol requiere tiempo. Estudiar diez palabras hoy y repasarlas ma&#241;ana puede parecer poco, pero estos peque&#241;os esfuerzos se acumulan. Con el tiempo, puedes comprender m&#225;s, recordar mejor el vocabulario y expresarte con mayor confianza.</p><p>Finalmente, est&#225; la importancia de seguir adelante cuando las cosas se complican. Habr&#225; d&#237;as en los que no entiendas un v&#237;deo, olvides una palabra o te resulte dif&#237;cil comprender a un hablante nativo. En esos momentos, puedes sentir que no avanzas. Sin embargo, si contin&#250;as practicando y vuelves a intentarlo, tendr&#225;s m&#225;s oportunidades de mejorar.</p><p>Despu&#233;s de m&#225;s de veinte a&#241;os de carrera profesional, Nadal anunci&#243; su retirada del tenis en octubre de 2024. Su &#250;ltimo torneo profesional fue la Copa Davis, que se celebr&#243; en M&#225;laga, Espa&#241;a, en noviembre de ese a&#241;o. Durante su carrera, consigui&#243; numerosos t&#237;tulos y se convirti&#243; en uno de los deportistas espa&#241;oles m&#225;s reconocidos del mundo.</p><p>Pero su legado no se limita a los trofeos. Muchas personas lo recuerdan por su humildad, su disciplina y su capacidad para competir incluso en momentos dif&#237;ciles. Su carrera demuestra que los grandes resultados necesitan tiempo, esfuerzo y paciencia.</p><div><hr></div><h2>1. Essential Vocabulary: Sports, Health and Training</h2><h3>Activity 1: Match each word with its correct definition.</h3><p><strong>Words</strong></p><ol><li><p>tenista</p></li><li><p>raqueta</p></li><li><p>pista</p></li><li><p>torneo</p></li><li><p>entrenamiento</p></li><li><p>disciplina</p></li><li><p>esfuerzo</p></li><li><p>lesi&#243;n</p></li><li><p>recuperarse</p></li><li><p>constancia</p></li></ol><p><strong>Definitions</strong></p><p>A. Actividad que una persona realiza para practicar y mejorar sus habilidades deportivas.</p><p>B. Persona que juega al tenis.</p><p>C. Capacidad de continuar trabajando regularmente para conseguir un objetivo.</p><p>D. Superficie o lugar donde se juega un partido de tenis.</p><p>E. Instrumento que se utiliza para golpear la pelota en el tenis.</p><p>F. Competici&#243;n deportiva en la que participan diferentes jugadores.</p><p>G. Problema f&#237;sico que puede impedir que una persona practique un deporte.</p><p>H. Capacidad de organizarse, seguir unas normas y trabajar para conseguir un objetivo.</p><p>I. Volver a estar bien despu&#233;s de una enfermedad o una lesi&#243;n.</p><p>J. Trabajo y energ&#237;a que una persona utiliza para conseguir algo.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Activity 2: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.</h3><ol><li><p>Rafael Nadal fue uno de los mejores __________ de la historia del tenis.</p><p>a) cient&#237;ficos<br>b) tenistas<br>c) periodistas</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Para jugar al tenis, necesitas una __________.</p><p>a) raqueta<br>b) pelota de f&#250;tbol<br>c) bicicleta</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Los jugadores compiten en una __________ de tenis.</p><p>a) universidad<br>b) oficina<br>c) pista</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Roland Garros es un famoso __________ de tenis.</p><p>a) entrenamiento<br>b) torneo<br>c) hospital</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Nadal ten&#237;a que entrenar regularmente para __________ su t&#233;cnica.</p><p>a) mejorar<br>b) abandonar<br>c) olvidar</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n, un deportista necesita tiempo para __________.</p><p>a) competir<br>b) rendirse<br>c) recuperarse</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>La __________ ayuda a una persona a trabajar regularmente para conseguir sus objetivos.</p><p>a) lesi&#243;n<br>b) disciplina<br>c) derrota</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Nadal dedic&#243; mucho tiempo y __________ a su carrera deportiva.</p><p>a) esfuerzo<br>b) descanso<br>c) suerte</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Cuando un deportista no puede jugar debido a un problema f&#237;sico, puede tener una __________.</p><p>a) victoria<br>b) competici&#243;n<br>c) lesi&#243;n</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Un deportista necesita descansar y __________ su cuerpo.</p><p>a) perder<br>b) cuidar<br>c) abandonar</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>2. Reading Comprehension</h2><h3>Activity 3: True or False</h3><p><strong>Read the story about Rafael Nadal and decide whether each statement is true (V) or false (F).</strong></p><ol><li><p>( ) Rafael Nadal naci&#243; en Manacor, en la isla de Mallorca.</p></li><li><p>( ) Su t&#237;o Toni fue una persona importante en su formaci&#243;n como tenista.</p></li><li><p>( ) Nadal comenz&#243; su carrera profesional cuando ten&#237;a 25 a&#241;os.</p></li><li><p>( ) Gan&#243; Roland Garros por primera vez en 2005.</p></li><li><p>( ) Nadal gan&#243; Roland Garros 14 veces.</p></li><li><p>( ) Nunca tuvo problemas f&#237;sicos durante su carrera.</p></li><li><p>( ) Despu&#233;s de algunas lesiones, tuvo que descansar y recuperarse.</p></li><li><p>( ) Gan&#243; 22 t&#237;tulos individuales de Grand Slam.</p></li><li><p>( ) Se retir&#243; del tenis profesional en 2024.</p></li></ol><h3>Activity 4: Elige la respuesta correcta.</h3><ol><li><p>&#191;D&#243;nde naci&#243; Rafael Nadal?</p><p>a) Madrid, Espa&#241;a.</p><p>b) Manacor, Mallorca.</p><p>c) Barcelona, Espa&#241;a.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Qui&#233;n fue una figura importante en sus primeros a&#241;os como tenista?</p><p>a) Su t&#237;o Toni Nadal.</p><p>b) Un astronauta de la NASA.</p><p>c) Un profesor de universidad.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Qu&#233; hizo Nadal para mejorar su t&#233;cnica?</p><p>a) Dej&#243; de practicar.</p><p>b) Entren&#243; regularmente.</p><p>c) Evit&#243; participar en competiciones.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Qu&#233; consigui&#243; en Roland Garros en 2005?</p><p>a) Su primera victoria en ese torneo.</p><p>b) Su primera medalla ol&#237;mpica.</p><p>c) Su retirada profesional.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Por qu&#233; se hizo especialmente famoso en Roland Garros?</p><p>a) Porque organiz&#243; el torneo.</p><p>b) Porque gan&#243; el torneo 14 veces.</p><p>c) Porque nunca jug&#243; en tierra batida.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Qu&#233; problema tuvo que afrontar durante su carrera?</p><p>a) No le gustaba competir.</p><p>b) No ten&#237;a inter&#233;s por el deporte.</p><p>c) Sufri&#243; diferentes lesiones.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Qu&#233; necesitaba hacer despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n?</p><p>a) Recuperarse y trabajar para volver a competir.</p><p>b) Entrenar sin descansar.</p><p>c) Abandonar inmediatamente su carrera.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Cu&#225;ntos t&#237;tulos individuales de Grand Slam gan&#243;?</p><p>a) 14.</p><p>b) 18.</p><p>c) 22.</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>&#191;Qu&#233; podemos aprender de su trayectoria?</p><p>a) Que el talento es suficiente para conseguir cualquier objetivo.</p><p>b) Que la constancia y la pr&#225;ctica ayudan a mejorar.</p><p>c) Que los errores siempre significan un fracaso.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2>3. Grammar Focus: Habits, Discipline and Effort</h2><h3>Talking About Habits and Routines</h3><p>We use the <strong>present tense</strong> to talk about habits, routines and actions that happen regularly.</p><p><strong>Examples</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nadal <strong>entrena </strong>todos los d&#237;as.</p><p>(<em>Rafael trains every day.</em>)</p></li><li><p>Los deportistas <strong>cuidan </strong>su cuerpo.</p><p>(<em>Athletes take care of their bodies.)</em></p></li><li><p>Una buena estudiante <strong>practica </strong>espa&#241;ol con frecuencia.</p><p>(<em>A good student practises Spanish frequently</em>.)</p></li><li><p>Nadal <strong>aprende </strong>de sus errores.</p><p>(<em>Nadal learns from his mistakes.</em>)</p></li></ul><p><strong>Expressions used to talk about habits</strong></p><ul><li><p>todos los d&#237;as &#8212; every day</p></li><li><p>normalmente &#8212; normally</p></li><li><p>a menudo &#8212; often</p></li><li><p>con frecuencia &#8212; frequently</p></li><li><p>siempre &#8212; always</p></li><li><p>a veces &#8212; sometimes</p></li><li><p>nunca &#8212; never</p></li><li><p>regularmente &#8212; regularly</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p>If you need to <strong>review the present tense</strong>, you can check out these two posts:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;126dc500-e107-4fd2-b2ea-464429ae1c3d&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Today we are going to practice something essential and basic: how to speak in the present tense in Spanish. The present tense is the foundation of Spanish. It&#8217;s the tense you use to talk about your daily routine, your likes and dislikes, your job, your plans for the day, and everything happening right now or even in the future (we&#8217;ll see how &#128521;).&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Speaking in the Present (Part 1): Regular Verbs Made Easy&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Teaching Spanish in the simplest, clearest, and most effective way possible. Practical Spanish, fascinating stories, and everything you need to use the language with confidence.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-08T16:46:21.803Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/844f12b6-9f6e-4e57-8294-7f264495cd8d_2048x3089.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/speaking-in-the-present-part-1-regular&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:180967473,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:24,&quot;comment_count&quot;:8,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;8e288a49-8f2b-4415-880e-5deca72ed4f1&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This post is for all Spanish Makes Sense subscribers. If you want to learn Spanish step by step and enjoy the benefits of the Premium plan, I invite you to read the following post: Your Path to Fluency.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Spanish Present Tense (Part 2): Mastering Irregular Verbs&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Teaching Spanish in the simplest, clearest, and most effective way possible. Practical Spanish, fascinating stories, and everything you need to use the language with confidence.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-19T14:03:01.711Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9301f48-a175-4f45-b3fd-44d75a82d2b7_3456x5184.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/spanish-present-tense-part-2-mastering&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:181988768,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:11,&quot;comment_count&quot;:7,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><h3>Reflexive Verbs</h3><p><strong>Reflexive verbs </strong>are useful when talking about daily routines, health and personal preparation.</p><p>In Spanish, we often use reflexive verbs to describe actions that a person does to or for themselves.</p><p><strong>Examples</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nadal <strong>se prepara</strong> antes de un partido.</p><p>(<em>Nadal prepares himself before a match.</em>)</p></li><li><p>Los deportistas <strong>se cuidan</strong>.</p><p>(<em>Athletes take care of themselves.</em>)</p></li><li><p>El jugador <strong>se recupera</strong> de una lesi&#243;n.</p><p>(<em>The player recovers from an injury.</em>)</p></li><li><p>Yo <strong>me levanto</strong> temprano para estudiar.</p><p>(<em>I get up early to study.</em>)</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p>To <strong>review reflexive verbs</strong>, you can check out this post:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;8265d514-1002-4f4d-be2d-06e3e52a1163&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;One of the notes that has had a big impact is the one on reflexive verbs. You can see it here:&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Understand Reflexive Verbs Once and for All&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Teaching Spanish in the simplest, clearest, and most effective way possible. Practical Spanish, fascinating stories, and everything you need to use the language with confidence.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-10T15:21:40.075Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ce13c44-111b-4b80-aefc-5376548ec572_4864x3648.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/understand-reflexive-verbs-once-and&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:183892657,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:24,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><h3>Expressions of Effort and Perseverance</h3><p>We can use several structures to describe effort, discipline and the process of improving.</p><p><strong>1. Tener que + infinitive &#8212; to have to</strong></p><p>Use this structure to talk about obligations or things that are necessary.</p><ul><li><p>Nadal <strong>tiene que entrenar </strong>regularmente.</p><p>(<em>Nadal has to train regularly.</em>)</p></li><li><p>Los deportistas <strong>tienen que</strong> descansar.</p><p>(<em>Athletes have to rest.</em>)</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><strong>2. Esforzarse por + infinitive &#8212; to make an effort to</strong></p><p>This expression describes making an effort to achieve something.</p><ul><li><p>Nadal <strong>se esfuerza por</strong> mejorar.</p><p>(<em>Nadal makes an effort to improve.</em>)</p></li><li><p>Yo <strong>me esfuerzo por</strong> aprender espa&#241;ol.</p><p>(<em>I make an effort to learn Spanish.</em>)</p></li></ul><p>Remember that <em>esforzarse</em> is a reflexive verb. Its present-tense forms include <em>me esfuerzo</em>, <em>te esfuerzas</em>, <em>se esfuerza</em> and <em>nos esforzamos</em>.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>3. Seguir + gerund &#8212; to keep doing something</strong></p><p>Use <em>seguir</em> followed by the gerund to describe an action that continues.</p><ul><li><p>Nadal <strong>sigue entrenando</strong>.</p><p>(<em>Nadal keeps training.</em>)</p></li><li><p>La estudiante <strong>sigue practicando</strong> espa&#241;ol.</p><p>(<em>The student keeps practising Spanish.</em>)</p></li></ul><p><strong>Gerund formation</strong></p><ul><li><p>-AR &#8594; -ando: entrenar &#8594; entrenando</p></li><li><p>-ER &#8594; -iendo: aprender &#8594; aprendiendo</p></li><li><p>-IR &#8594; -iendo: vivir &#8594; viviendo</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><strong>4. Intentar + infinitive &#8212; to try to do something</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nadal <strong>intenta ganar</strong> el partido.</p><p>(<em>Nadal tries to win the match.</em>)</p></li><li><p><strong>Intentamos comprender</strong> el espa&#241;ol.</p><p>(We try to understand Spanish.)</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3>Activity 5: Choose the correct option.</h3><ol><li><p>Nadal __________ regularmente para mejorar su t&#233;cnica.</p><p>a) entrenan</p><p>b) entreno</p><p>c) entrena</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Los deportistas __________ su cuerpo para mantenerse sanos.</p><p>a) cuidan</p><p>b) cuida</p><p>c) cuido</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Nadal __________ prepara antes de un partido importante.</p><p>a) me</p><p>b) se</p><p>c) nos</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Yo __________ esfuerzo por aprender nuevas palabras en espa&#241;ol.</p><p>a) se</p><p>b) te</p><p>c) me</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Nadal tiene que __________ para competir al m&#225;ximo nivel.</p><p>a) entrenar</p><p>b) entren&#243;</p><p>c) entrenando</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Aunque est&#225; cansada, Ana sigue __________ espa&#241;ol.</p><p>a) practicar</p><p>b) practicando</p><p>c) practica</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Los jugadores se esfuerzan por __________ sus resultados.</p><p>a) mejoran</p><p>b) mejorando</p><p>c) mejorar</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n, un deportista necesita __________.</p><p>a) recuperarse</p><p>b) se recupera</p><p>c) recuperando</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3>Activity 6: Complete the sentences.</h3><p><strong>Use the correct present-tense form of the verb in parentheses.</strong></p><ol><li><p>Nadal __________ (entrenar) regularmente para mejorar su t&#233;cnica.</p></li><li><p>Los deportistas __________ (necesitar) descansar despu&#233;s de un entrenamiento dif&#237;cil.</p></li><li><p>Yo __________ (practicar) espa&#241;ol todos los d&#237;as.</p></li><li><p>Nosotros __________ (aprender) de nuestros errores.</p></li><li><p>Nadal __________ (prepararse) antes de cada partido.</p></li><li><p>T&#250; __________ (cuidarse) cuando haces deporte.</p></li><li><p>Los jugadores __________ (recuperarse) despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n.</p></li><li><p>Una buena estudiante __________ (esforzarse) por mejorar su espa&#241;ol.</p></li></ol><h3>Activity 7: Complete the sentences.</h3><p><strong>Use the correct form of the expression in parentheses.</strong></p><ol><li><p>Nadal __________ entrenar para competir al m&#225;ximo nivel. (<em>tener que</em>)</p></li><li><p>Aunque est&#225; cansado, el jugador __________ practicando. (<em>seguir</em>)</p></li><li><p>Yo __________ por comprender mejor los v&#237;deos en espa&#241;ol. (<em>esforzarse</em>)</p></li><li><p>Los deportistas __________ descansar para recuperarse. (<em>tener que</em>)</p></li><li><p>Aunque el ejercicio es dif&#237;cil, nosotros __________ aprendiendo nuevas palabras. (<em>seguir</em>)</p></li><li><p>Nadal __________ mejorar su t&#233;cnica durante los entrenamientos. (<em>intentar</em>)</p></li><li><p>T&#250; __________ por conseguir tus objetivos. (<em>esforzarse</em>)</p></li><li><p>Despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n, los jugadores necesitan __________ poco a poco. (<em>recuperarse</em>)</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>4. Sports, Health and Discipline</h2><h3>Activity 8: Choose the correct answer.</h3><ol><li><p>Una persona que practica una actividad deportiva para mejorar sus habilidades realiza un __________.</p><p>a) entrenamiento</p><p>b) planeta</p><p>c) viaje</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Cuando una persona contin&#250;a trabajando regularmente para conseguir un objetivo, demuestra __________.</p><p>a) una lesi&#243;n</p><p>b) constancia</p><p>c) cansancio</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Si un deportista tiene un problema f&#237;sico que le impide jugar, puede tener __________.</p><p>a) una victoria</p><p>b) un torneo</p><p>c) una lesi&#243;n</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Cuando una persona vuelve a estar bien despu&#233;s de una lesi&#243;n, consigue __________.</p><p>a) recuperarse</p><p>b) rendirse</p><p>c) competir</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Si quieres mejorar tu espa&#241;ol, necesitas practicar __________.</p><p>a) una sola vez</p><p>b) nunca</p><p>c) con frecuencia</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Cuando una persona contin&#250;a intent&#225;ndolo a pesar de las dificultades, no se __________.</p><p>a) prepara</p><p>b) rinde</p><p>c) cuida</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Para mantener una buena salud, los deportistas deben entrenar y tambi&#233;n __________.</p><p>a) descansar</p><p>b) abandonar</p><p>c) perder</p><div><hr></div></li><li><p>Cuando queremos decir que alguien trabaja para conseguir un objetivo, podemos decir que se __________ por mejorar.</p><p>a) recupera</p><p>b) rinde</p><p>c) esfuerza</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>Grammar Checklist</h2><p>After completing this lesson, I can...</p><p>&#10003; talk about habits and routines in the present tense.</p><p>&#10003; describe regular training and daily activities.</p><p>&#10003; recognize and use common reflexive verbs.</p><p>&#10003; use reflexive pronouns correctly.</p><p>&#10003; talk about obligations with <em>tener que + infinitive</em>.</p><p>&#10003; express effort with <em>esforzarse por + infinitive</em>.</p><p>&#10003; describe continuing actions with <em>seguir + gerund</em>.</p><p>&#10003; talk about intentions using <em>intentar + infinitive</em>.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Vocabulary Checklist</h2><p>I can recognize and use vocabulary related to:</p><p>&#10003; Tennis and sports.</p><p>&#10003; Training and competitions.</p><p>&#10003; Health and physical preparation.</p><p>&#10003; Injuries and recovery.</p><p>&#10003; Discipline and perseverance.</p><p>&#10003; Effort and improvement.</p><p>&#10003; Habits and routines.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Self-Correction Key</h2><h3>Activity 1</h3><p>1 = B</p><p>2 = E</p><p>3 = D</p><p>4 = F</p><p>5 = A</p><p>6 = H</p><p>7 = J</p><p>8 = G</p><p>9 = I</p><p>10 = C</p><h3>Activity 2</h3><p>1 = b</p><p>2 = a</p><p>3 = c</p><p>4 = b</p><p>5 = a</p><p>6 = c</p><p>7 = b</p><p>8 = a</p><p>9 = c</p><p>10 = b</p><h3>Activity 3</h3><p>1 = V</p><p>2 = V</p><p>3 = F</p><p>4 = V</p><p>5 = V</p><p>6 = F</p><p>7 = V</p><p>8 = V</p><p>9 = V</p><h3>Activity 4</h3><p>1 = b</p><p>2 = a</p><p>3 = b</p><p>4 = a</p><p>5 = b</p><p>6 = c</p><p>7 = a</p><p>8 = c</p><p>9 = b</p><h3>Activity 5</h3><p>1 = c</p><p>2 = a</p><p>3 = b</p><p>4 = c</p><p>5 = a</p><p>6 = b</p><p>7 = c</p><p>8 = a</p><h3>Activity 6</h3><ol><li><p>entrena</p></li><li><p>necesitan</p></li><li><p>practico</p></li><li><p>aprendemos</p></li><li><p>se prepara</p></li><li><p>te cuidas</p></li><li><p>se recuperan</p></li><li><p>se esfuerza</p></li></ol><h3>Activity 7</h3><ol><li><p>tiene que</p></li><li><p>sigue</p></li><li><p>me esfuerzo</p></li><li><p>tienen que</p></li><li><p>seguimos</p></li><li><p>intenta</p></li><li><p>te esfuerzas</p></li><li><p>recuperarse</p></li></ol><h3>Activity 8</h3><p>1 = a</p><p>2 = b</p><p>3 = c</p><p>4 = a</p><p>5 = c</p><p>6 = b</p><p>7 = a</p><p>8 = c</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How to Say “This” and “That” in Spanish Without Guessing]]></title><description><![CDATA[A practical guide to &#8220;este&#8221;, &#8220;ese&#8221;, &#8220;aquel&#8221; for beginner Spanish learners.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/how-to-say-this-and-that-in-spanish</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/how-to-say-this-and-that-in-spanish</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 15:14:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1000b5c8-b9ca-4990-b7be-b93ce8655944_1732x908.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21hWjG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21hWjG%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWjG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cf096c5-28d7-4e36-9b1d-47045219d3a5_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>When you start learning Spanish, words like <strong>este, ese, aquel</strong> can seem unnecessarily complicated.</p><p>Why are there so many ways to say <em>this</em> and <em>that</em>?</p><p>The good news is that there is a clear pattern behind them. <strong>Este, ese and aquel</strong> are called <strong>demonstratives</strong>. Demonstratives tell us <strong>where something is in relation to the speaker</strong>, and, in Spanish, they also change according to <strong>gender and number</strong>.</p><p>In this lesson, you&#8217;ll learn how to use:</p><ul><li><p><strong>este, esta, estos, estas</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>ese, esa, esos, esas</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>aqu&#237;, ah&#237;, all&#237; / ac&#225;, all&#225;</strong></p></li></ul><p>The lesson also includes plenty of self-study practice, so you can check your understanding as you go.</p><div><hr></div><h1>1. This, That, and That Over There</h1><p>Spanish has three basic groups of demonstratives.</p><p>Think about three distances:</p><h3>CLOSE</h3><p><strong>este / esta / estos / estas</strong></p><p>&#8594; something close to you</p><blockquote><p><strong>Este libro</strong> es interesante.<br><em>This book is interesting.</em></p><p><strong>Esta silla</strong> est&#225; libre.<br><em>This chair is free.</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3>SOME DISTANCE AWAY</h3><p><strong>ese / esa / esos / esas</strong></p><p>&#8594; something that is not immediately next to you</p><blockquote><p><strong>Ese libro</strong> es interesante.<br><em>That book is interesting.</em></p><p><strong>Esa silla</strong> est&#225; libre.<br><em>That chair is free.</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3>FARTHER AWAY</h3><p><strong>aquel / aquella / aquellos / aquellas</strong></p><p>&#8594; something farther away</p><blockquote><p><strong>Aquel edificio</strong> es muy antiguo.<br><em>That building over there is very old.</em></p><p><strong>Aquella casa</strong> es preciosa.<br><em>That house over there is beautiful.</em></p></blockquote><p>So the basic idea is:</p><p><strong>este</strong> &#8594; here / close<br><strong>ese</strong> &#8594; there / some distance away<br><strong>aquel</strong> &#8594; over there / farther away</p><div><hr></div><h1>2. The Forms of the Demonstratives</h1><p>There are three patterns to learn.</p><h2>ESTE</h2><p><strong>Masculine singular:</strong> este<br><strong>Feminine singular:</strong> esta<br><strong>Masculine plural:</strong> estos<br><strong>Feminine plural:</strong> estas</p><p>Examples:</p><blockquote><p><strong>este libro</strong><br><em>this book</em></p><p><strong>esta casa</strong><br><em>this house</em></p><p><strong>estos libros</strong><br><em>these books</em></p><p><strong>estas casas</strong><br><em>these houses</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>ESE</h2><p><strong>Masculine singular:</strong> ese<br><strong>Feminine singular:</strong> esa<br><strong>Masculine plural:</strong> esos<br><strong>Feminine plural:</strong> esas</p><p>Examples:</p><blockquote><p><strong>ese edificio</strong><br><em>that building</em></p><p><strong>esa ventana</strong><br><em>that window</em></p><p><strong>esos edificios</strong><br><em>those buildings</em></p><p><strong>esas ventanas</strong><br><em>those windows</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>AQUEL</h2><p><strong>Masculine singular:</strong> aquel<br><strong>Feminine singular:</strong> aquella<br><strong>Masculine plural:</strong> aquellos<br><strong>Feminine plural:</strong> aquellas</p><p>Examples:</p><blockquote><p><strong>aquel edificio</strong><br><em>that building over there</em></p><p><strong>aquella ventana</strong><br><em>that window over there</em></p><p><strong>aquellos edificios</strong><br><em>those buildings over there</em></p><p><strong>aquellas ventanas</strong><br><em>those windows over there</em></p></blockquote><p>The key is that demonstratives agree with the noun in <strong>gender and number</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h1>3. A Simple Pattern to Memorize</h1><p>Don&#8217;t memorize twelve words individually.</p><p>Memorize these three patterns:</p><h3>ESTE</h3><blockquote><p>este<br>esta<br>estos<br>estas</p></blockquote><h3>ESE</h3><blockquote><p>ese<br>esa<br>esos<br>esas</p></blockquote><h3>AQUEL</h3><blockquote><p>aquel<br>aquella<br>aquellos<br>aquellas</p></blockquote><p>Then ask yourself two questions:</p><p><strong>1. How far away is it?</strong></p><p><strong>2. What is the gender and number of the noun?</strong></p><p>For example:</p><blockquote><p>___ casa</p></blockquote><p><em>Casa</em> is feminine singular.</p><p>If the house is close:</p><blockquote><p><strong>esta casa</strong></p></blockquote><p>If it is farther away:</p><blockquote><p><strong>esa casa</strong></p></blockquote><p>If it is very far away:</p><blockquote><p><strong>aquella casa</strong></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 1: Choose the Correct Demonstrative</h1><p>Choose the correct option.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>_____ libro es muy interesante.</p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Este<br>c) Estos</p><h3>2.</h3><p>_____ ventanas est&#225;n abiertas.</p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Este<br>c) Esta</p><h3>3.</h3><p>_____ edificio de ah&#237; es un hotel.</p><p>a) Esa<br>b) Esas<br>c) Ese</p><h3>4.</h3><p>_____ casas son muy bonitas.</p><p>a) Esas<br>b) Ese<br>c) Esa</p><h3>5.</h3><p>_____ ordenador de aqu&#237; no funciona.</p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Este<br>c) Estos</p><h3>6.</h3><p>_____ mesas est&#225;n libres.</p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Estas<br>c) Esta</p><h3>7.</h3><p>_____ edificio de all&#237; es muy antiguo.</p><p>a) Aquella<br>b) Aquel<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>8.</h3><p>_____ calles de all&#237; son muy estrechas.</p><p>a) Aquellas<br>b) Aquel<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>9.</h3><p>_____ edificios de all&#237; son muy altos.</p><p>a) Aquellos<br>b) Aquella<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>10.</h3><p>_____ puerta est&#225; abierta.</p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Este<br>c) Esta</p><div><hr></div><h1>4. Aqu&#237;, Ah&#237;, All&#237; / Ac&#225;, All&#225;</h1><p>Demonstratives often appear together with words that indicate location.</p><p><strong>aqu&#237; / ac&#225;</strong> &#8594; here<br><strong>ah&#237;</strong> &#8594; there<br><strong>all&#237; / all&#225;</strong> &#8594; over there</p><p><strong>Aqu&#237;</strong> and <strong>ac&#225;</strong> both mean <em>&#8220;here&#8221;</em>, while <strong>all&#237;</strong> and <strong>all&#225;</strong> both mean <em>&#8220;there / over there.&#8221;</em> In many situations, they can be used interchangeably, although there can be regional preferences.</p><p>In general, <strong>aqu&#237;</strong> and <strong>all&#237;</strong> are very common in Spain, while <strong>ac&#225;</strong> and <strong>all&#225;</strong> are especially common in many parts of Latin America.</p><p>For example:</p><blockquote><p>El libro est&#225; <strong>aqu&#237;</strong>.<br><em>The book is here.</em></p><p>El ordenador est&#225; <strong>ah&#237;</strong>.<br><em>The computer is there.</em></p><p>El edificio est&#225; <strong>all&#237;</strong>.<br><em>The building is over there.</em></p></blockquote><p>You will therefore encounter:</p><blockquote><p><strong>este &#8594; aqu&#237; / ac&#225;</strong></p><p><strong>ese &#8594; ah&#237;</strong></p><p><strong>aquel &#8594; all&#237; / all&#225;</strong></p></blockquote><p>For example:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Este libro de aqu&#237;</strong> es m&#237;o.<br><em>This book here is mine.</em></p><p><strong>Ese libro de ah&#237;</strong> es tuyo.<br><em>That book there is yours.</em></p><p><strong>Aquel libro de all&#225;</strong> es de Mar&#237;a.<br><em>That book over there is Mar&#237;a&#8217;s.</em></p></blockquote><p>You don&#8217;t always need to use both forms, but <strong>this combination can make the relationship between the object and its location particularly clear</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 2: Complete with the Correct Demonstrative</h1><p>Complete each sentence with <strong>este, esta, estos, estas, ese, esa, esos, esas, aquel, aquella, aquellos</strong> or <strong>aquellas</strong>.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>_____ libro de aqu&#237; es m&#237;o.</p><h3>2.</h3><p>_____ silla de ah&#237; est&#225; ocupada.</p><h3>3.</h3><p>_____ edificios de all&#237; son muy antiguos.</p><h3>4.</h3><p>_____ puerta de aqu&#237; est&#225; abierta.</p><h3>5.</h3><p>_____ ordenador de ah&#237; es nuevo.</p><h3>6.</h3><p>_____ casas de all&#237; son preciosas.</p><h3>7.</h3><p>_____ mesa de aqu&#237; est&#225; libre.</p><h3>8.</h3><p>_____ coches de ah&#237; son el&#233;ctricos.</p><h3>9.</h3><p>_____ edificio de all&#237; es un museo.</p><h3>10.</h3><p>_____ ventanas de aqu&#237; est&#225;n cerradas.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 3: Identify the Gender and Number</h1><p>Look at the noun and choose the demonstrative that agrees with it.</p><h3>1. libro &#8212; masculine singular</h3><p>a) esta<br>b) este<br>c) estos</p><h3>2. casas &#8212; feminine plural</h3><p>a) estas<br>b) este<br>c) esta</p><h3>3. edificio &#8212; masculine singular</h3><p>a) esa<br>b) ese<br>c) esos</p><h3>4. ventanas &#8212; feminine plural</h3><p>a) ese<br>b) esas<br>c) esa</p><h3>5. ordenador &#8212; masculine singular</h3><p>a) esta<br>b) estos<br>c) este</p><h3>6. mesas &#8212; feminine plural</h3><p>a) estas<br>b) este<br>c) esta</p><h3>7. coche &#8212; masculine singular</h3><p>a) aquella<br>b) aquellos<br>c) aquel</p><h3>8. calles &#8212; feminine plural</h3><p>a) aquella<br>b) aquellos<br>c) aquellas</p><h3>9. edificios &#8212; masculine plural</h3><p>a) aquel<br>b) aquellos<br>c) aquella</p><h3>10. puerta &#8212; feminine singular</h3><p>a) aquella<br>b) aquellos<br>c) aquel</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 4: Complete the Pattern</h1><p>Choose the correct form.</p><h3>1.</h3><p><strong>este &#8594; esta &#8594; _____ &#8594; estas</strong></p><p>a) estos<br>b) estes<br>c) estas</p><h3>2.</h3><p><strong>ese &#8594; esa &#8594; esos &#8594; _____</strong></p><p>a) esas<br>b) esasas<br>c) esa</p><h3>3.</h3><p><strong>aquel &#8594; _____ &#8594; aquellos &#8594; aquellas</strong></p><p>a) aquel<br>b) aquella<br>c) aquellas</p><h3>4.