<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></title><description><![CDATA[With decades of experience in product engineering and business leadership, I’m passionate about sharing insights and lessons learned. Through this Substack, I make my expertise accessible to all interested readers.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODrM!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9ad834-cd42-4514-be77-d7000ee0109b_2048x2048.png</url><title>Uwe Mierisch</title><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 21:53:06 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Ffeed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[uwemierisch@gmail.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[uwemierisch@gmail.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[uwemierisch@gmail.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[uwemierisch@gmail.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Organizational Structure for Software-Defined Products. Why Part Ownership No Longer Works.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Agile, the Chinese way, or systems engineering? And what follows from it.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/organizational-structure-for-engineering</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/organizational-structure-for-engineering</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2026 08:02:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21PdSE%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21PdSE%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21PdSE%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2421510,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/i/222253084?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PdSE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e293200-e219-4567-ab01-67e42bb983c1_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>No topic stirs up the people in a company as much as the organizational structure.</p><p>Not the strategy, and not the product, although both are emotional topics too.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>A company can somehow get by with a missing strategy and bad product decisions. An unclear organizational structure brings it to a standstill.</p></div><p>The reason is that the organizational structure determines who is allowed to decide what, and who is responsible for what.</p><p>And, most importantly: who decides the fate of which employee.</p><p>If the structure is poorly chosen, the efficiency of the company suffers.</p><p>Anyone who wants to become more efficient and more effective with the NewPDP cannot avoid the question of organization.</p><p>Hundreds of researchers and executives have worked on this topic. Still, there is no single, finished, correct solution.</p><p>On the contrary. Right now I see completely opposing approaches, all of them recommended as best practice. And for each of them there are companies that apply it successfully.</p><p>That is why I draw on my own professional experience to sort things out.</p><p>Today I&#8217;ll limit myself to the engineering organization so the article doesn&#8217;t get too complicated. If you want to think about the other functions as well, tell me in the comments.</p><h1>An Organizational Structure Fit for the Future</h1><p>As a starting point for developing such a concept, it helps to look at how the organization has worked so far, and at what examples of other approaches exist.</p><p>Let&#8217;s start with where we are today.</p><h2>Every Problem Starts With a Part</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Classic Western vehicle development builds its organization around the hardware.</p></div><p>You&#8217;re responsible for a part? Then you&#8217;re the <strong>part owner</strong>.</p><p>You&#8217;re responsible for how several parts and components work together? Then you&#8217;re a <strong>team leader, department head, or division head.</strong></p><p>The number of these aggregation levels determines the depth of the hierarchy.</p><p>Above it all sits the head of engineering. He is responsible for the entire product portfolio.</p><p>Fortunately, hardware and expertise usually fit together well.</p><p>The people responsible for the cab body in white know sheet metal forming.</p><p>The people responsible for the interior are plastics experts.</p><p>That&#8217;s why the structure found in engineering organizations today generally has the features of a functional organization.</p><p>Where cross-cutting expertise exists, additional units are created.</p><p>This organizational form follows one simple principle:</p><blockquote><p>Every problem can be traced back to a hardware part. The owner of this part is responsible.</p></blockquote><p>The owner of the failed part coordinates the fix with everyone who might be involved and is accountable for getting the vehicle running again.