</h3><p><strong>este &#8594; _____ &#8594; estos &#8594; estas</strong></p><p>a) esta<br>b) este<br>c) estes</p><h3>5.</h3><p><strong>_____ &#8594; esa &#8594; esos &#8594; esas</strong></p><p>a) ese<br>b) esta<br>c) aquel</p><h3>6.</h3><p><strong>aquel &#8594; aquella &#8594; _____ &#8594; aquellas</strong></p><p>a) aquellos<br>b) aquellas<br>c) aquel</p><h3>7.</h3><p><strong>este &#8594; esta &#8594; estos &#8594; _____</strong></p><p>a) esta<br>b) estas<br>c) estos</p><h3>8.</h3><p><strong>ese &#8594; _____ &#8594; esos &#8594; esas</strong></p><p>a) esa<br>b) esas<br>c) ese</p><h3>9.</h3><p><strong>_____ &#8594; aquella &#8594; aquellos &#8594; aquellas</strong></p><p>a) aquel<br>b) ese<br>c) este</p><h3>10.</h3><p><strong>este &#8594; esta &#8594; _____ &#8594; estas</strong></p><p>a) esas<br>b) estos<br>c) aquellos</p><div><hr></div><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h2>Are you enjoying the lesson so far?</h2><p>If you are, there&#8217;s much more waiting for you.</p><p>With a <strong>paid subscription</strong>, you&#8217;ll get access to:</p><ul><li><p>Complete Spanish courses by level</p></li><li><p>Graded stories with audio</p></li><li><p>Vocabulary and grammar lessons</p></li><li><p>Exclusive and future premium content</p></li><li><p>Every new lesson published during your subscription</p></li></ul><p><strong>Already a subscriber? Thank you for supporting Spanish Makes Sense!</strong></p><p>And remember, you can also <strong>gift a subscription</strong> to someone learning Spanish.</p><p><strong>Ready to keep learning? Become a premium subscriber.</strong></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p></div><h1>Practice 5: Which Distance?</h1><p>Choose the correct demonstrative according to the distance indicated.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>The book is <strong>close to you</strong>.</p><p>_____ libro.</p><p>a) ese<br>b) este<br>c) aquel</p><h3>2.</h3><p>The house is <strong>some distance away</strong>.</p><p>_____ casa.</p><p>a) esta<br>b) aquella<br>c) esa</p><h3>3.</h3><p>The buildings are <strong>farther away</strong>.</p><p>_____ edificios.</p><p>a) estos<br>b) esos<br>c) aquellos</p><h3>4.</h3><p>The chairs are <strong>close to you</strong>.</p><p>_____ sillas.</p><p>a) estas<br>b) esas<br>c) aquellas</p><h3>5.</h3><p>The window is <strong>some distance away</strong>.</p><p>_____ ventana.</p><p>a) esta<br>b) esa<br>c) aquella</p><h3>6.</h3><p>The streets are <strong>farther away</strong>.</p><p>_____ calles.</p><p>a) estas<br>b) esas<br>c) aquellas</p><h3>7.</h3><p>The computer is <strong>close to you</strong>.</p><p>_____ ordenador.</p><p>a) este<br>b) ese<br>c) aquel</p><h3>8.</h3><p>The cars are <strong>some distance away</strong>.</p><p>_____ coches.</p><p>a) estos<br>b) esos<br>c) aquellos</p><h3>9.</h3><p>The door is <strong>farther away</strong>.</p><p>_____ puerta.</p><p>a) esta<br>b) esa<br>c) aquella</p><h3>10.</h3><p>The books are <strong>close to you</strong>.</p><p>_____ libros.</p><p>a) esos<br>b) aquellos<br>c) estos</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 6: Choose the Correct Demonstrative in Context</h1><p>Choose the best option.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>Look at the book in your hands:</p><blockquote><p>_____ libro es muy interesante.</p></blockquote><p>a) Ese<br>b) Este<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>2.</h3><p>You point to a chair a few metres away:</p><blockquote><p>_____ silla est&#225; libre.</p></blockquote><p>a) Esta<br>b) Esa<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>3.</h3><p>You point to a building far away:</p><blockquote><p>_____ edificio es muy antiguo.</p></blockquote><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>4.</h3><p>You are holding some keys:</p><blockquote><p>_____ llaves son m&#237;as.</p></blockquote><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>5.</h3><p>You point to some cars across the street:</p><blockquote><p>_____ coches son nuevos.</p></blockquote><p>a) Estos<br>b) Esos<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>6.</h3><p>You point to some mountains in the distance:</p><blockquote><p>_____ monta&#241;as son preciosas.</p></blockquote><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>7.</h3><p>You are sitting next to a table:</p><blockquote><p>_____ mesa es muy peque&#241;a.</p></blockquote><p>a) Esta<br>b) Esa<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>8.</h3><p>You point to a restaurant a little farther away:</p><blockquote><p>_____ restaurante parece bueno.</p></blockquote><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>9.</h3><p>You point to some houses at the end of the street:</p><blockquote><p>_____ casas son muy bonitas.</p></blockquote><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>10.</h3><p>You are looking at a phone in your hand:</p><blockquote><p>_____ tel&#233;fono no funciona.</p></blockquote><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 7: Demonstrative + Location</h1><p>Choose the combination that makes the most sense.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>_____ libro est&#225; <strong>aqu&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>2.</h3><p>_____ silla est&#225; <strong>ah&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Esa<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>3.</h3><p>_____ edificio est&#225; <strong>all&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>4.</h3><p>_____ casas est&#225;n <strong>aqu&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>5.</h3><p>_____ coches est&#225;n <strong>ah&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Esos<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>6.</h3><p>_____ monta&#241;as est&#225;n <strong>all&#225;</strong>.</p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>7.</h3><p>_____ puerta est&#225; <strong>aqu&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Esa<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>8.</h3><p>_____ restaurante est&#225; <strong>ah&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>9.</h3><p>_____ edificios est&#225;n <strong>all&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Esos<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>10.</h3><p>_____ ventanas est&#225;n <strong>aqu&#237;</strong>.</p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 8: Choose the Correct Combination</h1><p>Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>_____ libro de aqu&#237; es m&#237;o.</p><p>a) Este<br>b) Esta<br>c) Estos</p><h3>2.</h3><p>_____ casas de ah&#237; son muy grandes.</p><p>a) Ese<br>b) Esas<br>c) Esos</p><h3>3.</h3><p>_____ edificio de all&#237; es un hotel.</p><p>a) Aquella<br>b) Aquellos<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>4.</h3><p>_____ ventanas de aqu&#237; est&#225;n abiertas.</p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Estas<br>c) Esta</p><h3>5.</h3><p>_____ coches de ah&#237; son el&#233;ctricos.</p><p>a) Esos<br>b) Esas<br>c) Ese</p><h3>6.</h3><p>_____ calles de all&#237; son muy estrechas.</p><p>a) Aquellas<br>b) Aquel<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>7.</h3><p>_____ ordenador de aqu&#237; es nuevo.</p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Este<br>c) Estos</p><h3>8.</h3><p>_____ mesas de ah&#237; est&#225;n ocupadas.</p><p>a) Esas<br>b) Ese<br>c) Esa</p><h3>9.</h3><p>_____ edificios de all&#237; son muy altos.</p><p>a) Aquella<br>b) Aquel<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>10.</h3><p>_____ puerta de aqu&#237; est&#225; cerrada.</p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Este<br>c) Estas</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 9: Find the Mistake</h1><p>Each sentence contains a mistake. Choose the correct version.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Esta libro</strong> es interesante.</p><p>a) Este libro<br>b) Esta libros<br>c) Estos libro</p><h3>2.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Estos casa</strong> es muy bonita.</p><p>a) Este casa<br>b) Esta casa<br>c) Estas casa</p><h3>3.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Esas edificio</strong> est&#225; ah&#237;.</p><p>a) Ese edificio<br>b) Esos edificio<br>c) Esa edificio</p><h3>4.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Aquel ventanas</strong> est&#225;n abiertas.</p><p>a) Aquella ventanas<br>b) Aquellas ventanas<br>c) Aquellos ventanas</p><h3>5.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Estas ordenador</strong> no funciona.</p><p>a) Este ordenador<br>b) Esta ordenador<br>c) Estos ordenadores</p><h3>6.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Ese mesas</strong> est&#225;n libres.</p><p>a) Esa mesas<br>b) Esos mesas<br>c) Esas mesas</p><h3>7.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Aquellos casa</strong> es muy grande.</p><p>a) Aquella casa<br>b) Aquellas casa<br>c) Aquel casas</p><h3>8.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Esta edificios</strong> son antiguos.</p><p>a) Este edificios<br>b) Estos edificios<br>c) Estas edificio</p><h3>9.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Aquel calles</strong> son estrechas.</p><p>a) Aquellas calles<br>b) Aquella calles<br>c) Aquellos calle</p><h3>10.</h3><p>&#10060; <strong>Esas coche</strong> es nuevo.</p><p>a) Ese coche<br>b) Esos coche<br>c) Esa coches</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 10: Complete the Sentence</h1><p>Choose the correct demonstrative.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>_____ libro es m&#237;o.<br><strong>(close / masculine singular)</strong></p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>2.</h3><p>_____ silla est&#225; libre.<br><strong>(some distance / feminine singular)</strong></p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Esa<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>3.</h3><p>_____ edificios son antiguos.<br><strong>(far away / masculine plural)</strong></p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Esos<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>4.</h3><p>_____ ventanas est&#225;n abiertas.<br><strong>(close / feminine plural)</strong></p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>5.</h3><p>_____ ordenador no funciona.<br><strong>(some distance / masculine singular)</strong></p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>6.</h3><p>_____ casas son preciosas.<br><strong>(far away / feminine plural)</strong></p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><h3>7.</h3><p>_____ mesa est&#225; aqu&#237;.<br><strong>(close / feminine singular)</strong></p><p>a) Esta<br>b) Esa<br>c) Aquella</p><h3>8.</h3><p>_____ coches est&#225;n ah&#237;.<br><strong>(some distance / masculine plural)</strong></p><p>a) Estos<br>b) Esos<br>c) Aquellos</p><h3>9.</h3><p>_____ edificio est&#225; all&#237;.<br><strong>(far away / masculine singular)</strong></p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>10.</h3><p>_____ puertas est&#225;n aqu&#237;.<br><strong>(close / feminine plural)</strong></p><p>a) Estas<br>b) Esas<br>c) Aquellas</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 11: Mixed Review</h1><p>Choose the correct demonstrative without any extra clues.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>_____ libro de aqu&#237; es muy bueno.</p><p>a) Este<br>b) Ese<br>c) Aquel</p><h3>2.</h3><p>&#191;Ves _____ edificio de ah&#237;?</p><p>a) este<br>b) ese<br>c) aquel</p><h3>3.</h3><p>_____ monta&#241;as de all&#237; son impresionantes.</p><p>a) estas<br>b) esas<br>c) aquellas</p><h3>4.</h3><p>_____ casa est&#225; muy cerca de nosotros.</p><p>a) esta<br>b) esa<br>c) aquella</p><h3>5.</h3><p>Mira _____ coches de ah&#237;.</p><p>a) estos<br>b) esos<br>c) aquellos</p><h3>6.</h3><p>_____ edificios de aqu&#237; son nuevos.</p><p>a) estos<br>b) esos<br>c) aquellos</p><h3>7.</h3><p>_____ puerta de all&#237; es la entrada.</p><p>a) esta<br>b) esa<br>c) aquella</p><h3>8.</h3><p>_____ ventanas de ah&#237; est&#225;n cerradas.</p><p>a) estas<br>b) esas<br>c) aquellas</p><h3>9.</h3><p>_____ ordenador que tengo aqu&#237; es nuevo.</p><p>a) este<br>b) ese<br>c) aquel</p><h3>10.</h3><p>_____ casas al final de la calle son muy antiguas.</p><p>a) estas<br>b) esas<br>c) aquellas</p><div><hr></div><h1>Practice 12: Final Challenge</h1><p>Choose the correct answer.</p><h3>1.</h3><p>The object is close + masculine singular:</p><p>a) este<br>b) esta<br>c) estos<br>d) estas</p><h3>2.</h3><p>The object is at some distance + feminine singular:</p><p>a) ese<br>b) esa<br>c) esos<br>d) esas</p><h3>3.</h3><p>The object is far away + masculine plural:</p><p>a) aquel<br>b) aquella<br>c) aquellos<br>d) aquellas</p><h3>4.</h3><p>The object is close + feminine plural:</p><p>a) este<br>b) esta<br>c) estos<br>d) estas</p><h3>5.</h3><p>The object is at some distance + masculine plural:</p><p>a) ese<br>b) esa<br>c) esos<br>d) esas</p><h3>6.</h3><p>The object is far away + feminine singular:</p><p>a) aquel<br>b) aquella<br>c) aquellos<br>d) aquellas</p><h3>7.</h3><p>Which sentence is correct?</p><p>a) Este casa es grande.<br>b) Esta casa es grande.<br>c) Estos casa es grande.</p><h3>8.</h3><p>Which sentence is correct?</p><p>a) Esos ventanas est&#225;n abiertas.<br>b) Esa ventanas est&#225;n abiertas.<br>c) Esas ventanas est&#225;n abiertas.</p><h3>9.</h3><p>Which sentence is correct?</p><p>a) Aquel edificios son antiguos.<br>b) Aquellos edificios son antiguos.<br>c) Aquellas edificios son antiguos.</p><h3>10.</h3><p>Which sentence is correct?</p><p>a) Estas libro es interesante.<br>b) Este libro es interesante.<br>c) Estos libro es interesante.</p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h1>Answer Key</h1><h2>Practice 1</h2><ol><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Ese</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Esta</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 2</h2><ol><li><p><strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>esa</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>esta</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>ese</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>esta</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>esos</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>aquel</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>estas</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 3</h2><ol><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>estas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>ese</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>esas</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>estas</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>aquella</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 4</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>estos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>esas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>aquella</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>esta</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>ese</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>estas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>esa</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>estos</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 5</h2><ol><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>esa</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>estas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>esa</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>esos</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquella</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>estos</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 6</h2><ol><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esa</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esos</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esta</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Ese</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 7</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esa</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esos</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esta</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Ese</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 8</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esas</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esas</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esta</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 9</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este libro</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esta casa</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Ese edificio</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Aquellas ventanas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este ordenador</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Esas mesas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Aquella casa</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Estos edificios</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Aquellas calles</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Ese coche</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 10</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esa</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Ese</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Esta</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esos</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Aquel</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Estas</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 11</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>Este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>ese</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquellas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>esta</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>esos</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>estos</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquella</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>esas</strong></p></li><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquellas</strong></p></li></ol><h2>Practice 12</h2><ol><li><p>a &#8212; <strong>este</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>esa</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>aquellos</strong></p></li><li><p>d &#8212; <strong>estas</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>esos</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>aquella</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Esta casa es grande.</strong></p></li><li><p>c &#8212; <strong>Esas ventanas est&#225;n abiertas.</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Aquellos edificios son antiguos.</strong></p></li><li><p>b &#8212; <strong>Este libro es interesante.</strong></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h1>The Pattern to Remember</h1><p>If you remember only one thing from this lesson, remember this:</p><h3>DISTANCE</h3><p><strong>ESTE</strong> &#8594; close</p><p><strong>ESE</strong> &#8594; there / some distance away</p><p><strong>AQUEL</strong> &#8594; farther away</p><p>Then change the ending according to the noun:</p><blockquote><p><strong>este &#8594; esta &#8594; estos &#8594; estas</strong></p><p><strong>ese &#8594; esa &#8594; esos &#8594; esas</strong></p><p><strong>aquel &#8594; aquella &#8594; aquellos &#8594; aquellas</strong></p></blockquote><p>Then ask yourself:</p><p><strong>1. Where is the object?</strong><br><strong>2. Is the noun masculine or feminine?</strong><br><strong>3. Is it singular or plural?</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s enough to choose the correct demonstrative.</p><p>And remember:</p><blockquote><p><strong>este libro</strong> &#8594; this book<br><strong>esa casa</strong> &#8594; that house<br><strong>aquellos edificios</strong> &#8594; those buildings over there</p></blockquote><p>Once you see the pattern, Spanish demonstratives become much easier to manage.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Simple Way to Learn More Spanish Vocabulary]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why reading can be more effective than memorizing endless word lists.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-simple-way-to-learn-more-spanish</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-simple-way-to-learn-more-spanish</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 15:03:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure 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numbers&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="brown wooden blocks with numbers" title="brown wooden blocks with numbers" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1592431913823-7af6b323da9b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxNHx8bGV0dGVyc3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk5MDc3ODF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1592431913823-7af6b323da9b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxNHx8bGV0dGVyc3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk5MDc3ODF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1592431913823-7af6b323da9b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxNHx8bGV0dGVyc3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk5MDc3ODF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1592431913823-7af6b323da9b?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxNHx8bGV0dGVyc3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODk5MDc3ODF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40seffen99">Sven Brandsma</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>There are plenty of ways to learn Spanish vocabulary. You can make flashcards, use an app, write lists of new words, review vocabulary every day...</p><p>And these methods can work.</p><p>But personally, I don&#8217;t think you need to spend hours memorizing individual words to build a strong Spanish vocabulary.</p><p><strong>One of my favorite ways to learn vocabulary is through reading, especially graded reading.</strong></p><p>If you&#8217;ve never heard the term <strong>graded readers</strong>, these are books or stories that have been specially adapted or written for language learners at a particular level. The vocabulary and grammar are controlled so that an beginner learner, for example, isn&#8217;t suddenly confronted with a text written for a native Spanish speaker.</p><p>This makes them very different from simply picking up a normal Spanish novel.</p><p>And there is another reason I particularly like them for vocabulary.</p><p>When you read a story that is appropriate for your level, you naturally come across the same words again and again. You see them in different sentences, different situations, and together with other words around them.</p><p>You don&#8217;t just learn that <strong>despertarse (to wake up)</strong> means &#8220;to wake up.&#8221;</p><p>You see things like:</p><p><em>Me despierto a las siete.</em><br>(I wake up at seven.)</p><p><em>Ana se despert&#243; muy temprano.</em><br>(Ana woke up very early.)</p><p><em>Los domingos me gusta despertarme tarde.</em><br>(On Sundays I like to wake up late.)</p><p>And little by little, the word becomes familiar.</p><p>That&#8217;s very different from looking at a flashcard that simply says:</p><p><strong>despertarse &#8594; to wake up</strong></p><p>The goal isn&#8217;t to memorize every new word you encounter.</p><p>The goal is to <strong>meet useful vocabulary repeatedly in meaningful contexts</strong>.</p><p>And reading is one of the best ways to do that.</p><h2>1. Start with graded readers</h2><p>If you&#8217;re a beginner, don&#8217;t start with a normal Spanish novel just because someone told you that reading is good for learning languages.</p><p>You&#8217;ll probably spend more time looking up words than actually reading.</p><p>Instead, look for books or stories specifically designed for Spanish learners. Many of them clearly indicate their level: <strong>A1, A2, B1, B2</strong>, etc.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21W2Ci%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21W2Ci%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg" width="420" height="630" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W2Ci!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2347539a-f949-4f19-9829-65b233f376db_1024x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Here you can see an example of a book with its level indicated.</figcaption></figure></div><p>The idea is simple: the text should be challenging enough for you to discover new language, but not so difficult that you have to translate every sentence.</p><p>If you&#8217;re not sure whether a book is too difficult, try the <strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-5-finger-rule-your-secret-weapon%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb%26amp%3BshowWelcomeOnShare%3Dtrue">five-finger rule</a></strong>.</p><p>Read a page and count how many words you don&#8217;t know.</p><p>If you&#8217;re constantly stopping to look things up, the book is probably too difficult for you.</p><p>If you understand almost everything, you may be ready for something more challenging.</p><p>The sweet spot is somewhere in between: <strong>you understand most of the text, but you are still discovering new language.</strong></p><h2>2. Choose stories you actually want to read</h2><p>This sounds obvious, but it&#8217;s incredibly important.</p><p>If you don&#8217;t enjoy crime novels, don&#8217;t force yourself to read one because someone recommended it as a &#8220;good Spanish book.&#8221;</p><p>If you love history, read about history.</p><p>If you like travel, read travel stories.</p><p>If you enjoy mysteries, find a mystery.</p><p>The more interested you are in the story, the less it will feel like studying.</p><p>And that&#8217;s exactly what we&#8217;re looking for.</p><h2>3. Don&#8217;t look up every word</h2><p>This is probably one of the biggest mistakes learners make when reading.</p><p>You see an unfamiliar word.</p><p>You stop.</p><p>You open a dictionary.</p><p>You check the translation.</p><p>You write it down.</p><p>And after five minutes, you&#8217;ve barely read two sentences.</p><p><strong>You don&#8217;t need to understand every word to understand a story.</strong></p><p>Try to guess the meaning from the context first.</p><p>Sometimes you&#8217;ll be right. Sometimes you&#8217;ll be wrong.</p><p>That&#8217;s okay.</p><p>If the word is important, you&#8217;ll probably see it again.</p><p>And when you encounter it several times, its meaning will gradually become clearer.</p><h2>4. Let repetition do the work</h2><p>This is one of the main reasons I like graded readers so much.</p><p>Imagine you learn the word <strong>aunque (although)</strong>.</p><p>You see it once and forget it.</p><p>Then you see it again:</p><p><em>Aunque est&#225; cansado, trabaja.</em><br>(Although he is tired, he works.)</p><p>Later:</p><p><em>Aunque no tengo mucho tiempo, leo todos los d&#237;as.</em><br>(Although I don&#8217;t have much time, I read every day.)</p><p>And later:</p><p><em>Aunque vive en Madrid, viaja mucho.</em><br>(Although she lives in Madrid, she travels a lot.)</p><p>You are not sitting down and trying to memorize <strong>aunque</strong> twenty times.</p><p>You&#8217;re simply encountering it repeatedly.</p><p><strong>That&#8217;s vocabulary acquisition happening in the background.</strong></p><p>The more you read, the more often this happens.</p><h2>5. What I recommend at different levels</h2><h3>A1&#8211;A2</h3><p>At this stage, I would stick mainly to graded readers written specifically for beginners.</p><p>Some options worth checking out:</p><ul><li><p><strong>First Spanish Reader for Beginners</strong> by Mar&#237;a Victoria De Stefano</p></li><li><p><strong>Pobre Ana</strong> by Blaine Ray</p></li><li><p><strong>Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners</strong> by Olly Richards</p></li><li><p><strong>Viaje a Madrid</strong> by Cristina L&#243;pez</p></li></ul><p>The important thing isn&#8217;t finding the &#8220;perfect&#8221; book.</p><p>It&#8217;s finding something you can actually understand and enjoy.</p><h3>B1&#8211;B2</h3><p>Once you reach an intermediate level, you have many more options.</p><p>You can still use graded readers, but you can also start experimenting with material created for native speakers.</p><p>Some possibilities:</p><ul><li><p><strong>El Principito</strong> by Antoine de Saint-Exup&#233;ry</p></li><li><p><strong>Short Stories in Spanish for Intermediate Learners</strong> by Olly Richards</p></li><li><p><strong>Graded readers</strong> from <strong>Black Cat</strong></p></li><li><p>Spanish newspapers and online articles: <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2F%3Fed%3Des">El Pa&#237;s</a>, <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fethic.es%2F">Ethic</a>, etc.</p></li></ul><p>At this level, you can also start reading books that you already know in English. Knowing the story beforehand makes it much easier to concentrate on the Spanish.</p><h3>C1+</h3><p>At an advanced level, you can move towards authentic literature, newspapers, essays, and whatever interests you.</p><p>Some books I particularly like for learners at this stage include:</p><ul><li><p><strong>La sombra del viento</strong> &#8212; Carlos Ruiz Zaf&#243;n</p></li><li><p><strong>La casa de los esp&#237;ritus</strong> &#8212; Isabel Allende</p></li><li><p><strong>Ficciones</strong> &#8212; Jorge Luis Borges</p></li><li><p><strong>Poemas de otros</strong> &#8212; Mario Benedetti</p></li></ul><p>At this point, the objective isn&#8217;t simply to learn individual words.</p><p>You&#8217;re developing a feeling for how Spanish is actually used.</p><p>You&#8217;re noticing expressions, combinations of words, different ways of expressing ideas, and the rhythm of the language.</p><h2>6. My own recommendation: stories with extra practice</h2><p>If you like the idea of learning vocabulary through stories, I&#8217;ve also created something specifically around this approach.</p><p><strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhispanohablantes-que-hicieron-historia">Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</a></strong> is a collection of graded stories about famous Spanish speakers who made an impact in history, culture, science, music, and other areas.</p><p>The idea is not simply to give you a story and tell you to read it.</p><p>Each story comes with <strong>exercises and audio</strong>, so you can read, listen, review the vocabulary and grammar, and practice your comprehension.</p><p>This gives you several ways to encounter the same language instead of simply memorizing isolated vocabulary.</p><p>And because the stories are graded, you can work with Spanish that is appropriate for your level while gradually expanding your vocabulary.</p><p>Puedes disfrutar de la primera historia aqu&#237;: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;5aead58d-96f2-479a-b0a0-01c9dd50f90d&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Welcome to the very first edition of Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia &#8212; a new premium series inside Spanish Makes Sense designed to help you learn Spanish naturally through stories and culture.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;1. Gabriel Garc&#237;a Marquez: From a Small Colombian Town to the Whole World&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-18T23:40:08.384Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07XP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d7c632b-cccc-44c9-b79c-cc88d8849869_1344x890.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/1-gabriel-garcia-marquez-from-a-small&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Stories in Spanish&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197930220,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:21,&quot;comment_count&quot;:10,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>If the stories in <strong>Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</strong> are still too advanced for you, that&#8217;s okay.</p><p>You can start with <strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fel-curso-1-your-path-to-fluency%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">El Curso 1</a></strong>.</p><p>In Course 1, I take you step by step from the very beginning towards being able to understand Spanish at a conversational level. I also use stories as part of the learning process, so you can get used to understanding Spanish in context from an early stage.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2>The bottom line</h2><p>You don&#8217;t need to memorize thousands of isolated words to build a strong Spanish vocabulary.</p><p>You need to meet useful words <strong>again and again, in meaningful contexts</strong>.</p><p>That&#8217;s why I recommend making reading a regular part of your Spanish learning.</p><p>Find a story that is appropriate for your level.</p><p>Read a little every day.</p><p>Don&#8217;t stop for every unfamiliar word.</p><p>Let the repetition do some of the work.</p><p>And, most importantly, <strong>enjoy the story.</strong></p><p>I&#8217;d also love to hear from you:</p><p><strong>What are your favorite books or stories in Spanish?</strong></p><p>Share your recommendations in the comments. They might help another Spanish learner find their next great read.</p><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[6. Ellen Ochoa: From a Dream to Space]]></title><description><![CDATA[A Hispanic Woman Who Reached the Stars.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/ellen-ochoa-from-a-dream-to-space</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/ellen-ochoa-from-a-dream-to-space</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 15:01:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21k1_z%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21k1_z%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21k1_z%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp" width="452" height="452" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1_z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1195b7e8-e0f8-4fcb-93d4-9550ee0349c9_1200x1200.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Welcome to another edition of <em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</a></em>. In our previous chapter, we explored the life of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fpenelope-cruz-from-madrid-to-hollywood%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dpost%2520viewer">Pen&#233;lope Cruz</a>, that great Spanish actress who achieved fame both in her home country and abroad. </p><p>In this lesson, you will discover the story of <strong>Ellen Ochoa</strong>, an engineer, scientist, and former NASA astronaut who became the <strong>first Hispanic woman to travel into space</strong>. Her story begins with a young girl who loved learning and eventually takes her all the way to the stars.</p><p>As you read, you will learn how Ellen turned her interest in science and technology into an extraordinary career. You will also practice talking about <strong>dreams, goals, plans, and the future</strong> using the <strong>simple future</strong>, as well as useful structures such as <strong>querer + infinitive</strong> and <strong>pensar + infinitive</strong>.</p><p>You will also learn essential vocabulary related to <strong>space, technology, and education</strong>.</p><p>Let&#8217;s begin.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Remember that you can download the PDF for this lesson by clicking the three dots and selecting &#8220;Open as PDF&#8221; as you can see below:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21BkJG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21BkJG%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg" width="901" height="542" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:542,&quot;width&quot;:901,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:46985,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></div><div><hr></div><p>&#127911;You can download the audio of this story here:</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1bAIu8hxOqLadyFjujQEFAZCc_QoaZj27%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing">6. Ellen Ochoa: From a Dream to Space</a></p><div><hr></div><h1>Ellen Ochoa</h1><p>Ellen Ochoa naci&#243; en Los &#193;ngeles, California, en 1958. Sus padres eran de origen mexicano y, desde peque&#241;a, Ellen aprendi&#243; que la educaci&#243;n pod&#237;a abrir muchas puertas. </p><p>Cuando era ni&#241;a, Ellen no pod&#237;a imaginar que alg&#250;n d&#237;a viajar&#237;a al espacio. En aquella &#233;poca, ser astronauta parec&#237;a un sue&#241;o muy lejano. Sin embargo, desde joven ten&#237;a mucho inter&#233;s por las matem&#225;ticas, la ciencia y la tecnolog&#237;a. Le gustaba aprender c&#243;mo funcionaban las cosas y resolver problemas.</p><p>En la escuela, Ellen era una buena estudiante. Despu&#233;s de terminar el instituto, estudi&#243; f&#237;sica en la Universidad Estatal de San Diego. M&#225;s tarde, continu&#243; sus estudios en la Universidad de Stanford, donde obtuvo un m&#225;ster y despu&#233;s un doctorado en ingenier&#237;a el&#233;ctrica.</p><p>Durante sus estudios, Ellen trabaj&#243; en diferentes proyectos cient&#237;ficos. Su investigaci&#243;n estaba relacionada con la tecnolog&#237;a y con sistemas que pod&#237;an ayudar a las m&#225;quinas a reconocer objetos y obtener informaci&#243;n. En otras palabras, estaba trabajando con tecnolog&#237;as que permit&#237;an a los ordenadores &#8220;ver&#8221; y analizar im&#225;genes.</p><p>En aquel momento, Ellen todav&#237;a no era astronauta. Su carrera estaba principalmente relacionada con la ingenier&#237;a y la investigaci&#243;n. Sin embargo, su trabajo llam&#243; la atenci&#243;n de la NASA.</p><p>Ellen decidi&#243; presentar su candidatura para ser astronauta. No fue seleccionada la primera vez, pero no abandon&#243; su objetivo. Continu&#243; trabajando como ingeniera y cient&#237;fica y volvi&#243; a intentarlo. Finalmente, en 1990, fue seleccionada como astronauta de la NASA.</p><p>Para Ellen, este fue un momento extraordinario. Durante a&#241;os hab&#237;a estudiado, trabajado y aprendido muchas cosas. Ahora tendr&#237;a la oportunidad de hacer algo que muy pocas personas hab&#237;an hecho antes: viajar al espacio.</p><p>Pero convertirse en astronauta no significaba que inmediatamente pudiera subir a una nave espacial. Primero tuvo que completar un largo periodo de entrenamiento. Los astronautas necesitan aprender muchas cosas antes de viajar al espacio. Tienen que estudiar sistemas de la nave, aprender procedimientos de seguridad, entrenarse para situaciones dif&#237;ciles y trabajar como parte de un equipo.</p><p>Despu&#233;s de a&#241;os de preparaci&#243;n, lleg&#243; el gran momento. En abril de 1993, Ellen Ochoa viaj&#243; al espacio por primera vez a bordo del transbordador espacial Discovery. Se convirti&#243; en la primera mujer de origen hispano en viajar al espacio.</p><p>Su misi&#243;n dur&#243; nueve d&#237;as y durante ese tiempo la tripulaci&#243;n realiz&#243; diferentes experimentos y trabajos cient&#237;ficos. Ellen utiliz&#243; sus conocimientos de ingenier&#237;a para ayudar con las tareas de la misi&#243;n.</p><p>Para muchas personas, aquel viaje fue una inspiraci&#243;n. Ellen no solo hab&#237;a conseguido un sue&#241;o personal. Tambi&#233;n hab&#237;a demostrado que una mujer de origen mexicano pod&#237;a convertirse en ingeniera, cient&#237;fica y astronauta.</p><p>Y su carrera espacial no termin&#243; con aquel primer viaje. Ellen viaj&#243; al espacio otras tres veces. En total, particip&#243; en cuatro misiones espaciales y pas&#243; casi 1.000 horas en el espacio. </p><p>Cada misi&#243;n era diferente y presentaba nuevos desaf&#237;os. Los astronautas ten&#237;an que trabajar juntos, realizar experimentos y resolver problemas. Para Ellen, cada viaje era tambi&#233;n una oportunidad para aprender algo nuevo. </p><p>Pero Ellen Ochoa no solo quer&#237;a viajar al espacio. Tambi&#233;n quer&#237;a ayudar a otras personas a descubrir el mundo de la ciencia y la tecnolog&#237;a. </p><p>Despu&#233;s de sus misiones espaciales, continu&#243; trabajando para la NASA. En 2013 se convirti&#243; en directora del Johnson Space Center en Houston, Texas. Como directora, ten&#237;a una gran responsabilidad. El Johnson Space Center es uno de los centros m&#225;s importantes de la NASA y est&#225; relacionado con el entrenamiento de astronautas y muchas misiones espaciales.</p><p>La historia de Ellen tambi&#233;n demuestra que los sue&#241;os pueden cambiar con el tiempo. Cuando era joven, quiz&#225; no sab&#237;a exactamente qu&#233; profesi&#243;n tendr&#237;a en el futuro. Primero descubri&#243; su inter&#233;s por la ciencia. Despu&#233;s estudi&#243; f&#237;sica. M&#225;s tarde se especializ&#243; en ingenier&#237;a. Finalmente, se convirti&#243; en astronauta. No tuvo un camino perfectamente planificado desde el principio. Su carrera se fue construyendo poco a poco.</p><p>Cuando pensamos en el futuro, muchas cosas pueden parecer dif&#237;ciles o incluso imposibles. Pero quiz&#225; nuestros sue&#241;os tambi&#233;n pueden cambiar nuestra vida de maneras que todav&#237;a no podemos imaginar.</p><div><hr></div><h1>1. Essential Vocabulary: Space, Technology and Education</h1><h2>Activity 1: Match each word with its correct definition.</h2><p><strong>Words</strong></p><ol><li><p>astronauta</p></li><li><p>espacio</p></li><li><p>nave espacial</p></li><li><p>planeta</p></li><li><p>cient&#237;fico</p></li><li><p>ingeniero/a</p></li><li><p>tecnolog&#237;a</p></li><li><p>estudios</p></li><li><p>universidad</p></li><li><p>investigaci&#243;n</p></li></ol><p><strong>Definitions</strong></p><p>A. Persona que dise&#241;a, construye o desarrolla soluciones utilizando conocimientos cient&#237;ficos y t&#233;cnicos.</p><p>B. Conjunto de conocimientos y herramientas utilizados para crear nuevas soluciones.</p><p>C. Lugar donde una persona puede estudiar despu&#233;s del instituto.</p><p>D. Persona que viaja al espacio como parte de una misi&#243;n.</p><p>E. Actividad que una persona realiza para aprender y prepararse para una profesi&#243;n.</p><p>F. Veh&#237;culo dise&#241;ado para viajar fuera de la Tierra.</p><p>G. Estudio realizado para descubrir o aprender algo nuevo.</p><p>H. Persona que estudia la ciencia y trabaja para comprender c&#243;mo funciona el mundo.</p><p>I. Regi&#243;n que existe m&#225;s all&#225; de la atm&#243;sfera terrestre.</p><p>J. Cuerpo celeste que gira alrededor de una estrella.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Activity 2: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.</h2><ol><li><p>Ellen Ochoa fue una __________ de la NASA.</p><p>a) profesora<br>b) periodista<br>c) astronauta</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="2"><li><p>Ellen ten&#237;a mucho inter&#233;s por la ciencia y la __________.</p><p>a) tecnolog&#237;a<br>b) m&#250;sica<br>c) literatura</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="3"><li><p>Para ser astronauta, tuvo que estudiar muchos a&#241;os en la __________.</p><p>a) estaci&#243;n<br>b) universidad<br>c) nave</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="4"><li><p>Ellen estudi&#243; __________ antes de especializarse en ingenier&#237;a.</p><p>a) f&#237;sica<br>b) historia<br>c) medicina</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="5"><li><p>Una __________ espacial puede viajar fuera de la Tierra.</p><p>a) universidad<br>b) profesi&#243;n<br>c) nave</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="6"><li><p>Los astronautas trabajan en el __________.</p><p>a) espacio<br>b) museo<br>c) oc&#233;ano</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="7"><li><p>Ellen realiz&#243; diferentes proyectos de __________ durante su carrera.</p><p>a) investigaci&#243;n<br>b) turismo<br>c) cocina</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="8"><li><p>Un __________ utiliza conocimientos cient&#237;ficos para resolver problemas.</p><p>a) turista<br>b) astronauta<br>c) ingecniero</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="9"><li><p>La educaci&#243;n puede ayudarnos a conseguir nuestros __________.</p><p>a) planetas<br>b) objetivos<br>c) cohetes</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="10"><li><p>Ellen quer&#237;a __________ a los j&#243;venes a estudiar ciencia.</p><p>a) inspirar<br>b) olvidar<br>c) detener</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h1>2. Reading Comprehension</h1><h2>Activity 3: True or False</h2><ol><li><p>( ) Ellen Ochoa naci&#243; en M&#233;xico.</p></li><li><p>( ) Desde joven le interesaban las matem&#225;ticas y la ciencia.</p></li><li><p>( ) Estudi&#243; f&#237;sica en la universidad.</p></li><li><p>( ) Tambi&#233;n estudi&#243; ingenier&#237;a el&#233;ctrica.</p></li><li><p>( ) Fue seleccionada como astronauta en 1990.</p></li><li><p>( ) Viaj&#243; al espacio por primera vez en 1993.</p></li><li><p>( ) Fue la primera mujer hispana en viajar al espacio.</p></li><li><p>( ) Solo viaj&#243; una vez al espacio.</p></li><li><p>( ) M&#225;s tarde fue directora del Johnson Space Center.</p></li></ol><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Thanks for reading <em>Spanish Makes Sense</em>. </p><p>As an independent creator, I build every resource with care to help you make steady progress in Spanish.</p><p>To access the activities for this lesson and the accompanying audio, upgrade to a paid subscription.</p><p>By becoming a premium member, you&#8217;ll not only unlock all current and future premium content, you&#8217;ll also help me continue creating high-quality Spanish learning resources every week.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Spanish Prepositions of Place: Stop Translating from English]]></title><description><![CDATA[Understand how Spanish expresses location and avoid the most common mistakes English speakers make.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/spanish-prepositions-of-place-stop</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/spanish-prepositions-of-place-stop</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2026 13:12:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213mDf%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F48fe5aed-409a-454a-baf9-13ee22611543_1024x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%213mDf%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F48fe5aed-409a-454a-baf9-13ee22611543_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3mDf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48fe5aed-409a-454a-baf9-13ee22611543_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3mDf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48fe5aed-409a-454a-baf9-13ee22611543_1024x1536.png 848w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>If you want to describe where something is in Spanish, you need a small but extremely important group of words: <strong>prepositions of place</strong>.</p><p>Words like <strong>next to, behind, in front of, between, above, below, inside,</strong> and <strong>outside</strong> may seem simple. But they can become surprisingly confusing when you try to translate them directly from English.</p><p>Today we&#8217;re going to study <strong>how Spanish builds these expressions</strong>, so you can use them naturally.</p><div><hr></div><h2>A quick note about <em>por</em> and <em>para</em></h2><p>You may notice that <strong>por</strong> and <strong>para</strong> can sometimes appear when we talk about location.</p><p>We&#8217;re not going to cover them in this lesson because I&#8217;ve already dedicated a full lesson to this important distinction.</p><p>If you haven&#8217;t studied <strong>por vs. para</strong> yet, I strongly recommend reading that post before continuing:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;774eb131-cf35-4cf8-9d44-96f881721ee8&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;In today's lesson, we are going to master the use of por and para, one of the headaches for everyone learning Spanish.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Por or Para? No More Confusion&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-08-18T17:25:09.788Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb91d8b4-c134-4bf4-a7d1-be692daf233b_2880x1928.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;cover_image_crop&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/stop-mixing-up-por-and-para&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:171190898,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:40,&quot;comment_count&quot;:14,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>For this lesson, we&#8217;re going to focus on the other essential prepositions and expressions you need to describe <strong>where people and things are</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h1>1. The most important idea: Spanish loves &#8220;de&#8221;</h1><p>One of the first things English speakers need to understand is that many Spanish expressions of location are built like this:</p><p><strong>[location word] + de + [person/thing]</strong></p><p>For example:</p><p><strong>delante de</strong> = in front of<br><strong>detr&#225;s de</strong> = behind<br><strong>encima de</strong> = on top of / above<br><strong>debajo de</strong> = underneath / below<br><strong>al lado de</strong> = next to<br><strong>cerca de</strong> = near<br><strong>lejos de</strong> = far from<br><strong>enfrente de</strong> = opposite / across from<br><strong>dentro de</strong> = inside<br><strong>fuera de</strong> = outside</p><p>Look at the pattern:</p><blockquote><p>El coche est&#225; <strong>delante </strong><em><strong>de</strong></em><strong> la casa</strong>.<br>The car is <strong>in front of the house</strong>.</p><p>El gato est&#225; <strong>debajo </strong><em><strong>de</strong></em><strong> la mesa</strong>.<br>The cat is <strong>under the table</strong>.</p><p>La farmacia est&#225; <strong>al lado </strong><em><strong>del</strong></em><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-1" target="_self">1</a><em><strong> </strong></em><strong>supermercado</strong>.<br>The pharmacy is <strong>next to the supermarket</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>This is one of the most useful patterns to learn as a whole.</p><div><hr></div><h1>2. EN &#8212; in, on, at</h1><p>Let&#8217;s start with one of the most important Spanish prepositions: <strong>en</strong>.</p><p>English has several common prepositions for location:</p><p><strong>in</strong><br><strong>on</strong><br><strong>at</strong></p><p>Spanish very often uses just one:</p><p><strong>en</strong></p><p>For example:</p><blockquote><p>Estoy <em><strong>en</strong></em><strong> casa</strong>.<br>I&#8217;m <strong>at home</strong>.</p><p>Vivo <em><strong>en</strong></em><strong> Madrid</strong>.<br>I live <strong>in Madrid</strong>.</p><p>El libro est&#225; <em><strong>en</strong></em><strong> la mesa</strong>.<br>The book is <strong>on the table</strong>.</p><p>Estamos <em><strong>en</strong></em><strong> el restaurante</strong>.<br>We&#8217;re <strong>at the restaurant</strong>.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>3. AL LADO DE &#8212; next to / beside</h1><p><strong>Al lado de</strong> means <strong>next to</strong> or <strong>beside</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>El banco est&#225; <em><strong>al lado del</strong></em><strong> supermercado</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The bank is next to the supermarket.</p><blockquote><p>Ana est&#225; <em><strong>al lado de</strong></em><strong> Carlos</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>Ana is next to Carlos.</p><p>Notice something important:</p><p><strong>al lado de + el &#8594; al lado del</strong></p><p>This is because:</p><p><strong>de + el = del</strong></p><p>So:</p><blockquote><p>al lado de el supermercado &#10060;<br>al lado del supermercado &#10003;</p></blockquote><p>This contraction is mandatory in Spanish.</p><div><hr></div><h1>4. CERCA DE &#8212; near</h1><p><strong>Cerca de</strong> means <strong>near</strong> or <strong>close to</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>Vivo <strong>cerca de la universidad</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>I live near the university.</p><blockquote><p>El hotel est&#225; <strong>cerca del centro</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The hotel is near the city center.</p><p>Again:</p><p><strong>cerca de + el &#8594; cerca del</strong></p><blockquote><p>cerca del centro</p></blockquote><p>Not:</p><blockquote><p>&#10060; cerca de el centro</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>5. LEJOS DE &#8212; far from</h1><p>The opposite of <strong>cerca de</strong> is:</p><p><strong>lejos de</strong></p><blockquote><p>Mi casa est&#225; <strong>lejos del centro</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>My house is far from the city center.</p><blockquote><p>El aeropuerto est&#225; <strong>lejos de aqu&#237;</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The airport is far from here.</p><p>A useful pair to memorize:</p><p><strong>cerca de &#8596; lejos de</strong></p><blockquote><p>La estaci&#243;n est&#225; <strong>cerca del hotel</strong>.<br>El aeropuerto est&#225; <strong>lejos del hotel</strong>.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>6. DELANTE DE &#8212; in front of</h1><p><strong>Delante de</strong> means <strong>in front of</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>El coche est&#225; <strong>delante de la casa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The car is in front of the house.</p><blockquote><p>Hay un &#225;rbol <strong>delante del edificio</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>There is a tree in front of the building.</p><p>Notice again:</p><p><strong>delante de + el &#8594; delante del</strong></p><h3>Don&#8217;t forget the &#8220;de&#8221;</h3><p>A very common mistake is to say:</p><blockquote><p>&#10060; delante la casa</p></blockquote><p>You need:</p><blockquote><p><strong>delante </strong><em><strong>de</strong></em><strong> la casa</strong></p></blockquote><p>Think of <strong>delante de</strong> as one unit.</p><div><hr></div><h1>7. DETR&#193;S DE &#8212; behind</h1><p><strong>Detr&#225;s de</strong> means <strong>behind</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>El jard&#237;n est&#225; <strong>detr&#225;s de la casa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The garden is behind the house.</p><blockquote><p>El ni&#241;o est&#225; <strong>detr&#225;s del &#225;rbol</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The boy is behind the tree.</p><p>The pattern is:</p><p><strong>detr&#225;s de + noun</strong></p><p>And again:</p><p><strong>de + el = del</strong></p><blockquote><p>detr&#225;s del &#225;rbol</p></blockquote><h3>A useful contrast</h3><p><strong>delante de</strong> = in front of<br><strong>detr&#225;s de</strong> = behind</p><blockquote><p>El coche est&#225; <strong>delante de la casa</strong>.<br>El jard&#237;n est&#225; <strong>detr&#225;s de la casa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>These two are worth learning together.</p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h1>8. ENFRENTE DE &#8212; opposite / across from</h1><p>This one deserves special attention because English doesn&#8217;t always use exactly the same structure.</p><p><strong>Enfrente de</strong> is commonly used to describe something that is <strong>opposite</strong> or <strong>across from</strong> something else.</p><blockquote><p>La farmacia est&#225; <strong>enfrente del banco</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The pharmacy is opposite the bank.</p><blockquote><p>El restaurante est&#225; <strong>enfrente de mi hotel</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The restaurant is across from my hotel.</p><p>For example, imagine you&#8217;re giving directions:</p><blockquote><p>El museo est&#225; enfrente de la estaci&#243;n.</p></blockquote><p>The museum is across from the station.</p><h3>Don&#8217;t confuse it with <em>delante de</em></h3><p><strong>delante de</strong> = in front of<br><strong>enfrente de</strong> = opposite / across from</p><p>Compare:</p><blockquote><p>El coche est&#225; <strong>delante del edificio</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The car is physically in front of the building.</p><blockquote><p>El banco est&#225; <strong>enfrente del supermercado</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The bank is on the opposite side, facing the supermarket.</p><p>It's true that these two prepositions are sometimes mixed up and confused, but it's good to keep this small difference in mind.</p><div><hr></div><h1>9. ENTRE &#8212; between / among</h1><p><strong>Entre</strong> means <strong>between</strong> or <strong>among</strong>.</p><p>Unlike many of the expressions we&#8217;ve seen, <strong>entre does not need de</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>El caf&#233; est&#225; <strong>entre el banco y la farmacia</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The caf&#233; is between the bank and the pharmacy.</p><p>Notice the structure:</p><p><strong>entre + A + y + B</strong></p><blockquote><p>entre Mar&#237;a y Carlos<br>entre la escuela y el parque<br>entre el sof&#225; y la ventana</p></blockquote><p>Not:</p><blockquote><p>&#10060; entre de la escuela y el parque</p></blockquote><p>Simply:</p><blockquote><p><strong>entre la escuela y el parque</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Between two things</h3><blockquote><p>El hotel est&#225; entre la estaci&#243;n y el aeropuerto.</p></blockquote><h3>Among a group</h3><blockquote><p>Estoy entre amigos.</p></blockquote><p>I&#8217;m among friends.</p><div><hr></div><h1>10. ENCIMA DE &#8212; on top of / above</h1><p><strong>Encima de</strong> means <strong>on top of</strong> or <strong>above</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>El libro est&#225; <strong>encima de la mesa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The book is on the table.</p><blockquote><p>Las llaves est&#225;n <strong>encima del escritorio</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The keys are on the desk.</p><p>This is different from the basic use of <strong>en</strong>.</p><p>Compare:</p><blockquote><p>El libro est&#225; <strong>en la mesa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The book is on the table.</p><blockquote><p>El libro est&#225; <strong>encima de la mesa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The book is on top of the table.</p><p><strong>Encima de</strong> emphasizes the position above/on top of something.</p><h3>A useful opposite</h3><p><strong>encima de &#8596; debajo de</strong></p><div><hr></div><h1>11. DEBAJO DE &#8212; under / underneath / below</h1><p><strong>Debajo de</strong> means <strong>under</strong>, <strong>underneath</strong>, or <strong>below</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>El gato est&#225; <strong>debajo de la mesa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The cat is under the table.</p><blockquote><p>Los zapatos est&#225;n <strong>debajo de la cama</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The shoes are under the bed.</p><p>Again:</p><p><strong>debajo de + noun</strong></p><blockquote><p>debajo de la mesa<br>debajo del sof&#225;<br>debajo de la cama</p></blockquote><p>And:</p><p><strong>de + el &#8594; del</strong></p><blockquote><p>debajo del sof&#225;</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>12. DENTRO DE &#8212; inside</h1><p><strong>Dentro de</strong> means <strong>inside</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>Las llaves est&#225;n <strong>dentro del bolso</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The keys are inside the bag.</p><blockquote><p>Hay mucha gente <strong>dentro del restaurante</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>There are many people inside the restaurant.</p><p>You can use it for physical spaces and containers:</p><blockquote><p>dentro de la casa<br>dentro del coche<br>dentro de la caja<br>dentro del bolso</p></blockquote><h3>Opposite</h3><p><strong>dentro de &#8596; fuera de</strong></p><div><hr></div><h1>13. FUERA DE &#8212; outside</h1><p><strong>Fuera de</strong> means <strong>outside</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>Hay una mesa <strong>fuera del restaurante</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>There is a table outside the restaurant.</p><blockquote><p>Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n <strong>fuera de la casa</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The children are outside the house.</p><p>Again:</p><p><strong>fuera de + noun</strong></p><blockquote><p>fuera de la escuela<br>fuera del edificio<br>fuera de casa</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>14. A LA DERECHA DE &#8212; to the right of</h1><p>To say that something is on the right side of something else, use:</p><p><strong>a la derecha de</strong></p><blockquote><p>El banco est&#225; <strong>a la derecha del supermercado</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The bank is to the right of the supermarket.</p><blockquote><p>La farmacia est&#225; <strong>a la derecha de la estaci&#243;n</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The pharmacy is to the right of the station.</p><p>Notice that we use <strong>la</strong> because <strong>derecha</strong> is feminine:</p><p><strong>a la derecha de</strong></p><div><hr></div><h1>15. A LA IZQUIERDA DE &#8212; to the left of</h1><p>The opposite is:</p><p><strong>a la izquierda de</strong></p><blockquote><p>El hotel est&#225; <strong>a la izquierda del banco</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The hotel is to the left of the bank.</p><blockquote><p>La farmacia est&#225; <strong>a la izquierda de la escuela</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>The pharmacy is to the left of the school.</p><p>Learn these as a pair:</p><p><strong>a la derecha de &#8596; a la izquierda de</strong></p><div><hr></div><h1>The pattern you should remember</h1><p>At this point, you may have noticed something.</p><p>Many Spanish expressions of place follow the same basic formula:</p><p><strong>LOCATION + DE + PERSON/THING</strong></p><p>For example:</p><blockquote><p><strong>al lado </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>la casa<br><strong>cerca </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>la estaci&#243;n<br><strong>delante </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>el hotel &#8594; <strong>delante del hotel</strong><br><strong>detr&#225;s </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>la escuela<br><strong>encima </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>la mesa<br><strong>debajo </strong><em><strong>de</strong></em> el sof&#225; &#8594; <strong>debajo del sof&#225;</strong><br><strong>dentro </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>la caja<br><strong>fuera </strong><em><strong>de</strong> </em>el restaurante</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>One more important rule: DE + EL = DEL</h1><p>You will see this everywhere.</p><p>When <strong>de</strong> is followed by <strong>el</strong>, they combine:</p><p><strong>de + el = del</strong></p><p>For example:</p><blockquote><p>cerca <strong>del</strong> hotel<br>detr&#225;s <strong>del</strong> coche<br>delante <strong>del</strong> banco<br>encima <strong>del</strong> sof&#225;<br>debajo <strong>del</strong> &#225;rbol<br>dentro <strong>del</strong> restaurante<br>fuera <strong>del</strong> edificio</p></blockquote><p>But this does <strong>not</strong> happen with feminine nouns:</p><blockquote><p>cerca <strong>de la</strong> estaci&#243;n<br>detr&#225;s <strong>de la</strong> casa<br>encima <strong>de la</strong> mesa</p></blockquote><p>And it does not happen with <strong>un</strong>:</p><blockquote><p>cerca <strong>de un</strong> hotel<br>detr&#225;s <strong>de un</strong> coche</p></blockquote><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#9997;&#65039;Let&#8217;s practice!</strong></h2><p>Now let&#8217;s see if you can use these expressions without translating word for word.</p><p><strong>A. Choose the correct preposition. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><p><strong>1.</strong> El gato est&#225; ___ la mesa.<br>a) debajo de<br>b) entre<br>c) enfrente de</p><p><strong>2.</strong> La farmacia est&#225; ___ el banco. Est&#225;n en lados opuestos de la calle.<br>a) debajo de<br>b) enfrente de<br>c) dentro de</p><p><strong>3.</strong> El supermercado est&#225; ___ mi casa. Puedo caminar all&#237; en dos minutos.<br>a) cerca de<br>b) lejos de<br>c) detr&#225;s de</p><p><strong>4.</strong> El coche est&#225; ___ la casa, as&#237; que no puedo verlo desde la ventana.<br>a) detr&#225;s de<br>b) encima de<br>c) entre</p><p><strong>5.</strong> El restaurante est&#225; ___ el hotel y la estaci&#243;n.<br>a) dentro de<br>b) entre<br>c) fuera de</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Las llaves est&#225;n ___ el bolso.<br>a) dentro de<br>b) enfrente de<br>c) detr&#225;s de</p><p><strong>7.</strong> El banco est&#225; ___ la farmacia. La farmacia est&#225; a la derecha.<br>a) a la derecha de<br>b) a la izquierda de<br>c) encima de</p><p><strong>8.</strong> Hay una silla ___ la mesa.<br>a) al lado de<br>b) lejos de<br>c) fuera de</p><p><strong>9.</strong> El aeropuerto est&#225; ___ la ciudad. Est&#225; a 40 kil&#243;metros.<br>a) cerca de<br>b) lejos de<br>c) encima de</p><p><strong>10.</strong> El libro est&#225; ___ el escritorio.<br>a) encima de<br>b) entre<br>c) fuera de</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>B. Complete the sentence. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><p><strong>1.</strong> El hotel est&#225; ________ la estaci&#243;n. They are next to each other.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> El gato est&#225; ________ el sof&#225;. It is underneath it.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> La escuela est&#225; ________ el parque. The park is on the opposite side of the street.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> El coche est&#225; ________ la casa. You can&#8217;t see it because the house is blocking it.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> La farmacia est&#225; ________ el banco. The bank is on its right.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n ________ la casa. They are not inside.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> El supermercado est&#225; ________ mi casa. I can walk there in five minutes.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> Las llaves est&#225;n ________ la mesa. They are on top of it.</p><p><strong>9.</strong> El restaurante est&#225; ________ la estaci&#243;n y el hotel.</p><p><strong>10.</strong> Hay muchas personas ________ el restaurante.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>C. Choose the correct Spanish sentence</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> The bank is next to the supermarket.</p><p>a) El banco est&#225; cerca el supermercado.<br>b) El banco est&#225; al lado del supermercado.<br>c) El banco est&#225; al lado de el supermercado.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> The cat is under the table.</p><p>a) El gato est&#225; debajo de la mesa.<br>b) El gato est&#225; debajo la mesa.<br>c) El gato est&#225; debajo del mesa.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> The pharmacy is opposite the hotel.