</p><p>A clever concept, really. Every conceivable problem has an owner.</p><p>The price is conflict.</p><p>When the cause isn&#8217;t obvious, finding out which part is actually defective can take an enormous amount of time and effort.</p><p>Structure shapes culture.</p><p>Here it&#8217;s a culture of defense.<br>The first reaction is almost always: It&#8217;s not my part, it&#8217;s someone else&#8217;s. Before I take responsibility, you&#8217;ll have to prove that my parts are the cause of the problem.</p><p>On top of that, every innovation needs a finished technical concept before anyone can be made responsible for developing it.</p><p>That makes this organizational form extremly management-intensive and inefficient. That alone would be reason enough to look for another alternative.</p><p>Still, it has worked so far.</p><p>Until electronics arrived.</p><p>At first, you could still find a control unit that the software ran on and that could carry the responsibility.</p><p>With the software-defined vehicle, that principle collapses.</p><p>Who owns the problem when all the software runs on a single central computer? And when it isn&#8217;t even clear whether the cause is mechanical, hydraulic, in a sensor, or in the software?</p><p>The old principle is no longer fit for the future.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>We need an organization that works for hardware and software. That gets to the point fast. And that doesn&#8217;t just fix problems in the existing product, but drives innovation too.</p></div><p>Three schools of thought are currently being discussed. Let&#8217;s look at them.</p><h1>The Agile Organization</h1><div class="pullquote"><p>In the agile organization, the <strong>value stream principle</strong> applies.</p></div><p>Three roles carry concrete responsibility here.</p><p>Product managers and product owners are responsible for the goals. They have no line authority over people.</p><p>Self-organizing teams are responsible for the path to the goal. <strong>Collective responsibility</strong> applies here. The team wins together and loses together. There is no single person in charge until the team has reached agreement. Decisions are not made by one person, but facilitated toward consensus by a Scrum Master.</p><p>People managers carry personnel responsibility. I&#8217;ve often seen them provide and manage not only the human resources but other shared resources as well. They carry no responsibility for the content of the work.</p><p>Separating the goal from the path is pure mission command in Moltke&#8217;s sense. The product owner decides the what and the why. The team decides the how.</p><p>That&#8217;s a great strength.</p><p>The greatest weakness lies in separating responsibility for the work from responsibility for the people. Whoever decides on an employee&#8217;s development is not responsible for what that employee delivers.</p><p>I won&#8217;t go into further pros and cons here. If you&#8217;d like me to, say so in the comments. Then I&#8217;ll give the topic its own article.</p><h2>The Chinese Way</h2><p>The big consulting firms have studied the success of the Chinese automotive industry intensively. On organization, they offer a clear explanation.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The companies are organized <strong>centrally</strong>. Decisions are made at the center, fast and pragmatically.</p></div><p>Resources and people are assigned to managers in the classic way. The managers make decisions and enforce them with strict discipline.</p><p>Collective responsibility plays a minor role. If a goal is missed, the employee involved feels the consequences directly and personally.</p><p>In my observation, Chinese companies achieve something remarkable. They combine Prussian obedience with flexibility.</p><p>I see Clausewitz&#8217;s understanding of strategy at work here. The managers are closely involved in day-to-day business and make strategic and tactical decisions on the spot.</p><p>The greatest weakness is dependence on the boss.</p><p>The organization is only as good as the people deciding at the center.</p><p>Ideas from below have a hard time. And anyone who feels the consequences of every missed goal immediately would rather report problems late than early.</p><p>The greatest strength is speed. Every decision has a clear decision-maker, and that person is close to the action. The result is fast decisions and customer-oriented products.</p><h2>Systems Engineering</h2><p>Systems engineering is not recognized as an organizational form. Still, it contains structures that will sooner or later find their way into the organization.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Systems engineering breaks the product down into <strong>architecture, systems, features, and functions</strong>. Each of these elements needs someone who takes concrete responsibility for it.