</p><p>a) La farmacia est&#225; enfrente del hotel.<br>b) La farmacia est&#225; enfrente de hotel.<br>c) La farmacia est&#225; delante el hotel.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> The keys are inside the bag.</p><p>a) Las llaves est&#225;n dentro la bolsa.<br>b) Las llaves est&#225;n dentro de la bolsa.<br>c) Las llaves est&#225;n dentro del bolsa.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> The car is behind the house.</p><p>a) El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s de la casa.<br>b) El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s la casa.<br>c) El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s del casa.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> The supermarket is far from the airport.</p><p>a) El supermercado est&#225; lejos el aeropuerto.<br>b) El supermercado est&#225; lejos de la aeropuerto.<br>c) El supermercado est&#225; lejos del aeropuerto.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> The restaurant is between the bank and the hotel.</p><p>a) El restaurante est&#225; entre el banco y el hotel.<br>b) El restaurante est&#225; entre de el banco y el hotel.<br>c) El restaurante est&#225; entre del banco y el hotel.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> The book is on the table.</p><p>a) El libro est&#225; en la mesa.<br>b) El libro est&#225; a la mesa.<br>c) El libro est&#225; de la mesa.</p><p><strong>9.</strong> The hotel is to the left of the bank.</p><p>a) El hotel est&#225; a la izquierda del banco.<br>b) El hotel est&#225; en la izquierda del banco.<br>c) El hotel est&#225; a izquierda de el banco.</p><p><strong>10.</strong> The children are outside the house.</p><p>a) Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n fuera la casa.<br>b) Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n fuera de la casa.<br>c) Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n fuera del casa.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>D. Find the mistake. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-4" target="_self">4</a></p><p><strong>1.</strong> El banco est&#225; al lado de el supermercado.</p><p>a) El banco est&#225; al lado del supermercado.<br>b) El banco est&#225; al lado la supermercado.<br>c) El banco est&#225; al lado del supermercado de.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> El gato est&#225; debajo la mesa.</p><p>a) El gato est&#225; debajo de la mesa.<br>b) El gato est&#225; debajo del mesa.<br>c) El gato est&#225; debajo a la mesa.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> La farmacia est&#225; enfrente del la escuela.</p><p>a) La farmacia est&#225; enfrente de la escuela.<br>b) La farmacia est&#225; enfrente del escuela.<br>c) La farmacia est&#225; enfrente a la escuela.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s el edificio.</p><p>a) El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s del edificio.<br>b) El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s de el edificio.<br>c) El coche est&#225; detr&#225;s al edificio.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Vivo cerca el centro.</p><p>a) Vivo cerca de el centro.<br>b) Vivo cerca del centro.<br>c) Vivo cerca al centro.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> El libro est&#225; encima del mesa.</p><p>a) El libro est&#225; encima de la mesa.<br>b) El libro est&#225; encima de el mesa.<br>c) El libro est&#225; encima a la mesa.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> La estaci&#243;n est&#225; entre de la escuela y el banco.</p><p>a) La estaci&#243;n est&#225; entre la escuela y el banco.<br>b) La estaci&#243;n est&#225; entre de la escuela y del banco.<br>c) La estaci&#243;n est&#225; entre la escuela y del banco.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> Los zapatos est&#225;n dentro del caja.</p><p>a) Los zapatos est&#225;n dentro de la caja.<br>b) Los zapatos est&#225;n dentro de el caja.<br>c) Los zapatos est&#225;n dentro a la caja.</p><p><strong>9.</strong> El hotel est&#225; a la derecha del supermercado.</p><p>a) Correct<br>b) El hotel est&#225; en la derecha del supermercado.<br>c) El hotel est&#225; a derecha de el supermercado.</p><p><strong>10.</strong> La escuela est&#225; fuera el centro.</p><p>a) La escuela est&#225; fuera del centro.<br>b) La escuela est&#225; fuera de el centro.<br>c) La escuela est&#225; fuera al centro.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>E. Choose the best translation. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-5" target="_self">5</a></p><p><strong>1.</strong> The car is in front of the house.</p><p>a) El coche est&#225; delante de la casa.<br>b) El coche est&#225; delante la casa.<br>c) El coche est&#225; enfrente de la casa.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> The bank is next to the pharmacy.</p><p>a) El banco est&#225; al lado de la farmacia.<br>b) El banco est&#225; al lado la farmacia.<br>c) El banco est&#225; cerca la farmacia.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> The dog is behind the sofa.</p><p>a) El perro est&#225; detr&#225;s el sof&#225;.<br>b) El perro est&#225; detr&#225;s del sof&#225;.<br>c) El perro est&#225; detr&#225;s de la sof&#225;.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> The keys are on the table.</p><p>a) Las llaves est&#225;n a la mesa.<br>b) Las llaves est&#225;n en la mesa.<br>c) Las llaves est&#225;n de la mesa.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> The restaurant is between the hotel and the station.</p><p>a) El restaurante est&#225; entre el hotel y la estaci&#243;n.<br>b) El restaurante est&#225; entre del hotel y la estaci&#243;n.<br>c) El restaurante est&#225; entre de el hotel y la estaci&#243;n.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> The supermarket is near my house.</p><p>a) El supermercado est&#225; cerca mi casa.<br>b) El supermercado est&#225; cerca de mi casa.<br>c) El supermercado est&#225; al lado mi casa.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> The airport is far from the city.</p><p>a) El aeropuerto est&#225; lejos de la ciudad.<br>b) El aeropuerto est&#225; lejos la ciudad.<br>c) El aeropuerto est&#225; lejos del ciudad.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> The shoes are under the bed.</p><p>a) Los zapatos est&#225;n debajo la cama.<br>b) Los zapatos est&#225;n debajo de la cama.<br>c) Los zapatos est&#225;n debajo del cama.</p><p><strong>9.</strong> The museum is opposite the bank.</p><p>a) El museo est&#225; enfrente del banco.<br>b) El museo est&#225; enfrente de el banco.<br>c) El museo est&#225; delante del banco.</p><p><strong>10.</strong> The children are outside the school.</p><p>a) Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n fuera la escuela.<br>b) Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n fuera de la escuela.<br>c) Los ni&#241;os est&#225;n fuera del escuela.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>F. Choose the sentence that best matches the situation. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-6" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-6" target="_self">6</a></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Your friend is standing immediately beside you.</p><p>a) Est&#225; lejos de m&#237;.<br>b) Est&#225; al lado de m&#237;.<br>c) Est&#225; fuera de m&#237;.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> The cat is underneath the chair.</p><p>a) El gato est&#225; encima de la silla.<br>b) El gato est&#225; debajo de la silla.<br>c) El gato est&#225; dentro de la silla.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> The restaurant is across the street from the hotel.</p><p>a) El restaurante est&#225; enfrente del hotel.<br>b) El restaurante est&#225; dentro del hotel.<br>c) El restaurante est&#225; detr&#225;s del hotel.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Your keys are inside your bag.</p><p>a) Las llaves est&#225;n fuera del bolso.<br>b) Las llaves est&#225;n dentro del bolso.<br>c) Las llaves est&#225;n debajo del bolso.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> The bank is to the right of the pharmacy.</p><p>a) El banco est&#225; a la izquierda de la farmacia.<br>b) El banco est&#225; a la derecha de la farmacia.<br>c) El banco est&#225; detr&#225;s de la farmacia.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Your house is 500 meters from the supermarket.</p><p>a) Tu casa est&#225; cerca del supermercado.<br>b) Tu casa est&#225; dentro del supermercado.<br>c) Tu casa est&#225; encima del supermercado.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> The garden is behind the house.</p><p>a) El jard&#237;n est&#225; delante de la casa.<br>b) El jard&#237;n est&#225; detr&#225;s de la casa.<br>c) El jard&#237;n est&#225; enfrente de la casa.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> The caf&#233; is between the bank and the hotel.</p><p>a) El caf&#233; est&#225; entre el banco y el hotel.<br>b) El caf&#233; est&#225; detr&#225;s del banco y el hotel.<br>c) El caf&#233; est&#225; dentro del banco y el hotel.</p><p><strong>9.</strong> The book is physically on top of the desk.</p><p>a) El libro est&#225; encima del escritorio.<br>b) El libro est&#225; debajo del escritorio.<br>c) El libro est&#225; fuera del escritorio.</p><p><strong>10.</strong> The airport is 50 kilometers from the city.</p><p>a) El aeropuerto est&#225; cerca de la ciudad.<br>b) El aeropuerto est&#225; al lado de la ciudad.<br>c) El aeropuerto est&#225; lejos de la ciudad.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>G. Choose the correct answer. Answers in the footnotes. </strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-7" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-7" target="_self">7</a></p><p><strong>1.</strong> El cine est&#225; ___ el restaurante y el banco.</p><p>a) entre<br>b) detr&#225;s de<br>c) fuera de</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Vivo ___ una estaci&#243;n de metro.</p><p>a) cerca de<br>b) cerca<br>c) cerca del de</p><p><strong>3.</strong> El coche est&#225; ___ el edificio.</p><p>a) delante de<br>b) delante<br>c) delante al</p><p><strong>4.</strong> El perro est&#225; ___ la casa.</p><p>a) fuera de<br>b) fuera<br>c) fuera del de</p><p><strong>5.</strong> El supermercado est&#225; ___ mi apartamento.</p><p>a) al lado de<br>b) al lado<br>c) al lado a</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Las llaves est&#225;n ___ el caj&#243;n.</p><p>a) dentro del<br>b) dentro de el<br>c) dentro la</p><p><strong>7.</strong> La farmacia est&#225; ___ la izquierda del banco.</p><p>a) a<br>b) en<br>c) de</p><p><strong>8.</strong> El hotel est&#225; ___ la derecha del restaurante.</p><p>a) a<br>b) en<br>c) de</p><p><strong>9.</strong> El gato est&#225; ___ la mesa.</p><p>a) encima de<br>b) encima<br>c) encima a</p><p><strong>10.</strong> La estaci&#243;n est&#225; ___ del centro.</p><p>a) lejos<br>b) lejos de<br>c) lejos a</p><p><strong>11.</strong> El banco est&#225; ___ el supermercado. They are on opposite sides of the street.</p><p>a) enfrente de<br>b) detr&#225;s de<br>c) debajo de</p><p><strong>12.</strong> El coche est&#225; ___ del &#225;rbol.</p><p>a) detr&#225;s<br>b) detr&#225;s de<br>c) detr&#225;s a</p><p><strong>13.</strong> El libro est&#225; ___ la mochila.</p><p>a) dentro de<br>b) dentro<br>c) dentro a</p><p><strong>14.</strong> La escuela est&#225; ___ parque.</p><p>a) enfrente del<br>b) enfrente de el<br>c) enfrente la</p><p><strong>15.</strong> El perro est&#225; ___ el sof&#225; y la mesa.</p><p>a) entre<br>b) entre de<br>c) entre del</p><div><hr></div><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>If you&#8217;ve enjoyed this approach and would like to learn Spanish this way, I encourage you to upgrade your subscription and enjoy everything Spanish Makes Sense has to offer.</p><p>With a paid subscription, you&#8217;ll get full access to all our premium content, resources, and lessons designed to help you improve your Spanish in a <strong>clear</strong>, <strong>practical</strong>, and <strong>engaging way</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>Complete Spanish courses organized by level.</p></li><li><p>My growing collection of graded stories with audio.</p></li><li><p>Vocabulary lists and grammar lessons.</p></li><li><p>Exclusive learning materials and future premium content.</p></li><li><p>Every new lesson and resource published during your subscription.</p></li></ul><p>If you&#8217;re already a paid subscriber, thank you, you&#8217;ve helped make all of this possible. Don&#8217;t forget that you can also <strong>gift a subscription</strong> to a friend or family member who is learning Spanish, so they can enjoy the benefits as well.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p></div><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>We'll see why we use &#8220;del&#8221; later in the lesson.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. a | 2. b | 3. a | 4. a | 5. b | 6. a | 7. b | 8. a | 9. b | 10. a</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. al lado de | 2. debajo de | 3. enfrente de | 4. detr&#225;s de | 5. a la izquierda de | 6. fuera de | 7. cerca de | 8. encima de | 9. entre | 10. dentro de</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. b | 2. a | 3. a | 4. b | 5. a | 6. c | 7. a | 8. a | 9. a | 10. b</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-5" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-5" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">5</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. a | 2. a | 3. a | 4. a | 5. b | 6. a | 7. a | 8. a | 9. a | 10. a</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-6" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-6" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">6</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. a | 2. a | 3. b | 4. b | 5. a | 6. b | 7. a | 8. b | 9. a | 10. b</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-7" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-7" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">7</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. b | 2. b | 3. a | 4. b | 5. b | 6. a | 7. b | 8. a | 9. a | 10. c</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[5. Penélope Cruz: From Madrid to Hollywood ]]></title><description><![CDATA[A Spanish Actress Who Made It to the Oscars.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/penelope-cruz-from-madrid-to-hollywood</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/penelope-cruz-from-madrid-to-hollywood</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 15:01:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21WiN9%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21WiN9%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiN9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiN9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiN9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiN9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiN9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiN9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f96bae-bf82-4c9c-bb4d-52c2b072a165_2560x3840.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Welcome to another edition of <em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</a></em>. In our previous issue, we explored the life and research of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2F4-mario-molina-the-scientist-who">Mario Molina</a>, one of the scientists who has done the most to help protect our planet in recent years.</p><p>In today&#8217;s lesson, you will discover the story of <strong>Pen&#233;lope Cruz</strong>, one of Spain&#8217;s most internationally recognized actresses. From her childhood in Madrid to working with famous directors and becoming an Oscar winner, her career has taken her to many different countries and film sets.</p><p>As you read her story, you will practice talking about <strong>life experiences, travel, and work</strong>, while learning how to use the <strong>past perfect (pret&#233;rito pluscuamperfecto)</strong> to talk about things that had already happened before another moment in the past.</p><p>This lesson also includes essential vocabulary related to <strong>movies, professions, travel, and the world of acting</strong>, audio, as well as reading comprehension and grammar activities.</p><p>Let&#8217;s begin.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Remember that you can download the PDF for this lesson by clicking the three dots and selecting &#8220;Open as PDF&#8221; as you can see below:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BkJG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13f8444c-2362-4c41-995d-f7b89549c0c6_901x542.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></div><div><hr></div><h1>Pen&#233;lope Cruz</h1><p>Pen&#233;lope Cruz naci&#243; en Madrid en 1974. Desde muy joven, mostr&#243; un gran inter&#233;s por las artes. Cuando era ni&#241;a, le gustaba bailar y pas&#243; muchos a&#241;os estudiando ballet cl&#225;sico. Tambi&#233;n disfrutaba viendo pel&#237;culas y so&#241;aba con trabajar alg&#250;n d&#237;a en el mundo del cine. Sin embargo, todav&#237;a no sab&#237;a que su carrera la llevar&#237;a mucho m&#225;s lejos de Espa&#241;a.</p><p>Cuando ten&#237;a alrededor de quince a&#241;os, Pen&#233;lope decidi&#243; que quer&#237;a ser actriz. Para prepararse, estudi&#243; interpretaci&#243;n y comenz&#243; a buscar oportunidades para trabajar en televisi&#243;n y cine. Su primer contacto con el mundo profesional lleg&#243; cuando todav&#237;a era muy joven. Antes de convertirse en una actriz internacional, ya hab&#237;a trabajado en televisi&#243;n y hab&#237;a participado en algunos proyectos peque&#241;os.</p><p>En 1992, cuando ten&#237;a diecisiete a&#241;os, consigui&#243; uno de sus primeros papeles importantes en una pel&#237;cula espa&#241;ola: <em>Jam&#243;n, jam&#243;n</em>, dirigida por Bigas Luna. La pel&#237;cula llam&#243; la atenci&#243;n del p&#250;blico y Pen&#233;lope empez&#243; a ser conocida en Espa&#241;a. Para ella, era solo el principio de una carrera que todav&#237;a estaba empezando.</p><p>Durante los a&#241;os siguientes, trabaj&#243; en diferentes pel&#237;culas espa&#241;olas y poco a poco gan&#243; experiencia. Uno de los directores m&#225;s importantes de su carrera fue Pedro Almod&#243;var. Pen&#233;lope trabaj&#243; con &#233;l en varias ocasiones y apareci&#243; en pel&#237;culas como <em>Carne tr&#233;mula</em> y <em>Todo sobre mi madre</em>. Esta &#250;ltima gan&#243; el Oscar a la mejor pel&#237;cula internacional en 2000. Para entonces, Pen&#233;lope ya hab&#237;a trabajado con algunos de los directores m&#225;s importantes del cine espa&#241;ol.</p><p>Su carrera empez&#243; a cambiar r&#225;pidamente. Hasta ese momento, hab&#237;a trabajado principalmente en Espa&#241;a, pero pronto comenz&#243; a recibir oportunidades en otros pa&#237;ses. Pen&#233;lope quer&#237;a aprender, conocer otras formas de hacer cine y trabajar con actores y directores internacionales. Por eso, decidi&#243; trabajar tambi&#233;n fuera de Espa&#241;a.</p><p>En Hollywood, Pen&#233;lope trabaj&#243; con actores muy conocidos y particip&#243; en pel&#237;culas de diferentes estilos. Tambi&#233;n empez&#243; a trabajar en ingl&#233;s, algo que supuso un nuevo desaf&#237;o para ella. Ya hab&#237;a construido una carrera importante en Espa&#241;a, pero ahora ten&#237;a que demostrar que pod&#237;a trabajar con &#233;xito en otro idioma y en una industria mucho m&#225;s grande.</p><p>Uno de los momentos importantes de su carrera lleg&#243; cuando trabaj&#243; con el director espa&#241;ol Pedro Almod&#243;var en <em>Volver</em>, estrenada en 2006. En esta pel&#237;cula interpret&#243; a Raimunda, una mujer que vive en Espa&#241;a y tiene una relaci&#243;n complicada con su familia. Su actuaci&#243;n recibi&#243; excelentes cr&#237;ticas y Pen&#233;lope fue nominada al Oscar a la mejor actriz.</p><p>En 2008, Pen&#233;lope trabaj&#243; con el director estadounidense Woody Allen en <em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em>. La pel&#237;cula se rod&#243; principalmente en Espa&#241;a y cont&#243; tambi&#233;n con Javier Bardem, Scarlett Johansson y Rebecca Hall. Pen&#233;lope interpret&#243; a Mar&#237;a Elena, un personaje apasionado y muy diferente de muchos de los papeles que hab&#237;a interpretado anteriormente.</p><div id="youtube2-HuRwvgzCqUg" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;HuRwvgzCqUg&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FHuRwvgzCqUg%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Su actuaci&#243;n fue un gran &#233;xito. En 2009, Pen&#233;lope Cruz gan&#243; el Oscar a la mejor actriz de reparto por su trabajo en <em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em>. Se convirti&#243; en la primera actriz espa&#241;ola en ganar un Oscar.</p><p>Para llegar hasta ese momento, Pen&#233;lope ya hab&#237;a trabajado durante muchos a&#241;os, hab&#237;a viajado por diferentes pa&#237;ses y hab&#237;a aprendido a trabajar en diferentes idiomas y ambientes profesionales. Su carrera hab&#237;a cambiado completamente desde aquellos primeros a&#241;os en Madrid.</p><p>Despu&#233;s de ganar el Oscar, continu&#243; trabajando tanto en Espa&#241;a como en otros pa&#237;ses. Una de las caracter&#237;sticas m&#225;s interesantes de su carrera es precisamente esa combinaci&#243;n. Pen&#233;lope nunca abandon&#243; el cine espa&#241;ol, aunque tambi&#233;n sigui&#243; participando en grandes producciones internacionales.</p><p>Pen&#233;lope tambi&#233;n ha hablado en diferentes ocasiones sobre la importancia de mantener una vida personal alejada de la fama. Aunque es una persona muy conocida internacionalmente, intenta proteger su vida privada y pasar tiempo con su familia.</p><p>Hoy, Pen&#233;lope Cruz contin&#250;a siendo una de las actrices espa&#241;olas m&#225;s conocidas internacionalmente. Su trayectoria demuestra que una carrera puede cambiar completamente cuando una persona est&#225; dispuesta a aprender, viajar y aceptar nuevos desaf&#237;os.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Activities</h1><h2>1. Essential Vocabulary</h2><h3>Activity 1: Match each word with its correct definition.</h3><p><strong>Words:</strong></p><ol><li><p>Actriz</p></li><li><p>Pel&#237;cula</p></li><li><p>Director</p></li><li><p>Rodaje</p></li><li><p>Personaje</p></li><li><p>Papel</p></li><li><p>Premio</p></li><li><p>Carrera</p></li><li><p>Fama</p></li><li><p>&#201;xito</p></li></ol><p><strong>Definitions:</strong></p><p>A. Reconocimiento que una persona recibe por su trabajo.</p><p>B. Persona que dirige una pel&#237;cula.</p><p>C. Historia que se cuenta en el cine.</p><p>D. Persona que interpreta a una mujer o un personaje femenino.</p><p>E. Trabajo de grabar las escenas de una pel&#237;cula.</p><p>F. Personaje que interpreta un actor en una pel&#237;cula.</p><p>G. Popularidad que tiene una persona porque mucha gente la conoce.</p><p>H. Persona que aparece en una pel&#237;cula y que forma parte de la historia.</p><p>I. Actividad profesional que una persona desarrolla durante muchos a&#241;os.</p><p>J. Resultado positivo de algo que una persona hace.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Activity 2: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.</h3><ol><li><p>Pen&#233;lope Cruz es una famosa __________ espa&#241;ola.</p><p>a) actriz<br>b) directora<br>c) cantante</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="2"><li><p>Una __________ cuenta una historia a trav&#233;s del cine.</p><p>a) carrera<br>b) pel&#237;cula<br>c) profesi&#243;n</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="3"><li><p>Pedro Almod&#243;var es un famoso __________ espa&#241;ol.</p><p>a) personaje<br>b) director<br>c) actor</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="4"><li><p>Durante un __________, los actores y el equipo trabajan en las escenas de una pel&#237;cula.</p><p>a) rodaje<br>b) premio<br>c) viaje</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="5"><li><p>Pen&#233;lope ha interpretado muchos __________ diferentes durante su carrera.</p><p>a) premios<br>b) personajes<br>c) directores</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="6"><li><p>En <em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em>, Pen&#233;lope tuvo un importante __________.</p><p>a) papel<br>b) rodaje<br>c) &#233;xito</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="7"><li><p>Pen&#233;lope gan&#243; un __________ Oscar en 2009.</p><p>a) personaje<br>b) premio<br>c) trabajo</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="8"><li><p>Su __________ como actriz empez&#243; cuando era muy joven.</p><p>a) carrera<br>b) pel&#237;cula<br>c) fama</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="9"><li><p>Despu&#233;s de trabajar en Hollywood, Pen&#233;lope consigui&#243; fama __________.</p><p>a) peque&#241;a<br>b) internacional<br>c) espa&#241;ola</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="10"><li><p><em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em> fue un gran __________ para Pen&#233;lope.</p><p>a) &#233;xito<br>b) personaje<br>c) rodaje</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h1>2. Reading Comprehension</h1><h2>Activity 3: True or False</h2><p><strong>Read each sentence and write V (Verdadero) or F (Falso).</strong></p><ol><li><p>( ) Pen&#233;lope Cruz naci&#243; en Madrid.</p></li><li><p>( ) Desde ni&#241;a le interesaba el ballet y el cine.</p></li><li><p>( ) Su primer trabajo importante fue en Hollywood.</p></li><li><p>( ) Trabaj&#243; con Pedro Almod&#243;var en varias pel&#237;culas.</p></li><li><p>( ) Pen&#233;lope nunca trabaj&#243; fuera de Espa&#241;a.</p></li><li><p>( ) Trabajar en ingl&#233;s fue un nuevo desaf&#237;o para ella.</p></li><li><p>( ) Fue nominada al Oscar por <em>Volver</em>.</p></li><li><p>( ) Gan&#243; el Oscar por <em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em>.</p></li><li><p>( ) Fue la primera actriz espa&#241;ola en ganar un Oscar.</p></li><li><p>( ) Despu&#233;s de ganar el Oscar, dej&#243; de trabajar en Espa&#241;a.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>Activity 4: Elige la respuesta correcta.</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#191;D&#243;nde naci&#243; Pen&#233;lope Cruz?</strong></p><p>a) Barcelona</p><p>b) Madrid</p><p>c) Sevilla</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="2"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; estudi&#243; Pen&#233;lope cuando era joven?</strong></p><p>a) Ballet e interpretaci&#243;n.</p><p>b) Medicina.</p><p>c) Derecho.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="3"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; pel&#237;cula ayud&#243; a hacerla conocida en Espa&#241;a cuando era muy joven?</strong></p><p>a) <em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em></p><p>b) <em>Volver</em></p><p>c) <em>Jam&#243;n, jam&#243;n</em></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="4"><li><p><strong>&#191;Con qu&#233; director espa&#241;ol trabaj&#243; varias veces?</strong></p><p>a) Pedro Almod&#243;var.</p><p>b) Woody Allen.</p><p>c) Steven Spielberg.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="5"><li><p><strong>&#191;Por qu&#233; empez&#243; a trabajar fuera de Espa&#241;a?</strong></p><p>a) Porque quer&#237;a aprender y trabajar en proyectos internacionales.</p><p>b) Porque no quer&#237;a volver a Espa&#241;a.</p><p>c) Porque dej&#243; de trabajar como actriz.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="6"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; nuevo desaf&#237;o tuvo cuando empez&#243; a trabajar internacionalmente?</strong></p><p>a) Tuvo que aprender a bailar.</p><p>b) Tuvo que trabajar en ingl&#233;s y adaptarse a nuevos equipos.</p><p>c) Tuvo que estudiar medicina.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="7"><li><p><strong>&#191;Por qu&#233; fue importante </strong><em><strong>Volver</strong></em><strong> en su carrera?</strong></p><p>a) Porque gan&#243; su primer Oscar.</p><p>b) Porque recibi&#243; una nominaci&#243;n al Oscar por su actuaci&#243;n.</p><p>c) Porque fue su primera pel&#237;cula.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="8"><li><p><strong>&#191;Por qu&#233; gan&#243; Pen&#233;lope Cruz un Oscar en 2009?</strong></p><p>a) Por <em>Volver</em>.</p><p>b) Por <em>Todo sobre mi madre</em>.</p><p>c) Por <em>Vicky Cristina Barcelona</em>.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="9"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; hizo Pen&#233;lope despu&#233;s de ganar el Oscar?</strong></p><p>a) Dej&#243; el cine.</p><p>b) Continu&#243; trabajando en Espa&#241;a y en otros pa&#237;ses.</p><p>c) Se convirti&#243; en directora.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><ol start="10"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; idea principal transmite su historia?</strong></p><p>a) Trabajar en otro pa&#237;s siempre es f&#225;cil.</p><p>b) El &#233;xito depende solamente de la fama.</p><p>c) Aprender, viajar y aceptar nuevos desaf&#237;os pueden abrir nuevas oportunidades.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Thanks for reading <em>Spanish Makes Sense</em>. </p><p>As an independent creator, I build every resource with care to help you make steady progress in Spanish.</p><p>To access to all the activities for this lesson and the accompanying audio, upgrade to a paid subscription.</p><p>By becoming a premium member, you&#8217;ll not only unlock all current and future premium content, you&#8217;ll also help me continue creating high-quality Spanish learning resources every week.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What If Spanish Worked Like English? Part 2]]></title><description><![CDATA[The part 2 of a fun thought experiment that reveals why Spanish works differently and helps you stop translating from English.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/what-if-spanish-worked-like-english-412</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/what-if-spanish-worked-like-english-412</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 18:19:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1628645315925-c4d4a65ca73d%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxNHx8dGhpbmtpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzg1NzQ2MTkyfDA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40helenalopesph">Helena Lopes</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Welcome to <strong>Part 2</strong> of this thought experiment.</p><p>If you&#8217;re new to the series, here&#8217;s the idea: we&#8217;re imagining a parallel universe where Spanish follows English grammar. The result is a version of Spanish that feels perfectly logical to English speakers, but sounds wonderfully strange to native Spanish speakers.</p><p>By comparing this &#8220;Fake Spanish&#8221; with real Spanish, the differences between the two languages become much easier to understand. Instead of memorizing grammar rules, you start seeing the logic behind them.</p><p>If you haven&#8217;t read <strong>Part 1</strong> yet, I highly recommend starting there. We explored topics like subject pronouns, age, <em>tener </em>expressions, and the famous verb <em>gustar</em>, laying the foundation for everything we&#8217;ll cover here.</p><p><strong>&#8594; Read Part 1 first:</strong> </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;d1dc4aef-d528-4d2f-8032-6e8f6076f60b&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Before we begin, one quick note.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;What If Spanish Worked Like English? (It Would Sound Pretty Weird)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-07-20T15:03:18.941Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1637066725847-9eb5c63e1956?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1MXx8dGhpbmtpbmd8ZW58MHx8fHwxNzgzNzQ5ODI1fDA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/what-if-spanish-worked-like-english&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:206569543,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:12,&quot;comment_count&quot;:8,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>So far, we&#8217;ve discovered that people in this world say things like:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Yo gusto caf&#233;.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Soy 25 a&#241;os viejo.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Soy fr&#237;o.</strong></p></li></ul><p>To English speakers, these sentences might not seem that strange.</p><p>To Spanish speakers?</p><p>They&#8217;re enough to make eyebrows rise.</p><p>Let&#8217;s continue our journey.</p><div><hr></div><h1>1. Why Is the Car Red... or Is It a Red Car?</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>A red car.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Un rojo coche.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Un coche rojo.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>English usually puts adjectives before nouns.</p><p>A <strong>big</strong> house.</p><p>A <strong>happy</strong> child.</p><p>A <strong>red</strong> car.</p><p>Spanish usually does the opposite.</p><p>The noun comes first.</p><p>Then the adjective.</p><p>It&#8217;s one of the first things learners notice, and one of the easiest habits to develop.</p><div><hr></div><h1>2. Wait... Paris <em>Is</em> or <em>Is</em> in France?</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>Paris is in France.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Par&#237;s es en Francia.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Par&#237;s est&#225; en Francia.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>Here&#8217;s something that surprises almost every beginner.