</p></div><p>So we have a structure and responsible people. In effect, that is an organizational structure.</p><p>Anyone who reads the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook will find most chapters dealing with exactly these structures.</p><p>And systems engineering has already solved a problem on which the hardware-centric organization fails.</p><p>A system includes hardware and software.</p><p>Well, at least in theory.</p><p>In practice, software developers often refuse to take responsibility for mechanical work, and for mechanical engineers systems engineering is all Greek.</p><p>But that can and must change. It isn&#8217;t a flaw in the methods, it&#8217;s poor implementation.</p><p>The holistic view of hardware and software in light of customer value is the greatest strength.</p><p>The greatest weakness: responsibility for people and resources doesn&#8217;t appear in systems engineering.</p><p>How resources are managed and people are led is a question systems engineering leaves open.</p><p>I suspect that&#8217;s exactly why it isn&#8217;t a recognized organizational form.</p><h1>What an Organization Fit for the Future Must Deliver</h1><p>Put the four approaches side by side, and each has something the others lack.</p><ul><li><p>The hardware-centric organization combines functional responsibility with the product structure.</p></li><li><p>The agile organization separates the what from the how.</p></li><li><p>The Chinese way decides fast and executes with discipline.</p></li><li><p>Systems engineering has a product structure that looks at hardware and software as a whole.</p></li></ul><p>Let&#8217;s look at the properties an organization fit for the future should have.</p><p><strong>Fast</strong> means: every decision is made the moment it&#8217;s needed. Short-cycle planning of which decision is needed when, and from whom exist.</p><p><strong>Efficient</strong> means: responsibilities and resources are in place and transparent to everyone. Nobody wastes energy searching for the person in charge or justifying resource needs.</p><p><strong>Customer-centric</strong> means: the organization is open. Customers and suppliers are part of the organizational structure. The value stream doesn&#8217;t stop at the company&#8217;s boundary.</p><p><strong>Fair to employees</strong> means: everyone has a boss they can trust. They get support when they need it. And whoever judges an employee knows their work.</p><h1>The System-Centric Organization</h1><p>Every known organizational form has advantages and disadvantages.</p><p>My proposal tries to combine the essential advantages and soften the disadvantages as much as possible. To do that, I borrow something from every approach.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The leading dimension is no longer the part, but customer value.</p></div><p>Systems engineering is the only framework that covers hardware and software together. So I adopt its structures.</p><p>In this article, by <strong>feature</strong> I mean a benefit the customer receives. This clarification matters, because the term feature is currently used with different meanings in different contexts.</p><p>The feature is the value. Systems and functions are where that value materializes.</p><p>At the same time, I want to take the insights of Clausewitz and Moltke into account. They reflect reality, and as shown above, the known organizational forms already use them in part.</p><p>The feature describes the what and the why. It&#8217;s the strategic level.</p><p>The system and the function describe the how. They are the tactical elements of execution.</p><p>So responsibility is shared. That&#8217;s why each part gets its own organizational unit.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21T9-i%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21T9-i%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg" width="1456" height="555" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T9-i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b71a470-d865-4c63-8750-ba373118ba22_2150x820.svg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>The Head of Engineering as Commander</h2><p>Yes, that sounds odd. And many will shake their heads.</p><p>But that is exactly the role. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>The head of engineering is responsible for the product as a whole, in every aspect it has. He is responsible for the result, the value, and the resources. And he makes binding decisions.</p></div><blockquote><p>As a member of the executive board, he is the owners&#8217; trustee.</p></blockquote><p>That makes him responsible for carrying the purpose of the organization into engineering.</p><blockquote><p>And as the owners&#8217; trustee, he also provides the resources.</p></blockquote><p>Below the head of engineering, four kinds of units stand side by side, as equals.