</p><p>If you&#8217;ve been told that:</p><ul><li><p><strong>ser = permanent</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>estar = temporary</strong></p></li></ul><p>...this sentence seems to break the rule.</p><p>After all, Paris isn&#8217;t planning to move anytime soon!</p><p>So why do Spanish speakers say:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Par&#237;s est&#225; en Francia.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Spanish uses <strong>two different verbs</strong> to express different kinds of information.</p><p>One of them is often used for <strong>location</strong>.</p><p>That&#8217;s why we say:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Madrid est&#225; en Espa&#241;a.</strong></p><p><strong>Mi casa est&#225; cerca del parque.</strong></p><p><strong>El libro est&#225; sobre la mesa.</strong></p></blockquote><p>English only has one verb: <strong>to be</strong>.</p><p>Spanish has two.</p><p>And that&#8217;s why English speakers often spend so much time trying to decide between <strong>ser</strong> and <strong>estar</strong>.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>There are other uses for &#8220;estar&#8221; and &#8220;ser.&#8221; To explore this topic in more detail, I invite you to check out the following post:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;02ba1be2-6a0a-4c51-a8cc-c66131f9627a&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;For those of us who learned English, it was always a challenge to remember and use correctly make or do.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Master Ser and Estar with Clarity, Not Confusion&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-09-01T15:48:41.172Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a2d80d0a-55cc-413d-bb1a-19877556be21_3024x2236.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-ser-and-estar&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:172409705,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:38,&quot;comment_count&quot;:6,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div></div><div><hr></div><h1>3. The Missing &#8220;The&#8221;</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I like music.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Me gusta m&#250;sica.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Me gusta la m&#250;sica.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>English often drops articles when talking about things in general.</p><p>Spanish usually doesn&#8217;t.</p><p>You don&#8217;t just like music. You like <strong>the</strong> music.</p><p>You don&#8217;t study history. You study <strong>the</strong> history.</p><p>You don&#8217;t love nature. You love <strong>the</strong> nature.</p><p>It sounds strange in English, but it sounds perfectly natural in Spanish.</p><p>This is another reminder that translating word for word rarely works.</p><div><hr></div><h1>4. Two Negatives?</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I don&#8217;t know anything.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>No s&#233; algo.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>No s&#233; nada.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>If you&#8217;re an English speaker, you&#8217;ve probably been told this your whole life:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t use double negatives.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Spanish politely ignores that advice.</p><p>In Spanish, negatives work together.</p><p>The negatives reinforce each other instead of cancelling each other out.</p><p>It&#8217;s one of those moments where English and Spanish simply follow different rules.</p><div><hr></div><h1>5. Am I Eating... or Do I Eat?</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I eat breakfast every day.</p><p>I&#8217;m eating breakfast now.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><p>Spanish uses <strong>estar + gerund</strong> almost every time.</p><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Desayuno todos los d&#237;as.</strong></p><p><strong>Estoy desayunando ahora.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>English uses the progressive tense constantly.</p><p>I&#8217;m reading.</p><p>I&#8217;m watching TV.</p><p>I&#8217;m working.</p><p>I&#8217;m learning Spanish.</p><p>Spanish uses it too, but much less often.</p><p>If you&#8217;re talking about routines, habits, or general facts, the simple present is usually enough.</p><p>English says:</p><blockquote><p>I&#8217;m studying Spanish this year.</p></blockquote><p>Spanish often prefers:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Estudio espa&#241;ol este a&#241;o.</strong></p></blockquote><p>The progressive form is mostly reserved for actions happening right now.</p><p>So if you translate every English <strong>-ing</strong> form directly, your Spanish may sound a little unnatural.</p><p>Not incorrect.</p><p>Just... very English.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>To learn more about the present, I invite you to check out the following posts:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;7c653d74-4e86-46d1-9563-354f71d4c262&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Today we are going to practice something essential and basic: how to speak in the present tense in Spanish. The present tense is the foundation of Spanish. It&#8217;s the tense you use to talk about your daily routine, your likes and dislikes, your job, your plans for the day, and everything happening right now or even in the future (we&#8217;ll see how &#128521;).&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Speaking in the Present (Part 1): Regular Verbs Made Easy&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-08T16:46:21.803Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/844f12b6-9f6e-4e57-8294-7f264495cd8d_2048x3089.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/speaking-in-the-present-part-1-regular&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:180967473,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:22,&quot;comment_count&quot;:8,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;5d0e4e72-d559-4754-88cc-5a85591852b2&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This post is for all Spanish Makes Sense subscribers. If you want to learn Spanish step by step and enjoy the benefits of the Premium plan, I invite you to read the following post: Your Path to Fluency.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Spanish Present Tense (Part 2): Mastering Irregular Verbs&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-19T14:03:01.711Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9301f48-a175-4f45-b3fd-44d75a82d2b7_3456x5184.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/spanish-present-tense-part-2-mastering&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:181988768,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:10,&quot;comment_count&quot;:7,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div></div><div><hr></div><p>In <strong>Part 3</strong>, we'll wrap up our journey through this parallel universe by exploring possessives, flexible word order and grammatical gender, and one of Spanish's greatest superpowers. By the end, you'll stop seeing Spanish as "English with different words" and start seeing it as a language with its own beautifully consistent logic.</p><div><hr></div><p><span>If you&#8217;re enjoying this series, you&#8217;ll probably enjoy everything else we&#8217;re building here at </span><strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong><span>.</span></p><p><span>My goal isn&#8217;t just to teach you Spanish grammar&#8212;it&#8217;s to help you understand </span><strong>why</strong><span> Spanish works the way it does, through practical explanations, real-life examples, and lessons designed especially for English speakers.</span></p><p><span>If you&#8217;re new here, I recommend starting with this guide, where you&#8217;ll find everything </span><strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong><span> has to offer, including free resources, premium content, and the best place to begin your learning journey:</span></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;4d3cf803-9629-491d-9701-619c6d71ed5f&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;If you&#8217;ve just arrived here, welcome.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Start Here. Welcome to Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-26T22:08:54.245Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/start-here-welcome-to-spanish-makes&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:199388028,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:9,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p><span>And if you don&#8217;t want to miss the next part of this series&#8212;or future lessons like this one&#8212;be sure to </span><strong>subscribe</strong><span>. New articles are delivered straight to your inbox, so you&#8217;ll never miss a chance to make Spanish... make sense.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Hasta pronto,</p><p>Leo</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[4. Mario Molina: The Scientist Who Helped Protect Our Planet]]></title><description><![CDATA[How One Discovery Changed the World.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/4-mario-molina-the-scientist-who</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/4-mario-molina-the-scientist-who</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:01:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kJF4%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kJF4%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21kJF4%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg" width="840" height="580" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kJF4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06cd27aa-05e2-4b94-b1b6-b08a4008fa11_840x580.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>In the previous unit from our collection </span><em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.substack.com%2Fpub%2Fspanismakessense%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hispanohablantes que hicieron histori</a></em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.substack.com%2Fpub%2Fspanismakessense%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">a</a><span> we explored the life of </span><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fcelia-cruz-the-queen-of-salsa"><span>Celia Cruz</span></a><span>, one of the most famous singers in the Hispanic world. </span>In today&#8217;s lesson, you will discover the life and work of Mario Molina, the Mexican scientist whose research helped protect our planet.</p><p>As you read his story, you will naturally practice:</p><ul><li><p>talking about causes and effects,</p></li><li><p>using impersonal expressions,</p></li><li><p>giving advice and talking about responsibilities,</p></li><li><p>and learning essential vocabulary related to science, pollution, and the environment.</p></li></ul><p>This lesson includes:</p><ul><li><p>essential vocabulary,</p></li><li><p>an story with audio,</p></li><li><p>reading comprehension activities,</p></li><li><p>grammar practice,</p></li><li><p>vocabulary exercises,</p></li></ul><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Remember that you can download the PDF for this lesson by clicking the three dots and selecting &#8220;Open as PDF&#8221; as you can see below:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%218nuj%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe56e3a19-a845-4f7a-b459-8434ec09bf8d_901x542.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nuj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe56e3a19-a845-4f7a-b459-8434ec09bf8d_901x542.jpeg 424w, 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></div><p>By the end of this lesson, you will not only know who Mario Molina was&#8212;you will also understand why his discoveries continue to affect our lives today.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Mario Molina</h1><p>Mario Molina fue uno de los cient&#237;ficos m&#225;s importantes de Am&#233;rica Latina. Gracias a su trabajo, hoy sabemos mucho m&#225;s sobre c&#243;mo proteger nuestro planeta. Sus investigaciones ayudaron a cambiar las leyes de muchos pa&#237;ses y demostraron que la ciencia puede mejorar la vida de millones de personas.</p><p>Mario naci&#243; en Ciudad de M&#233;xico en 1943. Desde muy peque&#241;o sent&#237;a una enorme curiosidad por el mundo que lo rodeaba. Mientras otros ni&#241;os pasaban horas jugando al f&#250;tbol o montando en bicicleta, &#233;l tambi&#233;n disfrutaba observando insectos, mezclando sustancias y haciendo peque&#241;os experimentos en casa. Le gustaba descubrir c&#243;mo funcionaban las cosas y siempre hac&#237;a preguntas. Sus padres comprendieron muy pronto que su hijo ten&#237;a un gran inter&#233;s por la ciencia y decidieron apoyarlo.</p><p>Cuando era ni&#241;o, Mario convert&#237;a un peque&#241;o ba&#241;o de su casa en un laboratorio improvisado. All&#237; guardaba frascos, tubos de ensayo y otros materiales sencillos para hacer experimentos. No eran investigaciones importantes, pero s&#237; eran el comienzo de una pasi&#243;n que lo acompa&#241;ar&#237;a durante toda su vida. Para &#233;l, aprender era una aventura.</p><p>En la escuela era un estudiante muy responsable y curioso. Le gustaban especialmente las clases de qu&#237;mica y f&#237;sica porque le ayudaban a comprender los fen&#243;menos de la naturaleza. Mientras muchos compa&#241;eros estudiaban solo para aprobar los ex&#225;menes, Mario quer&#237;a entender por qu&#233; ocurr&#237;an las cosas. Esa manera de pensar marcar&#237;a toda su carrera como cient&#237;fico.</p><p>Despu&#233;s de terminar sus estudios, ingres&#243; en la Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico para estudiar ingenier&#237;a qu&#237;mica. All&#237; aprendi&#243; mucho sobre los procesos qu&#237;micos y descubri&#243; que quer&#237;a dedicarse a la investigaci&#243;n. M&#225;s tarde continu&#243; sus estudios en Alemania y despu&#233;s obtuvo un doctorado en Estados Unidos. Vivir en diferentes pa&#237;ses le permiti&#243; conocer nuevas culturas, trabajar con cient&#237;ficos de todo el mundo y ampliar su forma de pensar.</p><p>Durante aquellos a&#241;os, la mayor&#237;a de las personas no hablaba del medio ambiente como lo hacemos hoy. Las f&#225;bricas produc&#237;an cada vez m&#225;s productos, el consumo aumentaba r&#225;pidamente y muy pocas personas pensaban que la contaminaci&#243;n pudiera convertirse en un problema mundial. Muchos cre&#237;an que la atm&#243;sfera era tan grande que nada pod&#237;a da&#241;arla.</p><p>Sin embargo, Mario comenz&#243; a hacerse una pregunta diferente. Quer&#237;a saber qu&#233; ocurr&#237;a con unos gases llamados clorofluorocarbonos, conocidos tambi&#233;n como CFC. Estos gases se utilizaban en aerosoles, frigor&#237;ficos y aparatos de aire acondicionado porque parec&#237;an muy seguros. Como no eran t&#243;xicos ni inflamables, muchas empresas los utilizaban sin preocuparse por sus posibles consecuencias.</p><p>Mario decidi&#243; investigar este tema junto con el cient&#237;fico estadounidense Frank Sherwood Rowland. Los dos trabajaron durante mucho tiempo analizando el comportamiento de estos gases en la atm&#243;sfera. Despu&#233;s de realizar numerosos c&#225;lculos y experimentos, llegaron a una conclusi&#243;n sorprendente. Descubrieron que los CFC pod&#237;an subir hasta la capa de ozono y destruir parte de ella.</p><p>Cuando Mario y su compa&#241;ero publicaron sus resultados, no todo el mundo acept&#243; sus conclusiones. Algunas empresas pensaban que aquella investigaci&#243;n pod&#237;a afectar a sus productos y cuestionaron el trabajo de los cient&#237;ficos. Otras personas cre&#237;an que el problema no era tan grave. Sin embargo, Mario estaba convencido de que los datos eran correctos. Para &#233;l, la ciencia deb&#237;a basarse siempre en las pruebas y no en las opiniones.</p><p>Con el paso de los a&#241;os, otros investigadores realizaron nuevos estudios y confirmaron que Mario Molina ten&#237;a raz&#243;n. Poco a poco, la comunidad cient&#237;fica acept&#243; que los CFC estaban da&#241;ando la capa de ozono y que era necesario actuar antes de que el problema fuera mucho mayor. Gracias a estas investigaciones, muchos gobiernos comenzaron a colaborar para buscar una soluci&#243;n.</p><p>En 1987 se firm&#243; el Protocolo de Montreal, un acuerdo internacional cuyo objetivo era reducir el uso de las sustancias que destru&#237;an la capa de ozono. Fue un momento hist&#243;rico porque muchos pa&#237;ses decidieron trabajar juntos para proteger el medio ambiente. Este acuerdo todav&#237;a se considera uno de los mayores &#233;xitos de la cooperaci&#243;n internacional.</p><p>Como consecuencia de estas medidas, muchas empresas empezaron a fabricar productos m&#225;s seguros y menos contaminantes. Poco a poco, el uso de los CFC disminuy&#243; en todo el mundo. Los cient&#237;ficos observaron que la capa de ozono comenzaba a recuperarse lentamente. </p><p>En 1995, Mario Molina recibi&#243; el Premio Nobel de Qu&#237;mica por sus investigaciones sobre la capa de ozono. Fue un momento muy importante para M&#233;xico, ya que se convirti&#243; en el primer cient&#237;fico mexicano en ganar este premio en esa categor&#237;a. </p><div id="youtube2-0eA-iquXVGY" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;0eA-iquXVGY&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2F0eA-iquXVGY%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Adem&#225;s de investigar, Mario disfrutaba ense&#241;ando. Cre&#237;a que la educaci&#243;n era una de las herramientas m&#225;s poderosas para cambiar el mundo. Muchas veces participaba en conferencias, escrib&#237;a art&#237;culos y hablaba con estudiantes de diferentes edades. Pensaba que las personas toman mejores decisiones cuando comprenden c&#243;mo funciona la naturaleza.</p><p>Mario tambi&#233;n insist&#237;a en que el medio ambiente es responsabilidad de todos. Dec&#237;a que no basta con esperar que los gobiernos solucionen todos los problemas. Cada persona puede hacer algo para reducir la contaminaci&#243;n. Hay que reciclar siempre que sea posible, ahorrar agua y energ&#237;a, utilizar menos pl&#225;sticos y cuidar los espacios naturales. Estas acciones parecen peque&#241;as, pero juntas pueden producir un gran cambio.</p><p>Mario Molina falleci&#243; en 2020, pero su legado contin&#250;a vivo. Su historia demuestra que una persona curiosa puede cambiar el mundo con esfuerzo, conocimiento y perseverancia. Gracias a sus investigaciones, millones de personas son hoy m&#225;s conscientes de la importancia de proteger la Tierra. </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Thanks for reading <em>Spanish Makes Sense</em>. </p><p>As an independent creator, I build every resource with care to help you make steady progress in Spanish.</p><p>To access the activities for this lesson and the accompanying audio, upgrade to a paid subscription.</p><p>By becoming a premium member, you&#8217;ll not only unlock all current and future premium content, you&#8217;ll also help me continue creating high-quality Spanish learning resources every week.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What If Spanish Worked Like English? (It Would Sound Pretty Weird)]]></title><description><![CDATA[A fun thought experiment that reveals why Spanish works differently&#8212;and helps you stop translating from English.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/what-if-spanish-worked-like-english</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/what-if-spanish-worked-like-english</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 15:03:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1758272422072-231196a51622%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1758272422072-231196a51622%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1758272422072-231196a51622%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="3800" height="2138" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2138,&quot;width&quot;:3800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;A young woman with hand on chin looking thoughtful&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="A young woman with hand on chin looking thoughtful" title="A young woman with hand on chin looking thoughtful" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1758272422072-231196a51622?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyMnx8d29uZGVyaW5nfGVufDB8fHx8MTc5MTk3MTc1OHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40silverkblack">Vitaly Gariev</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Before we begin, one quick note.</p><p>This turned into one of the longest articles I&#8217;ve ever written.</p><p>I could have shortened it, but I think the examples are what make this thought experiment so valuable. Rather than rushing through them, I&#8217;d rather give each one the space it deserves.</p><p>For that reason, I&#8217;ve divided this guide into <strong>three parts</strong>.</p><p>Each part builds on the previous one, and by the end you&#8217;ll have a completely different way of looking at Spanish grammar.</p><p>Let&#8217;s get started.</p><div><hr></div><p>Imagine walking into a caf&#233; in Madrid and saying this:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Yo gusto caf&#233;.</strong></p></blockquote><p>The waiter would probably understand what you mean.</p><p>But it would sound... strange.</p><p>Not because your pronunciation is bad.</p><p>Not because your vocabulary is wrong.</p><p>But because your brain is still speaking English.</p><p>And here&#8217;s the funny part: that&#8217;s completely normal.</p><p>Every language has its own way of organizing ideas. When we start learning a new one, our brains naturally assume it works like our native language. We take English grammar, swap in Spanish words, and hope for the best.</p><p>Sometimes that works.</p><p>Often, it doesn&#8217;t.</p><p>So today, we&#8217;re going to do something a little unusual.</p><p>Instead of learning how Spanish really works right away, we&#8217;re going to imagine an alternate universe where Spanish copied English grammar.</p><p>Would Spanish be easier?</p><p>Absolutely.</p><p>Would it sound ridiculous to native speakers?</p><p>Also absolutely.</p><p>And that&#8217;s exactly why this exercise works.</p><p>By making Spanish &#8220;pretend&#8221; to be English, the differences suddenly become impossible to miss. Instead of memorizing grammar rules, <strong>you&#8217;ll start noticing the patterns that make Spanish... well, Spanish</strong>.</p><p>One important note before we begin.</p><p>Every &#8220;Fake Spanish&#8221; sentence in this article is <strong>intentionally wrong</strong>.</p><p>We&#8217;re breaking the rules on purpose so you can see what English expects&#8212;and why Spanish chooses a different path.</p><p>Ready?</p><p>Let&#8217;s enter the alternate universe.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Welcome to the Parallel Universe Where Spanish Speaks English</h1><p>In this world, Spanish follows English grammar almost perfectly.</p><p>Native speakers don&#8217;t drop pronouns.</p><p>They describe age the English way.</p><p>They say &#8220;I like coffee&#8221; exactly like English speakers do.</p><p>Everything feels wonderfully familiar...</p><p>...until you return to the real world.</p><p>Let&#8217;s compare the two universes.</p><div><hr></div><h1>1. Everyone Always Says the Subject</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I eat breakfast every day.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Yo como desayuno cada d&#237;a.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Como desayuno todos los d&#237;as.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>English almost always needs a subject.</p><p>You eat.</p><p>She works.</p><p>They live in Chicago.</p><p>If you remove the subject, English sounds incomplete.</p><p>Spanish is different.</p><p>Every verb already tells us who is doing the action.</p><p><strong>Como</strong> already means <em>I eat.</em></p><p>There&#8217;s no mystery.</p><p>Adding <strong>yo</strong> isn&#8217;t wrong.</p><p>It&#8217;s just unnecessary most of the time.</p><p>Think of it like wearing two watches.</p><p>One tells the time.</p><p>The second one doesn&#8217;t add much.</p><p>That&#8217;s why Spanish speakers often leave the subject out.</p><p>Less work.</p><p>Same meaning.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>One of the first habits English speakers need to break is feeling that every sentence must begin with <strong>I</strong>. It doesn&#8217;t.</p></div><div><hr></div><h1>2. How Old Are You?</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I am 25 years old.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Soy 25 a&#241;os viejo.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Tengo 25 a&#241;os.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>This surprises almost every beginner.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>In English, age is something you <strong>are</strong>.</p><p>In Spanish, age is something you <strong>have</strong>.</p></div><p>You literally &#8220;have&#8221; twenty-five years.</p><p>Does that make more sense?</p><p>Maybe.</p><p>Maybe not.</p><p>The important thing isn&#8217;t deciding which language is more logical.</p><p>It&#8217;s realizing that each language chooses a different way to describe the same reality.</p><p>Whenever you catch yourself starting a sentence with <strong>&#8220;I am...&#8221;</strong>, pause for a second.</p><p>Spanish might have a completely different plan.</p><div><hr></div><h1>3. Hunger Isn&#8217;t Part of Your Personality</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I&#8217;m hungry.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Soy hambriento.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Tengo hambre.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>English loves using <strong>to be</strong>.</p><p>I&#8217;m hungry.</p><p>I&#8217;m thirsty.</p><p>I&#8217;m cold.</p><p>I&#8217;m hot.</p><p>I&#8217;m lucky.</p><p>Spanish doesn&#8217;t always follow that pattern.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Instead of <strong>being hungry</strong>, you <strong>have hunger</strong>.</p></div><p>It&#8217;s almost as if hunger is something you&#8217;re carrying around.</p><p>Once you learn this idea, dozens of expressions suddenly become easier.</p><p>Instead of asking,</p><p><em>&#8220;How do I translate &#8216;I&#8217;m...&#8217;?&#8221;</em></p><p>start asking,</p><p><em>&#8220;How does Spanish express this idea?&#8221;</em></p><p>That&#8217;s a much more useful question.</p><div><hr></div><h1>4. Thirst Works the Same Way</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I&#8217;m thirsty.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Soy sediento.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Tengo sed.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>Exactly the same idea.</p><p>You don&#8217;t <em>be</em> thirsty.</p><p>You <em>have</em> thirst.</p><p>Notice a pattern?</p><p>Spanish often talks about physical states as things you possess rather than things you are.</p><p><strong>The more patterns you discover, the less you need to memorize.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h1>5. Feeling Cold?</h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I&#8217;m cold.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Soy fr&#237;o.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Tengo fr&#237;o.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>This one can create some funny misunderstandings.</p><p>If you say:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Soy fr&#237;o.</strong></p></blockquote><p>A Spanish speaker probably won&#8217;t hand you a jacket.</p><p>They&#8217;ll think you&#8217;re emotionally distant.</p><p>Maybe you don&#8217;t smile much.</p><p>Maybe you aren&#8217;t very affectionate.</p><p>What you wanted to say was:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Tengo fr&#237;o.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Again, Spanish treats the feeling as something you have.</p><p>Not something you are.</p><p>The same happens with:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Tengo calor.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Tengo sue&#241;o.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Tengo miedo.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Tengo prisa.</strong></p></li></ul><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>English often reaches for <strong>to be</strong>.</p><p>Spanish frequently reaches for <strong>tener</strong>.</p></div><div><hr></div><h1>6. The Famous Case of <em>Gustar</em></h1><h3>English</h3><blockquote><p>I like coffee.</p></blockquote><h3>Fake Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Yo gusto caf&#233;.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>Real Spanish</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Me gusta el caf&#233;.</strong></p></blockquote><h3>What&#8217;s going on?</h3><p>This might be the biggest surprise for English speakers.</p><p>Most beginners expect Spanish to copy English:</p><blockquote><p>I like coffee.</p></blockquote><p>So they naturally build:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Yo gusto caf&#233;.</strong></p></blockquote><p>It seems perfectly reasonable.</p><p>But Spanish isn&#8217;t describing the same idea.</p><p>English says:</p><blockquote><p><strong>I</strong> like coffee.</p></blockquote><p>Spanish says something much closer to:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Coffee is pleasing to me.</strong></p></blockquote><p>That&#8217;s why <strong>coffee</strong> becomes the star of the sentence.</p><p>Not <strong>I</strong>.</p><p>Don&#8217;t worry if that feels strange.</p><p>It feels strange because you&#8217;re thinking in English.</p><p>And that&#8217;s exactly what this article is helping you notice.</p><p>Once you stop trying to force English into Spanish, <strong>gustar</strong> suddenly becomes much less mysterious.</p><p>In fact, you&#8217;ll begin to see that Spanish isn&#8217;t being difficult.</p><p>It&#8217;s simply looking at the situation from a different angle.</p><p>If you want to learn how to talk about your likes and preferences in Spanish naturally, I invite you to take a look at the following article:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;b5949f90-c890-412f-98f0-127353b2c431&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Today we are going to learn how to use &#8220;me gusta&#8221; (I like) and &#8220;no me gusta&#8221; (I don&#8217;t like).&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Mastering \&quot;Gustar\&quot;: One of Spanish&#8217;s Most Misunderstood Verbs&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-07-21T18:49:40.415Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7577496-9fb0-416b-81d4-d8eb51221d75_1200x673.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/mastering-gustar-one-of-spanishs&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Grammar&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:168830198,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:22,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>In <strong>Part 2</strong>, we'll discover even more surprising differences, including adjective placement, <em>ser</em> vs. <em>estar</em>, articles, double negatives, questions without <em>do</em>, and why Spanish doesn't use the progressive tense as often as English. As you'll soon see, our parallel universe is about to get even weirder.</p><div><hr></div><p>If you&#8217;re enjoying this series, you&#8217;ll probably enjoy everything else we&#8217;re building here at <strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong>.</p><p>My goal isn&#8217;t just to teach you Spanish grammar&#8212;it&#8217;s to help you understand <strong>why</strong> Spanish works the way it does, through practical explanations, real-life examples, and lessons designed especially for English speakers.</p><p>If you&#8217;re new here, I recommend starting with this guide, where you&#8217;ll find everything <strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong> has to offer, including free resources, premium content, and the best place to begin your learning journey:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;73e42790-a9df-4019-94f9-dd45c7b01fc7&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;If you&#8217;ve just arrived here, welcome.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Start Here. Welcome to Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-26T22:08:54.245Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/start-here-welcome-to-spanish-makes&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:199388028,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:7,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>And if you don&#8217;t want to miss the next part of this series&#8212;or future lessons like this one&#8212;be sure to <strong>subscribe</strong>. New articles are delivered straight to your inbox, so you&#8217;ll never miss a chance to make Spanish... make sense.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tomorrow's World Cup Final Is the Perfect Spanish Lesson (Even If You Don't Like Football)]]></title><description><![CDATA[The essential Spanish vocabulary you'll hear during the World Cup Final.