</p><h2>1. The Chief Architect</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>The chief architect owns all features. He decides which value is to be created and in what order. In doing so, he defines and prioritizes the value stream.</p></div><blockquote><p>He breaks every feature down into requirements and addresses them to the systems.</p></blockquote><p>To do that, he has to develop a product architecture and make it stick, and he has to understand the customer&#8217;s perspective and build it into the product.</p><p>This is the bill of materials of the new world.</p><p>Here, every problem and every product innovation is assigned an owner.</p><p>The boundaries between systems are the weak spot when it comes to assigning responsibility. So the systems must be defined large and comprehensive enough that few interfaces arise.</p><p>Clarifying those interfaces is the chief architect&#8217;s job.</p><p>His work is mostly strategic.</p><p>Since no single person can be everywhere or work everything out alone. The chief architect has his own team.</p><p>One thing he doesn&#8217;t have is authority over the systems.</p><p>He tells the system owners what their system must achieve and why. How they get there is their decision.</p><h2>2. The System Owner</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>What the head of engineering is for the entire product portfolio, the system owner is for his system. He carries overall responsibility.</p></div><blockquote><p>From the chief architect he receives the functional requirements his system must meet. From the head of engineering he receives the resources to do it.</p></blockquote><p>In his system, mechanics, electronics, and software work together.</p><p>A head of engineering can only lead a limited number of system owners.<br>So there can only be a few systems at the top level. The organization forces the architecture into a clear, coarse cut.<br>That helps with the problem described above: open responsibility at the interfaces between systems.</p><h2>3. The Shared Resources Owner</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Some things are needed by all organizational units. Test benches, prototypes, test vehicles, work shops. But also methods and standard processes. These cross-cutting topics have their home with the shared resources owner.</p></div><p>He is responsible for providing them. He has no product-related goals.</p><p>And he is the driver of continuous improvement. He makes sure that methods and processes don&#8217;t stand still but get better with every project.</p><blockquote><p>His success is measured by whether the rest of the organization get what they need, when they need it. And by whether nobody has to fight over a shared resource.</p></blockquote><h2>4. Project Management</h2><p>So far I&#8217;ve described the organizational structure. Who is responsible for what in the product.</p><p>In day-to-day business, that isn&#8217;t enough. There are projects: a new vehicle, a model year, a variant for a new market.<br>Every project needs contributions from almost all organizational units. And someone has to make sure they come together at the right time.</p><p>So there&#8217;s no getting out of the matrix.</p><p>How to run it is described in <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fmastering-the-matrix">Mastering the Matrix</a>. The principle applies here unchanged:</p><blockquote><p><em>The project organization steers. The systems deliver.</em></p></blockquote><p>All project managers are pooled in one unit that reports directly to the head of engineering. As equals alongside the chief architect, the systems head, and shared resources head.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The project manager is responsible for achieving the project goals of time, cost and quality. When it comes to these goals, he works out the What and the Why for the entire process.</p></div><p>He manages both in the deployment and in the execution.</p><p>I&#8217;ve already described the roles in the project organization in several articles: the project manager, the project management master, chief engineer and product architect, the representatives of the system areas, and the project management team as a whole.</p><p>So I won&#8217;t go into detail here. You&#8217;ll find the articles in my newsletter archive, feel free to take a look.</p><p>Each of the four units below the head of engineering has a clear responsibility:</p><ul><li><p>The <strong>chief architect</strong> is responsible for the architecture and the features.</p></li><li><p>The <strong>project manager</strong> is responsible for achieving the project goals.</p></li><li><p>The <strong>system owner</strong> is responsible for implementing both in his system.</p></li><li><p>The <strong>shared resources owner</strong> provides the cross-cutting topics. Cross-cutting topics are resources as well as processes. That makes him the driver for continuously improving both, entirely in the spirit of Learning Standard Routines.</p></li></ul><h2>One Level Down: The Same Pattern</h2><blockquote><p>Inside the system, the pattern repeats.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>The <strong>system architect</strong> defines the architecture of his system and is responsible for the functions within it.</p></div><p>Depending on the system&#8217;s complexity, he divides it into subsystems and defines the interfaces.</p><p>He has no feature responsibility. That exists only once, with the chief architect.</p><p>He does, however, carry function responsibilities.</p><p>The real work happens in the <strong>subsystem teams</strong>. This is where components are built and functions are developed.</p><p>What the system owner has decided as his <strong>How</strong> becomes the <strong>What</strong> and <strong>Why</strong> for the subsystems.</p><blockquote><p>So the value flows from top to bottom without detours.</p></blockquote><p>From the purpose, through the features and the systems, down to the teams who build it.</p><h2>Rank Is Not Measured by Headcount</h2><p>In many companies, an executive&#8217;s rank is measured by how many people report to them. The more people, the more important the boss.</p><p>In this structure, that doesn&#8217;t work.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>It thrives on ownership and initiative.</p></div><p>The teams decide the How themselves. So few consolidation levels are needed. </p><p>Every extra level that only collects reports and passes them on makes the organization slower, not better.</p><p>At the same time, every boss needs enough people directly talking to him, who have no staff of their own.</p><p>The reason is this:</p><p>In this organization, a boss is manager and strategist at once.<br>He has to do real work himself.<br>He must not delegate his share of the work to the units below him, who need this input. If he did, he would break the cascade.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Whoever is supposed to set the <strong>What </strong>cannot have it worked out by those who deliver the <strong>How</strong>.</p></div><p>That&#8217;s why he needs his own people.</p><p>This reverses current practice. Staff positions are often abolished today because they are seen as a privilege.</p><p>They&#8217;re not a privilege. They&#8217;re a necessary resource.</p><p>Moltke would not have fought a single campaign without his general staff.</p><h1>What Does This Mean for Employees?</h1><div class="pullquote"><p>Every employee belongs to exactly one unit: a subsystem team, the architecture team, project management, or shared resources.</p></div><p>Their boss is responsible for what that unit delivers. So he sees the work he judges.</p><p>The team wins together or loses together. But it knows exactly what for: for its system. The system is the tactical element that leads toward the purpose of the company.</p><blockquote><p>Every employee has a concrete scope of responsibility. But it is no longer tied to a part. It&#8217;s tied to a concrete contribution of value.</p></blockquote><p>That takes getting used to.</p><p>It&#8217;s not broken or missing hardware that everyone can see, but a virtual value. Software development proves that it works. So we mechanical engineers have to get over ourselves. In return, we become a real team with a common goal.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>One final remark. </p><p>Since every manager here has many direct reports, self-reliance is an absolute must. There is no more room for showing off. </p><p>Contact is limited to what the business requires. </p><p>In turn, this means that people who solve their own problems must be rated higher than those who take every problem to their boss. </p><p>This, too, is a difficult transformation, but an unavoidable one.</p></div><h2>And the Rest of the Company?</h2><p>This organizational form has far-reaching consequences for the rest of the company. For sales, production, purchasing.</p><p>And the collaboration with suppliers deserves a closer look as well.</p><p>But I&#8217;ll stop here for today. I think that was already a lot to think about and digest.</p><p>I&#8217;ll pick up the thread in later articles.</p><p>If you don&#8217;t want to wait, tell me in the comments, and I&#8217;ll reprioritize my articles. Or we can simply chat about it.</p><h1>What Do We Take Away Today?</h1><ul><li><p>The organizational structure determines who decides about whom. That&#8217;s why it&#8217;s the most emotional topic in any company.</p></li><li><p>The hardware-centric organization worked because every problem was related to a hardware responsibility. With software, that no longer works.</p></li><li><p>Agile separates the what from the how. The Chinese way decides fast. Systems engineering has a structure for hardware and software. None of these approaches is complete on its own.