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/tomorrows-world-cup-final-is-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/tomorrows-world-cup-final-is-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2026 18:44:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1574629810360-7efbbe195018%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw3fHxmJUMzJUJBdGJvbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODQyMjg4ODV8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1574629810360-7efbbe195018%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw3fHxmJUMzJUJBdGJvbHxlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODQyMjg4ODV8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" 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fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40piensaenpixel">Emilio Garcia</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Tomorrow, two Spanish-speaking countries will face each other in the World Cup Final: <strong>Spain and Argentina</strong>.</p><p>I&#8217;m not a huge football fan myself. I&#8217;ll probably watch the match, enjoy the atmosphere, and then  get back to writing more articles on Substack. </p><p>However, tomorrow might be a good opportunity to socialize in Spanish. Your Spanish-speaking friends, your social media feed, YouTube, TV commentators, newspapers&#8230; suddenly they&#8217;ll all be using the same vocabulary.</p><p>That makes tomorrow a surprisingly good day to learn a little Spanish.</p><p>So instead of trying to memorize 200 football terms, I&#8217;ve prepared a small <strong>Football Survival Guide</strong> with the words you&#8217;re most likely to hear during the match.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21oIbY%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21oIbY%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oIbY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0984895-aed8-4f4a-9179-49b3268fe664_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>Now let's practice this vocabulary.</h2><p><strong>A. Choose the right option. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><ol><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;el portero&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) referee</p><p>b) goalkeeper</p><p>c) player</p><div><hr></div><ol start="2"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;el &#225;rbitro&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) coach</p><p>b) referee</p><p>c) fan</p><div><hr></div><ol start="3"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;tirar&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) to celebrate</p><p>b) to shoot</p><p>c) to pass</p><div><hr></div><ol start="4"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;parar&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) to save</p><p>b) to score</p><p>c) to lose</p><div><hr></div><ol start="5"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;el empate&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) victory</p><p>b) draw</p><p>c) defeat</p><div><hr></div><ol start="6"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;ir ganando&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) to be winning</p><p>b) to be losing</p><p>c) to be eliminated</p><div><hr></div><ol start="7"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;perder&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) to win</p><p>b) to lose</p><p>c) to draw</p><div><hr></div><ol start="8"><li><p><strong>&#191;Cu&#225;l es &#8220;la porter&#237;a&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) the goalkeeper</p><p>b) the goal</p><p>c) the stadium</p><div><hr></div><ol start="9"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;marcar un gol&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) to score</p><p>b) to save</p><p>c) to draw</p><div><hr></div><ol start="10"><li><p><strong>&#191;Qu&#233; significa &#8220;la victoria&#8221;?</strong></p></li></ol><p>a) defeat</p><p>b) draw</p><p>c) victory</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>B. Complete each sentence with one word or expression from the infographic. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><p><em>Word Bank:</em></p><blockquote><p>el partido &#8226; el marcador &#8226; el gol &#8226; el empate &#8226; la victoria &#8226; la derrota &#8226; el bal&#243;n &#8226; el portero &#8226; el &#225;rbitro &#8226; la porter&#237;a &#8226; el c&#243;rner &#8226; el &#225;rea &#8226; marcar un gol &#8226; ganar &#8226; perder &#8226; empatar &#8226; tirar &#8226; parar &#8226; ir ganando &#8226; ir perdiendo</p></blockquote><ol><li><p>Espa&#241;a quiere __________ para llegar a ser campeona.</p></li><li><p>El __________ mostr&#243; una tarjeta amarilla.</p></li><li><p>El __________ atrap&#243; el bal&#243;n sin problemas.</p></li><li><p>El jugador consigui&#243; __________ en el minuto 85.</p></li><li><p>El delantero va a __________ desde fuera del &#225;rea.</p></li><li><p>El defensa despej&#243; el bal&#243;n y concedi&#243; un __________.</p></li><li><p>Despu&#233;s de noventa minutos, hubo __________.</p></li><li><p>El delantero est&#225; delante de la __________.</p></li><li><p>El equipo visitante empez&#243; a __________ 2-0.</p></li><li><p>Todos los aficionados celebraron __________ con mucha emoci&#243;n.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>While You Watch...</h2><p><strong>C. Listen carefully to the game and mark the words as you hear them. This can be a really fun listening comprehension exercise.</strong></p><p>&#9744; &#161;Gol!</p><p>&#9744; el &#225;rbitro</p><p>&#9744; el portero</p><p>&#9744; el bal&#243;n</p><p>&#9744; penalti</p><p>&#9744; el c&#243;rner</p><p>&#9744; el &#225;rea</p><p>&#9744; empate</p><p>&#9744; ganar</p><p>&#9744; perder</p><p>&#9744; &#161;Qu&#233; parada!</p><p>&#9744; &#161;Qu&#233; golazo! </p><div><hr></div><h1>One Last Tip</h1><p>If you decide to watch the match tomorrow, don&#8217;t worry about understanding everything.</p><p>Just listen.</p><p>See how many of today&#8217;s words you can recognize.</p><p>You might be surprised how much Spanish you understand when you already know what the conversation is about.</p><p>Enjoy the match&#8212;and happy learning!</p><p>Leo</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. b | 2. b | 3. b | 4. a | 5. b | 6. a | 7. b | 8. b | 9. a | 10. c</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. ganar | 2. &#225;rbitro | 3. portero | 4. marcar un gol | 5. tirar | 6. c&#243;rner | 7. empate | 8. porter&#237;a | 9. ir perdiendo | 10. la victoria</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Biggest Problem I've Noticed with Duolingo (As a Spanish Teacher and Former User)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why years of teaching Spanish have changed the way I think about the world's most popular language app.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-biggest-problem-ive-noticed-with</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-biggest-problem-ive-noticed-with</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 15:04:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1679042346932-f1131ce3c31d%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxkdW9saW5nb3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM4NTYyNjJ8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1679042346932-f1131ce3c31d%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxkdW9saW5nb3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM4NTYyNjJ8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1679042346932-f1131ce3c31d?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxkdW9saW5nb3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM4NTYyNjJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1679042346932-f1131ce3c31d?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyfHxkdW9saW5nb3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM4NTYyNjJ8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 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href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40ilgmyzin">ilgmyzin</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><h1>The Problem I&#8217;ve Noticed with Duolingo as a Spanish Teacher... and as Someone Who Has Used It</h1><p>This is a conclusion I&#8217;ve reached after years of teaching Spanish and after spending quite a bit of time using Duolingo myself.</p><p>I completely understand why so many people love the app. In fact, at first, it feels amazing.</p><p>Suddenly you&#8217;re understanding sentences in another language. And it almost feels effortless.</p><p>But then real life happens.</p><p>And that&#8217;s when all that understanding seems to slip through your fingers, almost like trying to hold a handful of sand.</p><p>After teaching many students who have used Duolingo for a long time, I&#8217;ve noticed the same problem over and over:</p><p>They simply can&#8217;t communicate in the language they&#8217;re learning.</p><p>Why does this happen?</p><p>Here&#8217;s my theory.</p><h2>1. Duolingo teaches you words and sentences that aren&#8217;t relevant to your life.</h2><p>We&#8217;ve all seen those famous Duolingo sentences about animals doing strange things.</p><p>And yes, they&#8217;re memorable.</p><p>In fact, I&#8217;ve had many students who still remember those sentences years later precisely because they&#8217;re so absurd.</p><p>But that&#8217;s exactly the problem.</p><p>They remember those sentences...</p><p>Yet they can&#8217;t order a coffee, explain what they did yesterday, or have a simple conversation.</p><p>Remembering funny sentences isn&#8217;t the same as learning to communicate.</p><h2>2. The learning feels quite unstructured.</h2><p>Yes, there is some progression.</p><p>But I never get the feeling that you&#8217;re actually building the language step by step.</p><p>Instead, new words and sentences just keep appearing.</p><p>And honestly, many of them are things you&#8217;ll probably never use in your daily life.</p><p>I like students to be able to look back and think:</p><p>&#8220;Now I understand the present tense.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Now I understand the past.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Now I can talk about my family.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Now I know how to order food.&#8221;</p><p>With Duolingo, that sense of progress isn&#8217;t nearly as clear.</p><h2>3. Almost everything is taught through implicit learning.</h2><p>And I think this is the biggest issue.</p><p>Duolingo rarely explains how the language actually works.</p><p>It simply shows you examples and expects you to figure out the rules on your own.</p><p>For example...</p><p>You&#8217;ve been seeing present-tense sentences for weeks.</p><p>Then one day, past-tense sentences suddenly start appearing.</p><p>You realize they&#8217;re in the past because you can compare them with the English translation.</p><p>And that creates a strange feeling.</p><p>You feel like you know the past tense.</p><p>But do you really?</p><p>In my experience, not really.</p><p>You can repeat the sentences Duolingo taught you.</p><p>But if I asked you to tell me about your last vacation using your own words, many learners would struggle.</p><p>Why?</p><p>Because nobody ever explained what the past tense is, when it&#8217;s used, or how it&#8217;s formed.</p><p>And this isn&#8217;t just true for the past tense.</p><p>The same thing happens with almost every grammar topic.</p><p>In the end, Duolingo trains you very well to recognize sentences.</p><p>But it doesn&#8217;t necessarily train you to create your own.</p><p>And that&#8217;s what communication actually is: producing sentences nobody has given you before.</p><h2>So what would I do instead?</h2><p>I wouldn&#8217;t stop using Duolingo.</p><p>I&#8217;d just stop treating it as my main learning tool.</p><p>I&#8217;d use it as a game.</p><p>As a fun way to review vocabulary and keep my daily learning habit alive.</p><p>But I&#8217;d make sure my real learning came from somewhere else.</p><p>For example:</p><ul><li><p>An app or course that follows a structured curriculum, where it&#8217;s clear what you&#8217;re learning at each stage.</p></li><li><p>A good textbook.</p></li><li><p>Or an experienced tutor, because you get both explanations and real conversation practice.</p></li></ul><h2>In the end...</h2><p>I don&#8217;t think Duolingo is a bad app.</p><p>The problem is that many people expect it to do something it simply wasn&#8217;t designed to do.</p><p>If your goal is to actually communicate, you&#8217;ll need more than that.</p><p>You&#8217;ll need structure.</p><p>You&#8217;ll need explanations when they&#8217;re necessary.</p><p>And you&#8217;ll need lots of opportunities to create your own sentences instead of just recognizing someone else&#8217;s.</p><p>That&#8217;s why I wouldn&#8217;t recommend Duolingo as your main way of learning a language. As a supplement, I think it&#8217;s great. As your primary learning method, after all these years of teaching Spanish, I just don&#8217;t think it&#8217;s enough.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>What's your experience with Duolingo?</strong> </p><p>I'd be genuinely interested to hear your thoughts in the comments.</p><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How to Learn Spanish with Music Without Killing the Fun]]></title><description><![CDATA[Music won&#8217;t make you fluent overnight, but it can become one of the most enjoyable sources of Spanish input.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/how-to-learn-spanish-with-music-without</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/how-to-learn-spanish-with-music-without</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 15:01:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1557063673-0493e05da49f%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1557063673-0493e05da49f%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1557063673-0493e05da49f%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="4928" height="3264" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3264,&quot;width&quot;:4928,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Apple EarPods on yellow surface&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Apple EarPods on yellow surface" title="Apple EarPods on yellow surface" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1557063673-0493e05da49f?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwyM3x8bGlzdGVuaW5nJTIwdG8lMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODg4MDk0MzF8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40maddyjaya">Maddy</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>If you&#8217;ve ever searched for &#8220;the best Spanish songs for beginners,&#8221; you&#8217;ve probably found dozens of playlists promising to boost your vocabulary or make you fluent faster.</p><p>Music is often presented as a learning hack. Just press play, sing along, and somehow Spanish will magically stick.</p><p>But things aren't that simple.</p><p>The truth is that music alone won&#8217;t make you fluent. It won&#8217;t replace conversations, reading, or consistent exposure to the language. But that doesn&#8217;t mean it isn&#8217;t valuable.</p><p>In fact, if you use it well, music can become one of the most enjoyable ways to surround yourself with Spanish every day.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Listen to music you actually like</h2><p>Don&#8217;t listen to a song just because someone on the internet said it&#8217;s &#8220;good for beginners.&#8221;</p><p>Listen because you genuinely enjoy it.</p><p>If you love indie music, listen to indie.</p><p>If you&#8217;re into rock, listen to rock.</p><p>If you enjoy salsa, go for salsa.</p><p>If your favorite genre is pop, build a Spanish pop playlist.</p><p>The best Spanish-learning playlist isn&#8217;t the easiest one. It&#8217;s the one you&#8217;ll keep listening to six months from now.</p><p>Motivation beats perfection every single time.</p><div><hr></div><h2>A simple six-step method to learn Spanish through music</h2><p>If you want to get a little more learning out of your favorite songs without turning them into homework, here&#8217;s a simple routine.</p><h3>1. Just listen</h3><p>The first time, don&#8217;t worry about understanding.</p><p>Simply enjoy the music.</p><h3>2. Read the lyrics</h3><p>On your second listen, open the lyrics and see what you recognize.</p><p>You&#8217;ll probably understand more than you expected.</p><h3>3. Highlight the important words</h3><p>Choose five to ten words or expressions that seem useful or appear repeatedly.</p><h3>4. Ask IA to help</h3><p>AI has become one of the best companions for language learners.</p><p>Instead of asking for a literal translation, try prompts like:</p><ul><li><p>Explain this chorus in simple English.</p></li><li><p>What does this expression really mean?</p></li><li><p>Is this phrase common in everyday Spanish?</p></li><li><p>Which country is this expression from?</p></li><li><p>Give me three examples using this phrase.</p></li></ul><p>You&#8217;ll learn much more than you would from a dictionary.</p><h3>5. Listen again</h3><p>Now that you understand the general meaning, play the song again.</p><p>You&#8217;ll notice words that seemed invisible before.</p><h3>6. Sing if you want</h3><p>You don&#8217;t need to become the next pop star.</p><p>But singing&#8212;even quietly&#8212;helps you imitate rhythm, pronunciation, and connected speech.</p><p>More importantly, it&#8217;s fun.</p><p>And that&#8217;s the <strong>whole point</strong>.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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white paper" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1593698054589-8c14bb66d2d4?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0fHxsaXN0ZW5pbmclMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM3NDc4MjN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1593698054589-8c14bb66d2d4?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0fHxsaXN0ZW5pbmclMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM3NDc4MjN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1593698054589-8c14bb66d2d4?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0fHxsaXN0ZW5pbmclMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM3NDc4MjN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1593698054589-8c14bb66d2d4?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw0fHxsaXN0ZW5pbmclMjBtdXNpY3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3ODM3NDc4MjN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40soundtrap">Soundtrap</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><h2>Helpful tools</h2><p>Here are a few resources that can make learning through music easier.</p><p><strong>Spotify</strong></p><p>Create your own playlists and keep adding songs you genuinely enjoy.</p><p><strong>YouTube Music</strong></p><p>Perfect if you like discovering live performances, acoustic versions, or recommendations.</p><p><strong>Genius</strong></p><p>Many songs include explanations about lyrics, slang, and cultural references.</p><p><strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flyricstraining.com%2F">LyricsTraining</a></strong></p><p>A fun website where you complete missing lyrics while listening.</p><p>Treat it as a game rather than a test.</p><p><strong>Any AI chatbot: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, etc.</strong></p><p>Probably the most flexible tool of all.</p><p>It can explain idioms, summarize songs, compare regional vocabulary, simplify difficult lyrics, or answer any questions that come up while you&#8217;re listening.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Where to start</h2><p>If you&#8217;re looking for inspiration, here are a few artists from different countries, styles, and generations.</p><p>The goal isn&#8217;t to tell you what you <em>should</em> listen to.</p><p>It&#8217;s simply to open the door to music in Spanish.</p><h3>If you like pop</h3><ul><li><p>Shakira</p></li><li><p>Julieta Venegas</p></li><li><p>Morat</p></li></ul><h3>If you like rock</h3><ul><li><p>Soda Stereo</p></li><li><p>Man&#225;</p></li><li><p>Jarabe de Palo</p></li><li><p>Enanitos verdes</p></li></ul><h3>If you enjoy singer-songwriters</h3><ul><li><p>Joaqu&#237;n Sabina</p></li><li><p>Natalia Lafourcade</p></li><li><p>Mon Laferte</p></li></ul><h3>If you love Latin rhythms</h3><ul><li><p>Juan Luis Guerra</p></li><li><p>Carlos Vives</p></li><li><p>Celia Cruz</p></li></ul><h3>If you&#8217;re looking for something different</h3><ul><li><p>Rosal&#237;a</p></li><li><p>Daniel, Me Est&#225;s Matando</p></li></ul><p>And remember: this list is just a starting point.</p><p><strong>The best artist for learning Spanish is the one you&#8217;ll happily listen to on repeat</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h2>One final thought</h2><p>Language learning isn&#8217;t about finding perfect resources. It&#8217;s about building a life where Spanish naturally has a place.</p><p>Music can be part of that life.</p><p>Not because every song teaches twenty new vocabulary words.</p><p>Not because every lyric is easy to understand.</p><p>But because it makes Spanish enjoyable.</p><p><strong>The more you enjoy the process, the more likely you are to keep going</strong>.</p><p>And consistency is what ultimately leads to fluency.</p><p>So put on your headphones.</p><p>Find an artist you genuinely like.</p><p>Press play.</p><p>And don&#8217;t study the music. </p><p>Enjoy it.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Want more authentic Spanish?</h3><p>If you enjoy learning through real-world Spanish, that&#8217;s exactly what I&#8217;m building here on <em>Spanish Makes Sense</em>.</p><p>Premium subscribers get access to my complete Spanish courses, designed to take you step by step from beginner to confident speaker, with practical lessons, stories, exercises, and grammar explained in a clear, friendly way.</p><p>They also receive my exclusive series <strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2Fcelia-cruz-the-queen-of-salsa%3Fr%3D5lphii">Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</a></strong>, where we explore the lives of remarkable people from the Spanish-speaking world through engaging stories adapted for learners. <strong>Each edition includes vocabulary, grammar, and activities to help you improve your Spanish while discovering fascinating people and cultures</strong>.</p><p>You can read the first post in this series here:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;19e24149-82f5-4dad-9754-e620dcb595fe&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Welcome to the very first edition of Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia &#8212; a new premium series inside Spanish Makes Sense designed to help you learn Spanish naturally through stories and culture.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;1. Gabriel Garc&#237;a Marquez: From a Small Colombian Town to the Whole World&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-18T23:40:08.384Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07XP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d7c632b-cccc-44c9-b79c-cc88d8849869_1344x890.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/1-gabriel-garcia-marquez-from-a-small&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Stories in Spanish&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197930220,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:18,&quot;comment_count&quot;:10,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>If that sounds like your kind of learning, I&#8217;d love to have you as part of the community.</p><p>And before you go...</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s one Spanish song&#8212;or artist&#8212;you can&#8217;t stop listening to? &#127926;</strong></p><p>Leave a comment below! </p><p>I&#8217;m always looking for new recommendations, and I&#8217;m sure other readers are too.</p><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[3. Celia Cruz: The Queen of Salsa]]></title><description><![CDATA[Music, Joy, and a Voice That Never Stopped Singing.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/celia-cruz-the-queen-of-salsa</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/celia-cruz-the-queen-of-salsa</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 15:01:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb613942-10aa-4f14-8837-7bc37216055d_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21d5fG%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1e3488f2-24e3-4a51-a596-4ec0653fb8c9_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5fG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e3488f2-24e3-4a51-a596-4ec0653fb8c9_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5fG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e3488f2-24e3-4a51-a596-4ec0653fb8c9_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5fG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e3488f2-24e3-4a51-a596-4ec0653fb8c9_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d5fG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e3488f2-24e3-4a51-a596-4ec0653fb8c9_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21d5fG%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F1e3488f2-24e3-4a51-a596-4ec0653fb8c9_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In today&#8217;s lesson, you will discover the life of <strong>Celia Cruz</strong>, one of the most famous singers in the Spanish-speaking world and an international symbol of Latin music.</p><p>As you read her story, you will practice:</p><ul><li><p>talking about daily routines and life changes,</p></li><li><p>comparing the present and the past,</p></li><li><p>using expressions of frequency,</p></li><li><p>and learning essential vocabulary related to music, concerts, emotions, dancing, and singing.</p></li></ul><p>This lesson includes:</p><ul><li><p>essential vocabulary,</p></li><li><p>reading comprehension activities,</p></li><li><p>vocabulary exercises,</p></li><li><p>grammar practice,</p></li><li><p>audio version of the story</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>Remember that you can download the PDF for this lesson by clicking the three dots and selecting &#8220;Open as PDF&#8221; as you can see below:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Gk4W%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff38485b9-541e-4da2-983a-45e21eb0882d_901x542.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gk4W!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff38485b9-541e-4da2-983a-45e21eb0882d_901x542.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gk4W!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff38485b9-541e-4da2-983a-45e21eb0882d_901x542.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gk4W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff38485b9-541e-4da2-983a-45e21eb0882d_901x542.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gk4W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff38485b9-541e-4da2-983a-45e21eb0882d_901x542.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></blockquote><p>Let&#8217;s begin.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Celia Cruz</h1><p>Celia Cruz fue una de las cantantes m&#225;s importantes de la m&#250;sica latina. Muchas personas la conocen como &#8220;La Reina de la Salsa&#8221;. Su voz, su energ&#237;a y su personalidad hicieron que millones de personas bailaran y cantaran durante varias generaciones.</p><p>Celia Cruz naci&#243; en La Habana, Cuba, en 1925. Cuando era ni&#241;a, le gustaba mucho la m&#250;sica. En su casa, cantaba con frecuencia para su familia. Tambi&#233;n escuchaba diferentes estilos musicales en la radio.</p><p>Cuando Celia era joven, su vida era bastante normal. Estudiaba, ayudaba en casa y pasaba tiempo con sus amigos. Sin embargo, hab&#237;a una diferencia importante entre ella y muchos otros j&#243;venes: le encantaba cantar.</p><p>A menudo participaba en concursos de m&#250;sica. Cada vez que ten&#237;a una oportunidad, sub&#237;a al escenario para cantar. Poco a poco, las personas empezaron a notar su talento.</p><p>En aquella &#233;poca, Celia so&#241;aba con convertirse en una cantante profesional. No fue f&#225;cil. Tuvo que trabajar mucho y practicar constantemente. Pero nunca abandon&#243; su sue&#241;o.</p><p>Con el tiempo, comenz&#243; a cantar con grupos musicales importantes. Su voz era diferente y el p&#250;blico la recordaba f&#225;cilmente. Cada concierto atra&#237;a a m&#225;s personas.</p><p>Durante los a&#241;os cincuenta, Celia se convirti&#243; en una cantante muy popular en Cuba. Su vida cambi&#243; r&#225;pidamente. Antes cantaba para grupos peque&#241;os; ahora actuaba ante miles de personas.</p><p>La m&#250;sica ocupaba una parte cada vez m&#225;s importante de su vida. Mientras otras personas ten&#237;an horarios m&#225;s tranquilos, Celia viajaba constantemente para actuar y grabar canciones.</p><p>M&#225;s tarde, dej&#243; Cuba y comenz&#243; una nueva etapa de su vida en Estados Unidos. Este cambio fue dif&#237;cil porque tuvo que adaptarse a un nuevo pa&#237;s y a nuevas circunstancias.</p><p>Sin embargo, Celia continu&#243; trabajando con entusiasmo. Siempre intentaba transmitir alegr&#237;a a trav&#233;s de su m&#250;sica. Cuando sub&#237;a al escenario, sonre&#237;a, bailaba y hac&#237;a que el p&#250;blico se sintiera feliz.</p><p>Muchas personas admiraban su actitud positiva. Incluso en momentos dif&#237;ciles, Celia sol&#237;a mantener una gran energ&#237;a. Para ella, la m&#250;sica era una forma de conectar con otras personas.</p><p>Con el paso de los a&#241;os, grab&#243; decenas de &#225;lbumes y realiz&#243; conciertos por todo el mundo. Viajaba con frecuencia a diferentes pa&#237;ses y conoc&#237;a a personas de muchas culturas.</p><p>Durante sus conciertos, era normal ver a la gente bailar, cantar y disfrutar de la m&#250;sica. Sus canciones transmit&#237;an emociones fuertes como la alegr&#237;a, la esperanza y el entusiasmo.</p><p>Uno de los aspectos m&#225;s famosos de Celia Cruz era su manera de hablar con el p&#250;blico. Muchas veces gritaba una palabra que se convirti&#243; en su s&#237;mbolo personal: &#8220;&#161;Az&#250;car!&#8221;.</p><p>Con esta expresi&#243;n, Celia transmit&#237;a energ&#237;a, felicidad y amor por la vida. Hoy en d&#237;a, muchas personas todav&#237;a relacionan esa palabra con ella.</p><div id="youtube2-93hOmxwWOss" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;93hOmxwWOss&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2F93hOmxwWOss%3Frel%3D0%26amp%3Bautoplay%3D0%26amp%3Bshowinfo%3D0%26amp%3Benablejsapi%3D0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>A medida que pasaban los a&#241;os, su fama segu&#237;a creciendo. Gan&#243; numerosos premios y recibi&#243; reconocimientos importantes por su contribuci&#243;n a la m&#250;sica latina.</p><p>A diferencia de muchas celebridades, Celia nunca perdi&#243; la cercan&#237;a con sus seguidores. Siempre mostraba gratitud hacia las personas que escuchaban su m&#250;sica.</p><p>Cuando los periodistas le preguntaban por el secreto de su &#233;xito, ella hablaba del trabajo constante, la pasi&#243;n y el amor por la m&#250;sica.</p><p>En el presente, aunque Celia Cruz ya no est&#225; con nosotros, sus canciones contin&#250;an sonando en fiestas, radios y plataformas digitales.</p><p>Muchas personas j&#243;venes descubren su m&#250;sica por primera vez cada a&#241;o. Otras la escuchan porque forma parte de los recuerdos de su infancia.</p><p>Hoy, cuando escuchamos canciones como <em>La Vida es un Carnaval</em>, todav&#237;a sentimos la energ&#237;a y la alegr&#237;a que hicieron famosa a Celia Cruz.</p><p>Gracias a su talento, su trabajo y su pasi&#243;n por la m&#250;sica, Celia Cruz se convirti&#243; en una de las voces m&#225;s importantes de la historia de la m&#250;sica latina.</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>To access the audio version of this story narrated by me, along with the accompanying activities, become a paid subscriber.</strong></em></p><p><em>By subscribing, you&#8217;ll help support the creation of more learning materials like this and contribute to the growth of this project and my mission of making Spanish truly make sense for learners around the world.</em></p><div><hr></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Founding Members]]></title><description><![CDATA[A space dedicated to our Founding Members &#8212; those who have chosen to go a step further in supporting Spanish Makes Sense. A sincere thank you for your trust and commitment. &#128591;]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/founding-members</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/founding-members</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 12:55:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="5040" height="3360" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1582213782179-e0d53f98f2ca?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxoZWxwfGVufDB8fHx8MTc4MzAyNzM2NHww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40hannahbusing">Hannah Busing</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>A space dedicated to our Founding Members &#8212; those who have chosen to go a step further in supporting <strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong>. A sincere <strong>thank you</strong> for your <strong>trust</strong> and <strong>commitment</strong>. &#128591;</p><p>If you&#8217;d like to become a founding member of <strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong>, you can click here:</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>Founding members:</h1><ul><li><p><strong>David Weaver</strong> </p></li><li><p><strong>Meidda Short </strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Lee Hudson</strong></p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The First 300 Spanish Words You Should Learn]]></title><description><![CDATA[Part 3 of a Practical Guide to the 1,000 Most Frequently Used Words in Spanish]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-first-300-spanish-words-you-should</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-first-300-spanish-words-you-should</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 17:06:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cb69885-348d-4dce-921f-a66617bf1f33_1080x710.