</p></li><li><p>The system-centric organization combines them: the chief architect owns the features and thus the what. The system owners own their systems and thus the how. The head of engineering is responsible for the whole.</p></li><li><p>The how of one level is the what of the next.</p></li><li><p>There&#8217;s no getting out of the matrix. A lean project management unit under the head of engineering steers, the systems deliver.</p></li><li><p>Staff positions are not a privilege. They&#8217;re what allows a boss to do his own job.</p></li><li><p>Fair to employees means: a boss who sees the work he judges.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p>And now I&#8217;m curious.</p><p>How is your engineering organized today? And who owns a problem in your company that involves both hardware and software?</p><p>Feel free to write it in the comments on Substack. I read every single one and I reply.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/organizational-structure-for-engineering/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Forganizational-structure-for-engineering%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>And if you&#8217;re facing this transformation and don&#8217;t want to start alone, write to me about that too.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p>In the coming weeks I&#8217;ll move on to the next prerequisite of the NewPDP: architecture.</p><p>If you want to follow the whole story, the best way is to subscribe to the newsletter or the podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Found this useful? Please share it with someone who&#8217;s dealing with the same problem.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/organizational-structure-for-engineering?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Forganizational-structure-for-engineering%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>If you think a colleague would get value out of this, recommend the newsletter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Clausewitz und Moltke haben unser Führungsproblem gelöst. Wir haben es nur nicht gelernt.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Leadership: Klare Richtung, ein Team.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/clausewitz-und-moltke-haben-unser</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/clausewitz-und-moltke-haben-unser</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2026 08:01:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F221044548%2F1d4a0d47835a2c179e34cf2417cc8aa6.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nach dem Studium wollte ich gar keine F&#252;hrungskraft werden. Es ging mir nicht um Ruhm oder viel Geld.</p><p>Ich wollte einfach nur geile Autos und Motorr&#228;der bauen.</p><p>Das war der ganze Plan. Konstruieren, rechnen, ausprobieren, verbessern. </p><p>F&#252;hrung war etwas f&#252;r andere. Etwas f&#252;r die, die in Besprechungen sitzen und wichtig erscheinen wollen.</p><p>Dann habe ich etwas erlebt, das meine Sicht ver&#228;ndert hat. Ich erinnere mich noch sehr genau daran.</p><p>Unser Produkt war in die Jahre gekommen. Es gab eine Diskussion, ob man die Produktion nicht einfach einstellen sollte. Es verkaufte sich ja ohnehin nicht mehr.</p><p>Da sagte unser damaliger Chef:</p><p>&#8222;Baut mal schnell einen Prototypen mit dem neuesten Motor.&#8220;</p><p>Alle sagten: &#8222;Der passt doch gar nicht rein. Au&#223;erdem ist er viel zu teuer. So etwas zu entwickeln ist viel zu aufwendig, das dauert Jahre.&#8220;</p><p>Er sagte: &#8222;Jetzt schwei&#223;t so ein Auto einfach mal um, h&#228;ngt den Motor rein und bringt ihn zum Laufen. Macht euch sonst keine weiteren Gedanken.&#8220;</p><p><em>Macht euch sonst keine weiteren Gedanken.</em></p><p>Alle wunderten sich. Aber sie taten es.</p><p>Nach nur einigen Monaten lief das Fahrzeug.</p><p>Am Rande der IAA organisierte der Chef eine Vorf&#252;hrung auf dem Contidrom bei Hannover, der Versuchsstrecke von Continental. Eingeladen waren nur wenige, aber einflussreiche Journalisten und Kunden. Sie durften das Auto selbst fahren.</p><p>Das Feedback war &#252;berragend:</p><p><em>&#8222;Das Auto m&#252;sst ihr unbedingt bauen. Das wollen wir haben!&#8220;</em></p><p>Auf einmal war das Einstellen der Produktion &#252;berhaupt kein Thema mehr. Es ging nur noch darum, wie das Projekt zu stemmen sein w&#252;rde.</p><p>Das hat mich schwer beeindruckt. Von dem Tag an war mir klar: So etwas will ich auch machen.</p><p>Meine alte Sicht auf die Dinge war naiv.</p><p>Ein gutes Fahrzeug baut niemand allein. Es entsteht aus Tausenden von Entscheidungen, die Hunderte von Menschen treffen. Ob am Ende ein richtig gutes Fahrzeug dabei herauskommt, h&#228;ngt weniger davon ab, wie gut jede einzelne Entscheidung ist.</p><p>Es h&#228;ngt davon ab, ob alle in dieselbe Richtung zeigen.</p><p>Und daf&#252;r sorgt F&#252;hrung.</p><p>War das, was mein Chef damals gemacht hat, F&#252;hrung? Management? Strategie?</p><p>Das schauen wir uns im Folgenden genauer an.</p><p>Auf jeden Fall ist es das, was wir f&#252;r die Zukunft wieder lernen m&#252;ssen.</p><p>Vorher m&#252;ssen wir aber kl&#228;ren, was F&#252;hrung eigentlich hei&#223;t. Denn sie wird sehr leicht mit Management verwechselt.</p><h1>F&#252;hrung ist nicht Management</h1><p>John P. Kotter von der Harvard Business School hat diese beiden Begriffe schon 1990 auseinandergenommen.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Management</strong> bew&#228;ltigt Komplexit&#228;t. Es plant, budgetiert, organisiert und kontrolliert. Es sorgt daf&#252;r, dass ein gro&#223;es System verl&#228;sslich l&#228;uft.</p><p><strong>F&#252;hrung</strong> bew&#228;ltigt Ver&#228;nderung. Sie setzt eine Richtung, richtet die Menschen darauf aus und bringt sie in Bewegung.</p></div><p>Beides wird gebraucht. Aber es ist nicht dasselbe.</p><p>Kotters Diagnose war damals eindeutig: </p><p>Die meisten Unternehmen seien <em>overmanaged and underled</em>. &#220;berverwaltet und unterf&#252;hrt.</p><p>Daran hat sich wenig ge&#228;ndert.</p><p>Auf dem Organigramm sehen Management und F&#252;hrung bis heute gleich aus. Dieselbe Box, derselbe Titel: F&#252;hrungskraft.</p><p>Und im Kalender gewinnt fast immer das Management. Berichte, Budgets, Abstimmungen. F&#252;r F&#252;hrung bleibt wenig Zeit.</p><p><em>Viele Unternehmen sind gut verwaltet. Aber schlecht gef&#252;hrt.</em></p><p>F&#252;r das NewPDP ist das keine Randfrage. Ein Entwicklungsmodell, das mehr leisten soll, ohne mehr zu brauchen, steht und f&#228;llt mit der F&#252;hrung. Deshalb ist Leadership einer seiner drei Enabler.</p><p>Ich muss also genauer sagen, was F&#252;hrung im NewPDP hei&#223;t. Und wer sie macht.</p><div><hr></div><p>Geholfen haben mir dabei ausgerechnet zwei preu&#223;ische Gener&#228;le.</p><p>Seit einiger Zeit besch&#228;ftigt mich Carl von Clausewitz. Und bei Helmuth von Moltke dem &#196;lteren habe ich auch abgeschaut.</p><p>Beide haben sich mit der Frage herumgeschlagen, die hinter jeder F&#252;hrungsdebatte steckt.</p><p><strong>Wer entscheidet was?</strong></p><p>Im &#220;berblicksartikel zum NewPDP habe ich geschrieben: F&#252;hrung hei&#223;t mitarbeiten. Wer nur entscheidet, f&#252;hrt nicht. Die Frage, wer was entscheidet, habe ich dort bewusst offen gelassen.</p><p>Heute l&#246;se ich sie auf.</p><h1>Nicht zwei Ebenen, sondern drei</h1><p>&#220;blicherweise denken wir in zwei Kategorien:</p><p><strong>Sachbearbeiter:</strong> Diejenigen die arbeiten, die etwas erschaffen.<br><strong>F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte:</strong> Diejenigen die anderen sagen, was zu tun ist und beurteilen, wie gut sie es gemacht haben.</p><p>Genau daran ist Preu&#223;en 1806 bei Jena und Auerstedt gegen Napoleon gescheitert. Soldaten, die k&#228;mpfen, und Offiziere, die Befehle geben, reichten nicht, um einen Krieg zu gewinnen.</p><p>Clausewitz war damals dabei. Er geriet in Gefangenschaft und geh&#246;rte danach zu den Reformern, die die preu&#223;ische Armee neu aufgestellt haben.</p><p>Vor demselben Ver&#228;nderungsbedarf stehen wir heute. Deshalb lohnt es sich, seine Erkenntnisse ernst zu nehmen. </p><p>Dazu geh&#246;rt vor allem das Verst&#228;ndnis von drei Begriffen: Taktik, Strategie und Zweck.</p><p>Er definiert:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Die Taktik ist die Lehre vom Gebrauch der Streitkr&#228;fte im Gefecht, die Strategie die Lehre vom Gebrauch des Gefechtes zum Zweck des Krieges.</em></p></div><p>Da stecken drei Dinge drin.</p><p>Das Gefecht. Der Einsatz der Gefechte. Und der Zweck.</p><p>Den Zweck setzt bei Clausewitz nicht der Feldherr. Den setzt die Politik. Daher stammt sein bekanntester Satz: </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Der Krieg ist eine blo&#223;e Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln. </p></div><p>Also gibt es den Zweck nicht nur im Krieg, sondern er ist auch da, wenn es keinen Krieg gibt.</p><p>&#220;bersetzt in ein Unternehmen hei&#223;t das:</p><ul><li><p>Es gibt einen <strong>Zweck</strong>. Er beschreibt, was das Unternehmen werden soll.</p></li><li><p>Es gibt <strong>taktische Operationen</strong>. Das sind die Aktivit&#228;ten, die real auf diesen Zweck hinarbeiten.</p></li><li><p>Und es gibt den <strong>Strategen</strong>. Er ordnet jede dieser Operationen bez&#252;glich ihrer Wirkung ein und entscheidet den n&#228;chsten Zug.</p></li></ul><p>Drei Ebenen. Drei verschiedene Aufgaben.</p><p>Und auf jeder davon wird gef&#252;hrt, im Sinne von Kotter: Es wird eine Richtung gesetzt, und Menschen werden darauf ausgerichtet.</p><h1>Der Zweck ist gro&#223; und er bleibt stabil</h1><p>Ein Zweck ist nicht klein-klein.