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is the <strong>third post</strong> in our series on the <strong>1,000 most frequent words in Spanish</strong>.</p><p>In the previous post, I published the first 200 words. You can see it here:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;8cdc09f3-d2d5-4514-9cd3-d2dcb97e6471&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;In this post, we continue our series of articles where you will learn the 1,000 most frequent words in Spanish.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The First 200 Spanish Words You Should Learn&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-17T14:36:02.035Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a1699982-b557-4480-8f91-0bc335eb6a93_4608x3456.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-first-200-spanish-words-you-should&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Vocabulary&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:184865366,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:25,&quot;comment_count&quot;:1,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>By the end of this post, you&#8217;ll have worked through the <strong>first 300 words</strong>&#8212;the words that appear again and again in everyday Spanish and form the foundation of the language.</p><h3><strong>How you&#8217;ll learn these words (and why they stick)</strong></h3><p>Here&#8217;s a summary of what I covered in more detail in the first post on how you will learn these words:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Context first</strong></p><ul><li><p>You will never learn a word in isolation.</p></li><li><p>Every word appears inside a <strong>very simple sentence</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Surrounding words act as a <strong>support structure</strong>, making meaning clearer and more memorable.</p></li><li><p>Learning this way is like building on <strong>solid ground</strong>, not in mid-air.</p></li><li><p>English translations help you connect new Spanish words to what you already know &#8212; a key advantage adult learners have.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Deliberate practice</strong></p><ul><li><p>Each word is reinforced through <strong>multiple simple exercises</strong>.</p></li><li><p>You see the word, recognize it, use it, and encounter it again in different forms.</p></li><li><p>Repetition with variation strengthens memory.</p></li><li><p>In addition, you have <strong>flashcards </strong>that will help make the learning process much more effective and enjoyable.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Context + practice</strong></p><ul><li><p>This combination is what makes forgetting much harder and learning more durable.</p></li></ul></li></ul><h1><strong>The Words</strong></h1><p>Focus on <strong>learning vocabulary in the form in which it is most commonly used</strong>, rather than worrying too much about infinitives, grammar rules, or technical explanations. Train yourself to recognize words as they naturally appear in Spanish, since this will help you understand and speak the language more quickly and greatly improve your overall comprehension.</p><p>Pay close attention to <strong>words in context</strong>. The same word can have different meanings depending on the sentence in which it appears. Instead of memorizing isolated definitions, try to understand how words work within real examples and be open to seeing familiar words used in slightly different ways. This flexibility is both normal and essential for learning a language effectively.</p><p>Let&#8217;s go!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h3><strong>201. nacional</strong> &#8212; <em>national</em></h3><p>La fiesta es <strong>nacional</strong>.<br><em>The celebration is national.</em></p><h3><strong>202. trabajo</strong> &#8212; <em>work</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>trabajo</strong> es bueno.<br><em>My job is good.</em></p><h3><strong>203. ellos</strong> &#8212; <em>they</em></h3><p><strong>Ellos</strong> juegan en casa.<br><em>They play at home.</em></p><h3><strong>204. mejor</strong> &#8212; <em>better / best</em></h3><p>Este pan es <strong>mejor</strong>.<br><em>This bread is better.</em></p><h3><strong>205. nuevo</strong> &#8212; <em>new</em></h3><p>Tengo un perro <strong>nuevo</strong>.<br><em>I have a new dog.</em></p><h3><strong>206. decir</strong> &#8212; <em>to say</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>decir</strong> algo.<br><em>I want to say something.</em></p><h3><strong>207. algunos</strong> &#8212; <em>some</em></h3><p><strong>Algunos</strong> ni&#241;os corren.<br><em>Some children run.</em></p><h3><strong>208. entonces</strong> &#8212; <em>then</em></h3><p>Comemos y <strong>entonces</strong> jugamos.<br><em>We eat and then we play.</em></p><h3><strong>209. todas</strong> &#8212; <em>all (fem.)</em></h3><p><strong>Todas</strong> las casas son bonitas.<br><em>All the houses are beautiful.</em></p><h3><strong>210. d&#237;as</strong> &#8212; <em>days</em></h3><p>Los <strong>d&#237;as</strong> son largos.<br><em>The days are long.</em></p><h3><strong>211. debe</strong> &#8212; <em>must / should</em></h3><p>&#201;l <strong>debe</strong> estudiar.<br><em>He must study.</em></p><h3><strong>212. pol&#237;tica</strong> &#8212; <em>politics</em></h3><p>La <strong>pol&#237;tica</strong> es importante.<br><em>Politics is important.</em></p><h3><strong>213. c&#243;mo</strong> &#8212; <em>how</em></h3><p>&#191;<strong>C&#243;mo</strong> est&#225;s?<br><em>How are you?</em></p><h3><strong>214. casi</strong> &#8212; <em>almost</em></h3><p>Es <strong>casi</strong> noche.<br><em>It is almost night.</em></p><h3><strong>215. toda</strong> &#8212; <em>all / whole</em></h3><p>Leo <strong>toda</strong> la historia.<br><em>I read the whole story.</em></p><h3><strong>216. tal</strong> &#8212; <em>such / such a</em></h3><p>Es <strong>tal</strong> problema.<br><em>It is such a problem.</em></p><h3><strong>217. luego</strong> &#8212; <em>later / then</em></h3><p>Ahora juego; <strong>luego</strong> duermo.<br><em>Now I play; later I sleep.</em></p><h3><strong>218. pasado</strong> &#8212; <em>past</em></h3><p>El <strong>pasado</strong> fue bueno.<br><em>The past was good.</em></p><h3><strong>219. primer</strong> &#8212; <em>first</em></h3><p>Es mi <strong>primer</strong> libro.<br><em>It is my first book.</em></p><h3><strong>220. medio</strong> &#8212; <em>middle / half</em></h3><p>Estoy en el <strong>medio</strong>.<br><em>I am in the middle.</em></p><h3><strong>221. va</strong> &#8212; <em>goes</em></h3><p>Ella <strong>va</strong> al parque.<br><em>She goes to the park.</em></p><h3><strong>222. estas</strong> &#8212; <em>these (fem.)</em></h3><p><strong>Estas</strong> flores son bonitas.<br><em>These flowers are beautiful.</em></p><h3><strong>223. sea</strong> &#8212; <em>be (subjunctive)</em></h3><p>Quiz&#225; <strong>sea</strong> verdad.<br><em>Maybe it is true.</em></p><h3><strong>224. tengo</strong> &#8212; <em>I have</em></h3><p><strong>Tengo</strong> tres gatos.<br><em>I have three cats.</em></p><h3><strong>225. nunca</strong> &#8212; <em>never</em></h3><p>Yo <strong>nunca</strong> corro.<br><em>I never run.</em></p><h3><strong>226. poder</strong> &#8212; <em>to be able to</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>poder</strong> ayudar.<br><em>I want to be able to help.</em></p><h3><strong>227. aqu&#237;</strong> &#8212; <em>here</em></h3><p>Estoy <strong>aqu&#237;</strong>.<br><em>I am here.</em></p><h3><strong>228. ver</strong> &#8212; <em>to see</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>ver</strong> el perro.<br><em>I want to see the dog.</em></p><h3><strong>229. vez</strong> &#8212; <em>time</em></h3><p>Otra <strong>vez</strong>, por favor.<br><em>One more time, please.</em></p><h3><strong>230. embargo</strong> &#8212; <em>however</em> (normally in &#8220;sin embargo&#8221;)</h3><p><strong>Sin embargo</strong>, sigo feliz.<br><em>However, I remain happy.</em></p><h3><strong>231. lugar</strong> &#8212; <em>place</em></h3><p>Este <strong>lugar</strong> es bonito.<br><em>This place is beautiful.</em></p><h3><strong>232. pues</strong> &#8212; <em>well / then</em></h3><p><strong>Pues</strong>, vamos.<br><em>Well, let&#8217;s go.</em></p><h3><strong>233. social</strong> &#8212; <em>social</em></h3><p>Es un problema <strong>social</strong>.<br><em>It is a social problem.</em></p><h3><strong>234. puesto</strong> &#8212; <em>position / place</em></h3><p>Tengo un buen <strong>puesto</strong>.<br><em>I have a good position.</em></p><h3><strong>235. caso</strong> &#8212; <em>case</em></h3><p>Es un buen <strong>caso</strong>.<br><em>It is a good case.</em></p><h3><strong>236. buena</strong> &#8212; <em>good</em></h3><p>Es una <strong>buena</strong> idea.<br><em>It is a good idea.</em></p><h3><strong>237. cuales</strong> &#8212; <em>which</em></h3><p>&#191;<strong>Cu&#225;les</strong> son?<br><em>Which ones are they?</em></p><h3><strong>238. gobierno</strong> &#8212; <em>government</em></h3><p>El <strong>gobierno</strong> habla hoy.<br><em>The government speaks today.</em></p><h3><strong>239. dar</strong> &#8212; <em>to give</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>dar</strong> agua.<br><em>I want to give water.</em></p><h3><strong>240. se&#241;or</strong> &#8212; <em>sir / man</em></h3><p>El <strong>se&#241;or</strong> sonr&#237;e.<br><em>The man smiles.</em></p><h3><strong>241. vamos</strong> &#8212; <em>we go / let&#8217;s go</em></h3><p><strong>Vamos</strong> a casa.<br><em>Let&#8217;s go home.</em></p><h3><strong>242. saber</strong> &#8212; <em>to know</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>saber</strong> m&#225;s.<br><em>I want to know more.</em></p><h3><strong>243. a&#250;n</strong> &#8212; <em>still</em></h3><p><strong>A&#250;n</strong> estoy aqu&#237;.<br><em>I am still here.</em></p><h3><strong>244. bajo</strong> &#8212; <em>under / low</em></h3><p>El gato est&#225; <strong>bajo</strong> la mesa.<br><em>The cat is under the table.</em></p><h3><strong>245. veces</strong> &#8212; <em>times</em></h3><p>Muchas <strong>veces</strong> juego aqu&#237;.<br><em>Many times I play here.</em></p><h3><strong>246. mucho</strong> &#8212; <em>a lot</em></h3><p>Te quiero <strong>mucho</strong>.<br><em>I love you a lot.</em></p><h3><strong>247. a&#241;os</strong> &#8212; <em>years</em></h3><p>Tengo diez <strong>a&#241;os</strong>.<br><em>I am ten years old.</em></p><h3><strong>248. donde</strong> &#8212; <em>where</em></h3><p>&#191;<strong>D&#243;nde</strong> est&#225; mam&#225;?<br><em>Where is mom?</em></p><h3><strong>249. mismo</strong> &#8212; <em>same</em></h3><p>Es el <strong>mismo</strong> perro.<br><em>It is the same dog.</em></p><h3><strong>250. bien</strong> &#8212; <em>well</em></h3><p>Todo est&#225; <strong>bien</strong>.<br><em>Everything is fine.</em></p><h3><strong>251. persona</strong> &#8212; <em>person</em></h3><p>Es una buena <strong>persona</strong>.<br><em>He is a good person.</em></p><h3><strong>252. nuestro</strong> &#8212; <em>our</em></h3><p>Es <strong>nuestro</strong> perro.<br><em>It is our dog.</em></p><h3><strong>253. ni</strong> &#8212; <em>nor</em></h3><p>No hay pan <strong>ni</strong> agua.<br><em>There is no bread nor water.</em></p><h3><strong>254. agua</strong> &#8212; <em>water</em></h3><p>Quiero <strong>agua</strong>.<br><em>I want water.</em></p><h3><strong>255. manera</strong> &#8212; <em>way</em></h3><p>Es una buena <strong>manera</strong>.<br><em>It is a good way.</em></p><h3><strong>256. incluso</strong> &#8212; <em>even</em></h3><p><strong>Incluso</strong> el perro juega.<br><em>Even the dog plays.</em></p><h3><strong>257. mujeres</strong> &#8212; <em>women</em></h3><p>Las <strong>mujeres</strong> hablan.<br><em>The women speak.</em></p><h3><strong>258. vida</strong> &#8212; <em>life</em></h3><p>La <strong>vida</strong> es bonita.<br><em>Life is beautiful.</em></p><h3><strong>259. punto</strong> &#8212; <em>point</em></h3><p>Es un buen <strong>punto</strong>.<br><em>It is a good point.</em></p><h3><strong>260. manos</strong> &#8212; <em>hands</em></h3><p>Tengo dos <strong>manos</strong>.<br><em>I have two hands.</em></p><h3><strong>261. nombre</strong> &#8212; <em>name</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>nombre</strong> es Leo.<br><em>My name is Leo.</em></p><h3><strong>262. nivel</strong> &#8212; <em>level</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>nivel</strong> es bueno.<br><em>My level is good.</em></p><h3><strong>263. manera</strong> &#8212; <em>way</em></h3><p>Hay otra <strong>manera</strong>.<br><em>There is another way.</em></p><h3><strong>264. nacional</strong> &#8212; <em>national</em></h3><p>Es un d&#237;a <strong>nacional</strong>.<br><em>It is a national day.</em></p><h3><strong>265. partido</strong> &#8212; <em>party / match</em></h3><p>El <strong>partido</strong> empieza.<br><em>The match begins.</em></p><h3><strong>266. personas</strong> &#8212; <em>people</em></h3><p>Muchas <strong>personas</strong> est&#225;n aqu&#237;.<br><em>Many people are here.</em></p><h3><strong>267. realidad</strong> &#8212; <em>reality</em></h3><p>La <strong>realidad</strong> es diferente.<br><em>Reality is different.</em></p><h3><strong>268. importante</strong> &#8212; <em>important</em></h3><p>Es muy <strong>importante</strong>.<br><em>It is very important.</em></p><h3><strong>269. padre</strong> &#8212; <em>father</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>padre</strong> trabaja.<br><em>My father works.</em></p><h3><strong>270. gente</strong> &#8212; <em>people</em></h3><p>La <strong>gente</strong> sonr&#237;e.<br><em>People smile.</em></p><h3><strong>271. fin</strong> &#8212; <em>end</em></h3><p>Es el <strong>fin</strong>.<br><em>It is the end.</em></p><h3><strong>272. mujer</strong> &#8212; <em>woman</em></h3><p>La <strong>mujer</strong> lee.<br><em>The woman reads.</em></p><h3><strong>273. hoy</strong> &#8212; <em>today</em></h3><p><strong>Hoy</strong> juego.<br><em>Today I play.</em></p><h3><strong>274. proceso</strong> &#8212; <em>process</em></h3><p>El <strong>proceso</strong> es f&#225;cil.<br><em>The process is easy.</em></p><h3><strong>275. desarrollo</strong> &#8212; <em>development</em></h3><p>Hay <strong>desarrollo</strong> aqu&#237;.<br><em>There is development here.</em></p><h3><strong>276. embargo</strong> &#8212; <em>however</em></h3><p><strong>Sin embargo</strong>, seguimos.<br><em>However, we continue.</em></p><h3><strong>277. cuenta</strong> &#8212; <em>account / count</em></h3><p>La <strong>cuenta</strong> es corta.<br><em>The count is short.</em></p><h3><strong>278. trabajo</strong> &#8212; <em>work</em></h3><p>Tengo mucho <strong>trabajo</strong>.<br><em>I have a lot of work.</em></p><h3><strong>279. menos</strong> &#8212; <em>less</em></h3><p>Hoy trabajo <strong>menos</strong>.<br><em>Today I work less.</em></p><h3><strong>280. ciudad</strong> &#8212; <em>city</em></h3><p>La <strong>ciudad</strong> es grande.<br><em>The city is big.</em></p><h3><strong>281. dentro</strong> &#8212; <em>inside</em></h3><p>Estoy <strong>dentro</strong> de casa.<br><em>I am inside the house.</em></p><h3><strong>282. grupo</strong> &#8212; <em>group</em></h3><p>El <strong>grupo</strong> juega.<br><em>The group plays.</em></p><h3><strong>283. problema</strong> &#8212; <em>problem</em></h3><p>Tengo un <strong>problema</strong>.<br><em>I have a problem.</em></p><h3><strong>284. presidente</strong> &#8212; <em>president</em></h3><p>El <strong>presidente</strong> habla.<br><em>The president speaks.</em></p><h3><strong>285. pa&#237;s</strong> &#8212; <em>country</em></h3><p>Mi <strong>pa&#237;s</strong> es bonito.<br><em>My country is beautiful.</em></p><h3><strong>286. historia</strong> &#8212; <em>story / history</em></h3><p>La <strong>historia</strong> es interesante.<br><em>The story is interesting.</em></p><h3><strong>287. posible</strong> &#8212; <em>possible</em></h3><p>Es <strong>posible</strong>.<br><em>It is possible.</em></p><h3><strong>288. tarde</strong> &#8212; <em>afternoon / late</em></h3><p>Es <strong>tarde</strong>.<br><em>It is late.</em></p><h3><strong>289. relaci&#243;n</strong> &#8212; <em>relationship</em></h3><p>Tenemos una buena <strong>relaci&#243;n</strong>.<br><em>We have a good relationship.</em></p><h3><strong>290. sistema</strong> &#8212; <em>system</em></h3><p>El <strong>sistema</strong> funciona.<br><em>The system works.</em></p><h3><strong>291. cuatro</strong> &#8212; <em>four</em></h3><p>Tengo <strong>cuatro</strong> libros.<br><em>I have four books.</em></p><h3><strong>292. qui&#233;n</strong> &#8212; <em>who</em></h3><p>&#191;<strong>Qui&#233;n</strong> viene?<br><em>Who is coming?</em></p><h3><strong>293. exactamente</strong> &#8212; <em>exactly</em></h3><p>Es <strong>exactamente</strong> eso.<br><em>It is exactly that.</em></p><h3><strong>294. importante</strong> &#8212; <em>important</em></h3><p>Es muy <strong>importante</strong> para m&#237;.<br><em>It is very important to me.</em></p><h3><strong>295. servicio</strong> &#8212; <em>service</em></h3><p>El <strong>servicio</strong> es bueno.<br><em>The service is good.</em></p><h3><strong>296. amigos</strong> &#8212; <em>friends</em></h3><p>Mis <strong>amigos</strong> juegan.<br><em>My friends play.</em></p><h3><strong>297. largo</strong> &#8212; <em>long</em></h3><p>El camino es <strong>largo</strong>.<br><em>The road is long.</em></p><h3><strong>298. cinco</strong> &#8212; <em>five</em></h3><p>Tengo <strong>cinco</strong> perros.<br><em>I have five dogs.</em></p><h3><strong>299. informaci&#243;n</strong> &#8212; <em>information</em></h3><p>La <strong>informaci&#243;n</strong> ayuda.<br><em>Information helps.</em></p><h3><strong>300. momento</strong> &#8212; <em>moment</em></h3><p>Es un buen <strong>momento</strong>.<br><em>It is a good moment.</em></p><div><hr></div><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h2><strong>Want to Go Further? From Zero to Fluent Conversations</strong></h2><p>I&#8217;ve designed a <strong>Spanish course</strong> that works like a clear itinerary &#8211; not a maze.<br>It takes you from absolute zero to having <strong>real, advanced conversations</strong> with confidence.</p><p>Curious? Check it out here:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;6cba65e9-a568-473e-a715-eb88aa6060c2&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;For a long time, I kept seeing the same pattern.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;El Curso 1 &#8212; Your Path To Fluency&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-15T08:51:15.458Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25feab14-43a8-4ba6-8ba8-4668677b2471_3600x2025.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/el-curso-1-your-path-to-fluency&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Course&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:181662297,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:15,&quot;comment_count&quot;:8,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div></div><div><hr></div><h1><strong>&#9997;&#65039; Let&#8217;s practice!</strong></h1><p><strong>A. Choose the correct word. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><ol><li><p>Mi padre tiene mucho ________.<br>(work)</p></li><li><p>Este libro es ________ que el otro.<br>(better)</p></li><li><p>Tengo un perro ________.<br>(new)</p></li><li><p>Yo ________ como carne.<br>(never)</p></li><li><p>Estoy ________.<br>(here)</p></li><li><p>Este ________ es muy bonito.<br>(place)</p></li><li><p>Quiero ________ un regalo a mi mam&#225;.<br>(give)</p></li><li><p>Yo ________ estoy cansado.<br>(still)</p></li><li><p>El gato est&#225; ________ la mesa.<br>(under)</p></li><li><p>La ________ sonr&#237;e en el parque.<br>(people)</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>B. Translate into Spanish. Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><ol start="21"><li><p><em>city</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>woman</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>friends</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>five</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>moment</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>information</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>story</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>group</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>inside</em> &#8594; __________</p></li><li><p><em>problem</em> &#8594; __________</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>C. Fill in the blank with the correct word (look at the English sentence). Answers in the footnotes.</strong><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><ol start="31"><li><p>My father works.<br>Mi ________ trabaja.</p></li><li><p>This is our dog.<br>Este es ________ perro.</p></li><li><p>I want water.<br>Quiero ________.</p></li><li><p>The women speak.<br>Las ________ hablan.</p></li><li><p>I have two hands.<br>Tengo dos ________.</p></li><li><p>My name is Leo.<br>Mi ________ es Leo.</p></li><li><p>The city is big.<br>La ________ es grande.</p></li><li><p>I am inside the house.<br>Estoy ________ de casa.</p></li><li><p>We have a good relationship.<br>Tenemos una buena ________.</p></li><li><p>It is exactly that.<br>Es ________ eso.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p><strong>D. Return to the list of words. Read the sentence in Spanish and try to translate the key word (in bold) into English. Do this as many times as necessary until you are able to translate all the words.</strong></p><p><strong>Version for more advanced students: Translate from English to Spanish.</strong></p><p><em>(There is no better exercise than this to test our vocabulary.)</em></p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://gemini.google.com/share/eafbc8b85eac&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Practice with flashcards here&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgemini.google.com%2Fshare%2Feafbc8b85eac"><span>Practice with flashcards here</span></a></p><div><hr></div><p>I hope you found this lesson useful.</p><p>I will publish the other 100 words soon.</p><p>If you have any questions, let me know.</p><p>Hasta pronto,</p><p>Leo</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. trabajo | 2. mejor | 3. nuevo | 4. nunca | 5. aqu&#237; | 6. lugar | 7. dar | 8. a&#250;n | 9. bajo | 10. gente</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. ciudad | 2. mujer | 3. amigos | 4. cinco | 5. momento | 6. informaci&#243;n | 7. historia | 8. grupo | 9. dentro | 10. problema</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2F%23footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>1. padre | 2. nuestro | 3. agua | 4. mujeres | 5. manos | 6. nombre | 7. ciudad | 8. dentro | 9. relaci&#243;n | 10. exactamente</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[2. Salvador Dalí. From Spain to the World of Surrealism]]></title><description><![CDATA[Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/2-salvador-dali-from-spain-to-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/2-salvador-dali-from-spain-to-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2026 12:12:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ahx3%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Salvador Dal&#237;</h2><p>In the previous unit from our collection <em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.substack.com%2Fpub%2Fspanismakessense%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hispanohablantes que hicieron histori</a></em><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.substack.com%2Fpub%2Fspanismakessense%2Fp%2Fthese-stories-will-change-the-way%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">a</a> we explored the life of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.substack.com%2Fpub%2Fspanismakessense%2Fp%2F1-gabriel-garcia-marquez-from-a-small%3Fr%3D5lphii%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Gabriel Garc&#237;a M&#225;rquez</a> and discovered how magical realism transformed Spanish-language literature.</p><p>In today&#8217;s lesson, we&#8217;ll travel from Colombia to Spain to discover the fascinating world of Salvador Dal&#237; &#8212; one of the most original, eccentric, and influential artists of the twentieth century.</p><p>Through this story, you&#8217;ll continue improving your Spanish naturally while learning about art, creativity, and personality.</p><p>So grab a coffee, relax, and enjoy today&#8217;s story.</p><div><hr></div><h2>This lesson includes:</h2><ul><li><p>Essential vocabulary</p></li><li><p>Grammar reinforcement</p></li><li><p>Reading comprehension activities</p></li><li><p>Vocabulary exercises</p></li><li><p>Audio version of the story</p></li><li><p>PDF of this unit</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h1>Salvador Dal&#237;</h1><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ahx3%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Ahx3%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg" width="358" height="393.93560606060606" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:581,&quot;width&quot;:528,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:358,&quot;bytes&quot;:28397,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/i/199772374?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ahx3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F585f8b84-8bd7-4776-a0bd-4b060fabedf2_528x581.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Salvador Dal&#237; fue uno de los artistas m&#225;s famosos y extravagantes del siglo XX. Naci&#243; el 11 de mayo de 1904 en Figueres, una peque&#241;a ciudad de Catalu&#241;a, en Espa&#241;a. Desde muy joven, mostr&#243; una personalidad diferente y una imaginaci&#243;n extraordinaria.</p><p>Su nombre completo era Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dal&#237; i Dom&#232;nech. Sus padres pensaban que &#233;l era muy especial porque naci&#243; nueve meses despu&#233;s de la muerte de otro hijo que tambi&#233;n se llamaba Salvador. Esta experiencia tuvo una gran influencia en su vida y en su personalidad.</p><p>Cuando era ni&#241;o, Dal&#237; disfrutaba dibujando y creando im&#225;genes extra&#241;as. Sus profesores notaron r&#225;pidamente que ten&#237;a un talento art&#237;stico excepcional. Sin embargo, tambi&#233;n era rebelde, orgulloso y muy dif&#237;cil en algunas ocasiones.</p><p>F&#237;sicamente, Dal&#237; ten&#237;a una apariencia muy caracter&#237;stica. Era delgado, ten&#237;a ojos expresivos y llevaba un gran bigote que se convirti&#243; en uno de los s&#237;mbolos de su imagen p&#250;blica. Le gustaba vestir de manera elegante y extravagante para llamar la atenci&#243;n.</p><p>Durante su adolescencia, Salvador comenz&#243; a interesarse seriamente por la pintura. Estudi&#243; arte en Madrid y conoci&#243; a otros j&#243;venes artistas e intelectuales. All&#237; empez&#243; a desarrollar su estilo personal y a destacar por su comportamiento exc&#233;ntrico.</p><p>En Madrid, Dal&#237; conoci&#243; a importantes figuras de la cultura espa&#241;ola, como Federico Garc&#237;a Lorca y Luis Bu&#241;uel. Estas amistades influyeron mucho en su vida art&#237;stica. Juntos hablaban sobre literatura, cine, pintura y nuevas ideas culturales.</p><p>Dal&#237; no quer&#237;a pintar como los artistas tradicionales. &#201;l quer&#237;a sorprender al p&#250;blico y representar im&#225;genes imposibles, como las que aparecen en los sue&#241;os. Poco a poco, comenz&#243; a desarrollar el estilo que m&#225;s tarde lo har&#237;a famoso.</p><p>En la d&#233;cada de 1920, Salvador Dal&#237; se acerc&#243; al surrealismo. El surrealismo era un movimiento art&#237;stico que exploraba los sue&#241;os, el subconsciente y las ideas irracionales. Los artistas surrealistas quer&#237;an mostrar im&#225;genes extra&#241;as y misteriosas.</p><p>Dal&#237; r&#225;pidamente se convirti&#243; en una de las figuras m&#225;s importantes del surrealismo. Sus pinturas eran extremadamente detalladas y realistas, pero mostraban escenas absurdas y fant&#225;sticas. Esa combinaci&#243;n fascinaba a muchas personas.</p><p>Una de sus obras m&#225;s famosas es <em>La persistencia de la memoria</em>, el famoso cuadro de los relojes blandos. En esta pintura aparecen relojes derriti&#233;ndose en un paisaje silencioso y extra&#241;o. La imagen se convirti&#243; en uno de los s&#237;mbolos m&#225;s conocidos del arte moderno.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Tsjf%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Tsjf%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tsjf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7bbb765-f11f-4b2d-be3c-566d20b2cc98_1488x837.webp 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">La persistencia de la memoria de Dal&#237;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Dal&#237; dec&#237;a que muchas de sus ideas ven&#237;an de sus sue&#241;os. Tambi&#233;n estaba muy interesado en las teor&#237;as de Sigmund Freud y en el funcionamiento del subconsciente. Cre&#237;a que el arte deb&#237;a explorar las partes ocultas de la mente humana.</p><p>Adem&#225;s de pintor, Dal&#237; tambi&#233;n trabaj&#243; en cine, fotograf&#237;a, escultura, moda y dise&#241;o. Colabor&#243; con artistas y cineastas famosos. Siempre buscaba nuevas maneras de expresar su creatividad.</p><p>Dal&#237; era conocido no solo por su arte, sino tambi&#233;n por su personalidad exc&#233;ntrica. Muchas veces hac&#237;a declaraciones extra&#241;as o actuaba de manera teatral para provocar reacciones. Algunas personas lo admiraban y otras pensaban que solo quer&#237;a llamar la atenci&#243;n.</p><p>En una ocasi&#243;n, Dal&#237; apareci&#243; en una conferencia usando un traje de buzo. Otra vez camin&#243; por Par&#237;s con un oso hormiguero. Estos comportamientos aumentaron todav&#237;a m&#225;s su fama internacional.</p><p>En 1929, Dal&#237; conoci&#243; a Gala, una mujer rusa que se convirti&#243; en su esposa y musa. Gala fue una de las personas m&#225;s importantes de su vida. Ella lo apoy&#243; emocionalmente y tambi&#233;n ayud&#243; a organizar muchos aspectos de su carrera art&#237;stica.</p><p>Durante muchos a&#241;os, Dal&#237; y Gala viajaron por diferentes pa&#237;ses y vivieron juntos. El artista se volvi&#243; internacionalmente famoso y sus obras comenzaron a aparecer en museos y galer&#237;as de todo el mundo.</p><p>A lo largo de su carrera, Dal&#237; produjo cientos de pinturas y obras de arte. Su estilo era tan original que muchas personas pod&#237;an reconocer inmediatamente una obra suya.</p><p>Sin embargo, Dal&#237; tambi&#233;n recibi&#243; cr&#237;ticas. Algunos artistas pensaban que era demasiado comercial o demasiado obsesionado con la fama. A pesar de eso, su popularidad continu&#243; creciendo.</p><p>Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Dal&#237; vivi&#243; durante un tiempo en Estados Unidos. All&#237; trabaj&#243; en diferentes proyectos art&#237;sticos y aument&#243; todav&#237;a m&#225;s su fama internacional.</p><p>Con el paso de los a&#241;os, Salvador Dal&#237; se convirti&#243; en uno de los artistas m&#225;s reconocidos del planeta. Sus cuadros, su personalidad y su imaginaci&#243;n transformaron la historia del arte moderno.</p><p>En sus &#250;ltimos a&#241;os, Dal&#237; regres&#243; a Espa&#241;a. Vivi&#243; principalmente en Catalu&#241;a y continu&#243; trabajando en proyectos art&#237;sticos. Aunque su salud empeor&#243; con el tiempo, nunca perdi&#243; completamente su pasi&#243;n por el arte.</p><p>Salvador Dal&#237; muri&#243; en 1989 en su ciudad natal de Figueres. Ten&#237;a 84 a&#241;os. Hoy, millones de personas visitan el Teatro-Museo Dal&#237; para conocer mejor su vida y sus obras.</p><p>El legado de Dal&#237; contin&#250;a vivo. Sus pinturas siguen fascinando a personas de todas las edades y culturas. Muchas personas consideran que Salvador Dal&#237; fue uno de los artistas m&#225;s creativos e imaginativos de la historia.</p><p>Gracias a su imaginaci&#243;n, sus sue&#241;os y su estilo &#250;nico, Dal&#237; convirti&#243; el surrealismo en un fen&#243;meno mundial.</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>To access the audio version of this story narrated by me, along with the accompanying activities, become a paid subscriber.</strong></em></p><p><em>By subscribing, you&#8217;ll help support the creation of more learning materials like this and contribute to the growth of this project and my mission of making Spanish truly make sense for learners around the world.</em></p><div><hr></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Everything is now clearer (and more organized)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Start Here is live, a new series has begun, and early access pricing ends in 3 days.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/everything-is-now-clearer-and-more</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/everything-is-now-clearer-and-more</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 22:38:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21b-OX%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Ffdff1cfc-2510-489a-99bd-3f47e429c8ea_1080x600.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40hesterqiang">Hester Qiang</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>Every day, I receive messages and small testimonies from students who are slowly&#8212;but clearly&#8212;improving their Spanish.</p><p>The other day, one of my students was able to answer one of my quizzes correctly thanks to a grammar nugget I had shared earlier. </p><p>Another student recently told me that he finally feels more confident using the past tense. </p><p>It makes me very happy to see how my subscribers are improving their Spanish and, as a result, finding more fulfillment in their lives little by little.</p><p>Thank you very much for your trust.</p><div><hr></div><p>I&#8217;ve just reorganized the main page of Spanish Makes Sense to make everything clearer and easier to navigate.</p><p>You&#8217;ll now find a new <strong>Start Here</strong> section where you can see everything I currently offer in one place&#8212;from free content to structured learning paths.</p><p>If you&#8217;ve ever felt a bit lost here or unsure where to begin, this is the best entry point.</p><p>I invite you to take a look here: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;e3b0a9b6-ea96-4f4f-be42-cf89fc300b3c&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;If you&#8217;ve just arrived here, 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Welcome to Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-26T22:08:54.245Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CUFN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc60c5655-ad98-47c3-b4f0-a7ea773d2206_1080x731.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/start-here-welcome-to-spanish-makes&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:199388028,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:0,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>Also, the series <strong>&#8220;Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia&#8221;</strong> is now officially live.</p><p>The first episode is already available for everyone, and this is just the beginning of a much larger storytelling-based Spanish learning experience I&#8217;m building.</p><p>Enjoy it here: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;25b32943-cf6d-472c-a405-3c098a08dc7d&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Welcome to the very first edition of Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia &#8212; a new premium series inside Spanish Makes Sense designed to help you learn Spanish naturally through stories and culture.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;1. Gabriel Garc&#237;a Marquez: From a Small Colombian Town to the Whole World&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-18T23:40:08.384Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07XP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d7c632b-cccc-44c9-b79c-cc88d8849869_1344x890.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/1-gabriel-garcia-marquez-from-a-small&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197930220,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:16,&quot;comment_count&quot;:7,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>Finally, a quick but important note:</p><p>There are <strong>only 3 days left</strong> to join as an early adopter.</p><p>This means you can still get <strong>20% off the subscription&#8212;locked in for life</strong>.</p><p>Once this window closes, <strong>the founding discount disappears permanently.</strong></p><p>If you&#8217;ve been thinking about joining the full Spanish Makes Sense experience (including the structured course and exclusive content), this is the moment to do it. If you&#8217;re already a paid subscriber, you can also give a subscription as a gift.</p><p><strong>Join now and lock in your early adopter discount before it ends in 3 days.</strong></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?coupon=7eb6ec8f&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Claim my 20% discount&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3Fcoupon%3D7eb6ec8f"><span>Claim my 20% discount</span></a></p><div><hr></div><p>Thank you very much for being here, and for being part of this growing project.</p><p>Hasta la pr&#243;xima,</p><p>Leo</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Start Here. Welcome to Spanish Makes Sense]]></title><description><![CDATA[From confusion to clarity in Spanish, poco a poco.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/start-here-welcome-to-spanish-makes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/start-here-welcome-to-spanish-makes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 22:08:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21dr49%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21dr49%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dr49!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27bf40bf-d0d5-4c34-947d-208fe4b2c55a_1254x706.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>If you&#8217;ve just arrived here, welcome.</p><p>I&#8217;m Leo, a Spanish teacher and language educator focused on one simple idea:</p><p><strong>Spanish doesn&#8217;t have to feel complicated. It just has to make sense.</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s what this space is about.</p><p>Not memorizing endless rules. Not getting stuck in textbook Spanish.<br>But building real understanding&#8212;step by step&#8212;so you can actually use the language in the real world.</p><div><hr></div><h2>What this project is</h2><p>Spanish Makes Sense is a learning space built around three things:</p><ul><li><p>Clear, structured Spanish input for beginners and intermediate learners</p></li><li><p>Real stories, culture, and meaning (not isolated grammar drills)</p></li><li><p>Modern and traditional tools and methods to accelerate learning</p></li></ul><p>Everything I create here is designed to help you move from:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;I kind of understand Spanish&#8230;&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>to</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;I can actually use Spanish.&#8221;</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>My mission</h2><p>My mission is simple:</p><p><strong>To make Spanish accessible, logical, and enjoyable for learners who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or lost.</strong></p><p>I believe most people don&#8217;t struggle with Spanish because it is &#8220;too hard.&#8221;</p><p>They struggle because it is taught in a way that doesn&#8217;t make sense.</p><p>So I try to change that.</p><div><hr></div><h2>What you get for free here</h2><p>A big part of Spanish Makes Sense is <strong>completely free</strong>.</p><p>Every week, you&#8217;ll find:</p><h3>&#10134;Practical Spanish lessons</h3><p>Short, focused explanations that actually clarify how Spanish works.</p><p>For example: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;44228659-3f3a-4ac4-8892-63bc82ff4bc7&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;For those of us who learned English, it was always a challenge to remember and use correctly make or do.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Master Ser and Estar with Clarity, Not Confusion&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-09-01T15:48:41.172Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a2d80d0a-55cc-413d-bb1a-19877556be21_3024x2236.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-ser-and-estar&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:172409705,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:29,&quot;comment_count&quot;:6,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><h3>&#10134;Bite-sized learning notes</h3><p>Simple insights that help you understand patterns, expressions, and grammar without overwhelm.</p><p>For example: </p><div class="comment" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/&quot;,&quot;commentId&quot;:265426810,&quot;comment&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:265426810,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-26T19:00:01.533Z&quot;,&quot;edited_at&quot;:null,&quot;body&quot;:&quot;Grammar Nugget: Por vs. Para &#8212; The Traveler's Trick\n\nThis is one of the most confusing pairs in Spanish. But here's a simple way to think about it.\n\nPara = destination, deadline, purpose, recipient\n\nPor = cause, means, exchange, duration, location (movement through)\n\nThe Traveler's Trick:\n\nImagine you are going on a trip.\n\n&#9992;&#65039; PARA answers: Where are you going? For whom? By when?\n\n\n\n\n\nSalgo para Madrid. (I leave for Madrid &#8212; destination)\n\n\n\nEste regalo es para ti. (This gift is for you &#8212; recipient)\n\n\n\nNecesito el informe para el lunes. (I need the report by Monday &#8212; deadline)\n\n&#128694; POR answers: Why? Through where? How long? In exchange for what?\n\n\n\n\n\nLo hice por amor. (I did it for love &#8212; cause/reason)\n\n\n\nCamin&#233; por el parque. (I walked through the park &#8212; location/movement)\n\n\n\nEstudi&#233; por dos horas. (I studied for two hours &#8212; duration)\n\n\n\nTe doy 5&#8364; por el libro. (I'll give you 5&#8364; for the book &#8212; exchange)\n\nThe shortcut:\n\nIf you can replace \&quot;for\&quot; with \&quot;in order to\&quot; &#8594; PARA\n\nIf you can replace \&quot;for\&quot; with \&quot;because of\&quot; or \&quot;through\&quot; &#8594; POR\n\n&#8212;\n\nTo know more about Por and Para you can have a look to this post: https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/stop-mixing-up-por-and-para?r=5lphii&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web&quot;,&quot;body_json&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;doc&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;schemaVersion&quot;:&quot;v1&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null},&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Grammar Nugget: Por vs. Para &#8212; The Traveler's Trick&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;This is one of the most confusing pairs in Spanish. But here's a simple way to think about it.&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Para&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; = destination, deadline, purpose, recipient&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Por&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; = cause, means, exchange, duration, location (movement through)&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;The Traveler's Trick:&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Imagine you are going on a trip.&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#9992;&#65039; &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;PARA&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; answers: Where are you going? For whom? By when?&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bulletList&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Salgo para Madrid.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (I leave for Madrid &#8212; destination)&quot;}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Este regalo es para ti.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (This gift is for you &#8212; recipient)&quot;}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Necesito el informe para el lunes.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (I need the report by Monday &#8212; deadline)&quot;}]}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#128694; &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;POR&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; answers: Why? Through where? How long? In exchange for what?&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bulletList&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lo hice por amor.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (I did it for love &#8212; cause/reason)&quot;}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Camin&#233; por el parque.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (I walked through the park &#8212; location/movement)&quot;}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Estudi&#233; por dos horas.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (I studied for two hours &#8212; duration)&quot;}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;listItem&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;italic&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Te doy 5&#8364; por el libro.&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; (I'll give you 5&#8364; for the book &#8212; exchange)&quot;}]}]}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;The shortcut:&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;If you can replace \&quot;for\&quot; with \&quot;in order to\&quot; &#8594; &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;PARA&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;If you can replace \&quot;for\&quot; with \&quot;because of\&quot; or \&quot;through\&quot; &#8594; &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;POR&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#8212;&quot;}]},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;paragraph&quot;,&quot;content&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;To know more about &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Por and Para&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; you can have a look to this post: &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;marks&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/stop-mixing-up-por-and-para?r=5lphii&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;_blank&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:&quot;nofollow ugc noopener&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;note-link&quot;}},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bold&quot;}],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/stop-mixing-up-por-and-para?r=5lphii&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web&quot;}]}]},&quot;restacks&quot;:0,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:7,&quot;children_count&quot;:0,&quot;attachments&quot;:[],&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:338791914,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;user_bestseller_tier&quot;:100,&quot;userStatus&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:100,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bestseller&quot;,&quot;tier&quot;:100},&quot;paidPublicationIds&quot;:[],&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}},&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;forumChannel&quot;:null}" data-component-name="CommentPlaceholder"></div><h3>&#10134;Resources for learning Spanish</h3><p>Videos, podcasts, movies that will help you to improve and learn Spanish in a natural way.</p><p>For example: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;b34f81e3-deaa-4c77-9a25-da789cc4ad80&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Want to Go Further? From Zero to Fluent Conversations&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Best Podcasts to Learn Spanish&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-03T17:00:46.074Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1505740420928-5e560c06d30e?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw2fHxwb2RjYXN0c3xlbnwwfHx8fDE3Nzc4MDQwNzN8MA&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/best-podcasts-to-learn-spanish&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:196296791,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:16,&quot;comment_count&quot;:9,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><h3>&#10134;Tips for Improving Difficult Aspects of Spanish</h3><p>On pronunciation, false friends, misunderstandings, etc.</p><p>Example: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;f4ad86a2-6678-42a8-a5e3-ee0b68297f18&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Before we start, let me say something important:&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Master the Spanish Soft and Strong R&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-21T16:46:31.311Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8d4dfb84-eb21-4102-8b64-0214e7a5dbe4_1024x608.webp&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/master-the-spanish-soft-and-strong&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:191648340,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:14,&quot;comment_count&quot;:4,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><h3>&#10134;Learning strategies</h3><p>How to study smarter, use AI effectively, and make faster progress with less effort.</p><p>Example: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;c52bd6bf-20fa-438e-9644-bdd8a2cd7a16&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;In the late 19th century, an Italian economist named Vilfredo Pareto noticed that in Italy, 80% of the land was owned by 20% of the population. Intrigued by this, he began researching other countries and found similar patterns. This led him to the conclusion that, generally,&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The 80/20 Rule: How to Master Spanish 4X Faster (Without More Effort)&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-06-25T09:55:28.316Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f59f74ac-75aa-473e-b407-74a228519463_1200x900.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/the-8020-rule-how-to-master-spanish&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:166795858,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:40,&quot;comment_count&quot;:5,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><h3>And much much more&#8230;</h3><div><hr></div><h2>The full experience: go deeper</h2><p>If you want to go beyond the free content, there are two main paths inside Spanish Makes Sense:</p><div><hr></div><h2>1. <strong>El Curso 1</strong></h2><p>This is the structured foundation.</p><p>A guided learning experience that takes you from confusion to clarity by building Spanish step by step.</p><p>Inside, you&#8217;ll find:</p><ul><li><p>Clear progression from zero or beginner level</p></li><li><p>Structured lessons that connect grammar, vocabulary, and communication</p></li><li><p>Real comprehension-based learning</p></li><li><p>A system designed to help you <em>think in Spanish</em>, not translate everything</p></li></ul><p>If you&#8217;ve ever felt like you know &#8220;a bit of Spanish&#8221; but can&#8217;t really use it, this is where things start to click.</p><p>You can learn more about it here:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;2c31e174-c3b3-4466-9d5a-801a92ea9085&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;For a long time, I kept seeing the same pattern.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;El Curso 1 &#8212; Your Path To Fluency&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-15T08:51:15.458Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25feab14-43a8-4ba6-8ba8-4668677b2471_3600x2025.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/el-curso-1-your-path-to-fluency&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:181662297,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:14,&quot;comment_count&quot;:6,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. <strong>Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia</strong></h2><p>This is where Spanish meets storytelling.</p><p>A series about influential Spanish-speaking figures who shaped history, culture, and identity across the Spanish-speaking world.</p><p>But this isn&#8217;t just history.</p><p>It&#8217;s:</p><ul><li><p>Spanish input through real narratives</p></li><li><p>Cultural understanding through context</p></li><li><p>Vocabulary and grammar absorbed naturally through meaning</p></li></ul><p>You learn Spanish while learning about people who mattered.</p><p>Learn more about it here: </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;e93a7cef-019b-40c3-9e63-996a8536431b&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Whether you're a longtime reader of Spanish Makes Sense or simply someone interested in the Spanish language and its culture, welcome to this new premium section of our newsletter.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;These Stories Will Change the Way You Learn Spanish&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-14T23:12:06.007Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c15V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70f9df7c-032e-483d-ab21-dd80b28c47d8_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/these-stories-will-change-the-way&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197428207,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:4,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><h2>Why join the full experience?</h2><p>Free content will help you improve.</p><p>But structured content will transform the way you learn.</p><p>If your goal is:</p><ul><li><p>To finally feel confident with Spanish</p></li><li><p>To stop translating in your head</p></li><li><p>To understand real Spanish, not textbook Spanish</p></li><li><p>To actually use the language in real situations</p></li></ul><p>Then the full experience of Spanish Makes Sense is built for you.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Final note</h2><p>You don&#8217;t need more motivation.</p><p>You don&#8217;t need more grammar rules.</p><p>You need <strong>clarity, structure, and input that actually makes sense</strong>.</p><p>That&#8217;s what I build here.</p><p>Welcome to <strong>Spanish Makes Sense</strong>.</p><p>I&#8217;m glad you&#8217;re here.</p><p>&#8212; Leo</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[🎬 12 Latin American gems for intermediate learners (B1–C2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[From Mexico to Argentina: 12 films and series to learn Spanish.]]></description><link>https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/12-latin-american-gems-for-intermediate</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/12-latin-american-gems-for-intermediate</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Spanish Makes Sense]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 22:26:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.unsplash.com%2Fphoto-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf%3Fcrop%3Dentropy%26amp%3Bcs%3Dtinysrgb%26amp%3Bfit%3Dmax%26amp%3Bfm%3Djpg%26amp%3Bixid%3DM3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww%26amp%3Bixlib%3Drb-4.1.0%26amp%3Bq%3D80%26amp%3Bw%3D1080" width="4998" height="3456" 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srcset="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 424w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 848w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1272w, https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1543536448-1e76fc2795bf?crop=entropy&amp;cs=tinysrgb&amp;fit=max&amp;fm=jpg&amp;ixid=M3wzMDAzMzh8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHw1Nnx8bW92aWVzfGVufDB8fHx8MTc3OTY1OTQwN3ww&amp;ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=80&amp;w=1080 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo by <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com%2F%40dmjdenise">Denise Jans</a> on <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Funsplash.com">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>When I published my list of <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fp%2F12-spanish-gems-every-intermediate">12 hidden gems from Spain</a> &#8212; films and TV series worth watching &#8212; one of my subscribers told me:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><div class="image-link image2" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%215tiE%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png" width="464" height="131" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:131,&quot;width&quot;:464,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:13712,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/i/199117565?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a92c5e6-153c-4742-9c94-58d2c58e5b7e_506x131.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5tiE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9aa09731-5dd3-4696-af72-8025104929bd_464x131.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></div></figure></div><p>Today, I&#8217;m answering that request by bringing you <strong>12 gems from Latin America</strong> that are absolutely worth watching.</p><p>Before we get into the list, in case you didn&#8217;t know, I&#8217;ve created a new series for paid subscribers. In it, I&#8217;ll be sending you stories about fascinating figures from the Spanish-speaking world. And not only that &#8212; each story also comes with exercises to help you improve your Spanish along the way.</p><p>If you&#8217;d like to see what it&#8217;s like, I invite you to check out the first installment, dedicated to Gabriel Garc&#237;a M&#225;rquez, which is available with full access:</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;bfd89192-2aaf-4f28-b1ab-9c9bfa7e7a9b&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Welcome to the very first edition of Hispanohablantes que hicieron historia &#8212; a new premium series inside Spanish Makes Sense designed to help you learn Spanish naturally through stories and culture.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;1. Gabriel Garc&#237;a Marquez: From a Small Colombian Town to the Whole World&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:338791914,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Spanish Makes Sense&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sharing the best ideas and tools to learn Spanish&#128171;&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/71588b2e-1394-42a8-9aa7-f47e9346d1b2_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-18T23:40:08.384Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07XP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d7c632b-cccc-44c9-b79c-cc88d8849869_1344x890.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/p/1-gabriel-garcia-marquez-from-a-small&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:197930220,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:14,&quot;comment_count&quot;:7,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4909744,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Spanish Hub&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rHK0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e45ff9-0fe9-4019-9cc5-106e97f8bd9d_332x332.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>Without further ado, let&#8217;s get down to business!</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#127916; Latin American Movies</strong></h2><h3><strong>1. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt6155172%2F">Roma (Mexico)</a> &#8211; Drama / Art</strong></h3><p>Mexico City, 1971. Cleo, an indigenous domestic worker, cares for a middle-class family while her own world falls apart. It&#8217;s black and white. It&#8217;s slow. It&#8217;s poetic. And in the end, it breaks your heart without you realizing it. Dialect: Central Mexican (neutral, clear).</p><h3><strong>2. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt1305806%2F%3Fref_%3Dnv_sr_srsg_dm_0_tt_8_nm_0_in_0_q_El%2520secreto%2520de%2520sus%2520ojos%2520%28Argentina%29">El secreto de sus ojos (Argentina)</a> &#8211; Suspense / Legal drama</strong></h3><p>A retired man decides to write a novel about an unsolved case that obsessed him his entire life: a murder that justice never closed. Won an Oscar. Dialect: Rioplatense (lots of &#8220;voseo&#8221; and &#8220;che&#8221;!).</p><h3><strong>3. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMonos_%28film%29">Monos (Colombia)</a> &#8211; War thriller / Survival</strong></h3><p>Eight armed teenagers guard a hostage and a cow on top of a mountain. Then everything goes wrong. It&#8217;s <em>Lord of the Flies</em> but with jungle, drugs, and paramilitaries. Visually brutal. Dialect: Colombian (varied, youth slang).</p><h3><strong>4. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt4323594%2F">I&#8217;m No Longer Here (Ya no estoy aqu&#237;) (Mexico)</a> &#8211; Urban drama</strong></h3><p>Ulises is the leader of a <em>Kolombias</em> gang (a youth subculture in Monterrey). When a drug lord hunts him down, he flees to New York and discovers that being Mexican there means something completely different. Dialect: Northern Mexican (heavy slang, B2+).</p><h3><strong>5. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt10384744%2F">Heroic Losers (La odisea de los giles) (Argentina)</a> &#8211; Comedy drama</strong></h3><p>A group of neighbors in a rural town discover that their life savings (kept inside a water tank) have been stolen by a corrupt businessman. They decide to get it back&#8230; clumsily, adorably, and very Argentine. Dialect: Rural Rioplatense (great for understanding humor).</p><h3><strong>6. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0428532%2F">La fiesta del Chivo (Dominican Republic/Spain)</a> &#8211; Political drama / Historical thriller</strong></h3><p>Based on Mario Vargas Llosa&#8217;s masterpiece. A lawyer returns to the Dominican Republic after decades in exile, just as the brutal 30-year dictatorship of Rafael Le&#243;nidas Trujillo (&#8221;El Chivo&#8221;) begins to crumble. Through flashbacks, we witness the conspiracy to assassinate him and the moral rot of power. Slow-burning, heavy, and full of sharp political dialogue. Dialect: Dominican and neutral Latin American Spanish.</p><h3><strong>7. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt8413192%2F">The Projectionist (El proyeccionista) (Dominican Republic</a>) &#8211; Intimate drama</strong></h3><p>A man working in a crumbling cinema is trapped between his memories and his routine. When the owner announces the closure, he decides to project his own movie: his life. Slow, beautiful, perfect for hearing the Dominican accent without rush.</p><h3><strong>8. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt4057438%2F">The Death of Jaime Rold&#243;s (Ecuador / Documentary)</a> Political mystery</strong></h3><p>A two-part documentary about the Ecuadorian president who died in a plane &#8220;accident&#8221; in 1981. Real interviews, archive footage, and political suspense that feels like <em>Spotlight</em> but in the Andes. Dialect: Ecuadorian </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanismakessense.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128250; Latin American series</strong></h2><h3><strong>9. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt8387348%2F">La casa de las flores (Mexico)</a> &#8211; Black comedy / Dramedy</strong></h3><p>A wealthy family that owns a perfect flower shop&#8230; until the patriarch&#8217;s secret lover commits suicide inside the business. Secrets, funerals, and a gossipy neighbor ensue. Dialect: Urban Mexican (playful, exaggerated, very clear).</p><h3><strong>10. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt2488050%2F">El reemplazante (Chile)</a> &#8211; Social drama / Education</strong></h3><p>A former financial executive loses everything and ends up teaching math in a troubled public high school in a poor neighborhood of Santiago. Real students, real problems, and no easy answers. Heartbreaking and hopeful. Dialect: Chilean</p><h3><strong>11. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt10135238%2F">Sres. Papis (Peru)</a> &#8211; Comedy / Family</strong></h3><p>Four very different fathers navigate parenting, friendship, and midlife crises in modern Lima. Think <em>Fatherhood</em> meets <em>Friends</em> but with Peruvian humor, ceviche, and traffic jokes. Dialect: Peruvian </p><h3><strong>12. <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftt15444212%2F%3Fref_%3Dnv_sr_srsg_dm_0_tt_8_nm_0_in_0_q_D%25C3%25ADas%2520de%2520gallos%2520%28Argentina%29">D&#237;as de gallos (Argentina)</a> &#8211; Music drama / Youth</strong></h3><p>A young freestyle rapper from a poor neighborhood on the outskirts of Buenos Aires dreams of competing in the big leagues of hip-hop. Dialect: Rioplatense </p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>If you&#8217;re a beginner (A1&#8211;A2) or want more options</strong></h2><p>If the series and films listed here are a bit too advanced for you, you might want to take a look at this article, where I&#8217;ve included some that you can watch even if you&#8217;re a complete beginner:</p><p><strong><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fspanishmakessense.com%2Fbest-series-to-learn-spanish-ordered-by-level-of-proficiency%2F">The best guide to learning Spanish by watching series</a></strong></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128483;&#65039; Now it&#8217;s your turn &#8211; Help other learners too</strong></h2><p>I know I didn&#8217;t include every great Latin American movie or series out there (Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Bolivia, Venezuela, Paraguay &#8211; I owe you one).</p><p>So tell me in the comments:</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s one Latin American movie or series you&#8217;ve watched and loved as a learner?</strong><br><em>(It can be from any country &#8211; I want to learn from you)</em></p><p>Let&#8217;s build the ultimate Latin American Spanish learning watchlist &#8211; together.</p><p>&#128071;&#128071;&#128071;</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>&#128204; Pin This / Save This / Share This</strong><br>Because next time a friend asks for Spanish recommendations, you&#8217;ll have the perfect post to send them.</p><div><hr></div><p>Hasta pronto, </p><p>Leo</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://spanismakessense.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">The Spanish Hub is a reader-supported publication. 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