</p><p>Es ist auch nicht &#8222;das profitabelste Unternehmen der Welt werden&#8221;. Das ist kein Zweck, sondern ein Ergebnis. Es sagt niemandem, was er morgen tun soll.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Der Zweck ist die Absicht des Unternehmens: was es werden will. </p></div><p>Zum Beispiel:</p><ul><li><p>ein Hersteller von elektrischen Long-Haul-Trucks f&#252;r Europa,</p></li><li><p>der technologisch f&#252;hrende Hersteller von Nutzfahrzeugen in Europa und Amerika,</p></li><li><p>ein globaler full line Anbieter von Nutzfahrzeugen auf allen Kontinenten und in allen Segmenten,</p></li><li><p>ein Anbieter f&#252;r alle Aspekte des G&#252;tertransports auf der ganzen Welt.</p></li></ul><div class="pullquote"><p>Jedes davon ist ein vern&#252;nftiger Zweck.</p></div><p>Jedes davon f&#252;hrt zu einem v&#246;llig anderen Unternehmen. Anderen Produkten, anderen Werken, anderen Leuten, anderen Entwicklungsprojekten.</p><blockquote><p>Deshalb ist die Auswahl des Zwecks Aufgabe der Gesch&#228;ftsf&#252;hrung.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>Die Mitglieder der Gesch&#228;ftsf&#252;hrung sind nicht nur F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte. Sie sind die Treuh&#228;nder der Eigent&#252;mer. Sie setzen in deren Auftrag den Zweck des Unternehmens.</p></div><p>Der Zweck muss &#252;ber lange Zeit stabil und durchg&#228;ngig kommuniziert sein.</p><p>Alle 3 Jahre eine neue Gesch&#228;ftsf&#252;hrung mit neuen Ideen ist t&#246;dlich. Gerade in den volatilen Zeiten des technologischen und wirtschaftlichen Umbruchs ist ein konstanter Unternehmenszweck unverzichtbar.</p><p>Diesen Unternehmenszweck zu entscheiden ist keine Sache von 5 Minuten, dem geht harte Arbeit voraus.</p><p>Was ist realistisch in Anbetracht der verf&#252;gbaren Ressourcen und Mittel?<br>Was sind die Interessen der Eigent&#252;mer?<br>Wo gehen die Belegschaft und die Kunden mit?</p><p>Alles muss Hand und Fu&#223; haben. Und selbst nach der Entscheidung h&#246;rt die Arbeit nicht auf. Alle m&#252;ssen kontinuierlich auf diesen Zweck ausgerichtet werden.</p><h1>Die Taktik geh&#246;rt dem Team</h1><p>Dann ist da noch die eigentliche Arbeit.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Kleine, mittlere und gro&#223;e Projekte sind die taktischen Elemente, die das Unternehmen auf diesen Zweck hinbewegen.</p></div><p>Und auch hier wird gef&#252;hrt.</p><p>F&#252;hren hei&#223;t auch hier die Richtung vorzugeben und die Absicht klar zu machen.</p><blockquote><p>Entscheiden sollen die, die vor Ort sind. Daf&#252;r gilt eine einfache Regel: Die Entscheidung f&#228;llt so nah am Geschehen wie m&#246;glich.</p></blockquote><p>Moltke wusste, warum:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>Kein Operationsplan reicht mit einiger Sicherheit &#252;ber das erste Zusammentreffen mit der feindlichen Hauptmacht hinaus.</em></p></div><p>Der Plan trifft auf die Wirklichkeit, und die Wirklichkeit h&#228;lt sich nicht an den Plan. Wer dann erst fragen muss, ist zu sp&#228;t.</p><p>Moltke hat daraus eine F&#252;hrungsweise gemacht, die sp&#228;ter <strong>Auftragstaktik</strong> genannt wurde. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Der Vorgesetzte sagt, <em>was</em> erreicht werden soll und <em>warum</em>. Das <em>Wie</em> entscheidet der, der vor Ort ist.</p></div><p>Das Wort &#8222;warum&#8221; ist dabei der entscheidende Teil.</p><blockquote><p>Wer nur das Was kennt, kann nicht sinnvoll abweichen, wenn die Lage sich &#228;ndert. Wer die Absicht kennt, kann es.</p></blockquote><p>Aber Auftragstaktik ist kein Freibrief. Sie funktioniert nur, wenn ein <strong>System</strong> da ist, in dem die Leute allein und miteinander die richtigen Entscheidungen treffen k&#246;nnen. Ein gemeinsamer Takt, sichtbare Aufgaben, klare Zust&#228;ndigkeiten.</p><p>Im NewPDP ist das das Drum Beat System. Ohne einen solchen Rahmen wird aus dezentraler Entscheidung schnell dezentrales Chaos.</p><p>Einen Grundsatz der Auftragstaktik habe ich schon fr&#252;heren Artikeln erw&#228;hnt, weil er wichtig ist.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8222;Ein Befehl soll alles enthalten, was der Unterf&#252;hrer zur Erreichung seines Zweckes selbst&#228;ndig nicht bestimmen kann, aber auch nur dieses.&#8220;</em><br>Helmuth von Moltke, <em>Verordnungen f&#252;r die h&#246;heren Truppenf&#252;hrer</em>, 1869</p></div><h1>Die Strategie sitzt dazwischen</h1><p>Bleibt die Ebene in der Mitte.</p><p>Wer im Unternehmen heute &#8222;Strategie&#8220; sagt, meint meistens einen langfristigen Plan. Eine Roadmap &#252;ber f&#252;nf Jahre. Ein Zielbild mit Umsatzzahlen. Eine Liste von Initiativen, ordentlich priorisiert.</p><p>Das ist keine Strategie.</p><p>Das Zielbild ist das Ziel. Die Roadmap ist ein Plan. Und die Liste der Initiativen ist eine Liste.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Strategie ist das, was zwischen Zweck und Plan passiert: nach jedem Zug neu bewerten, wo man steht, und den n&#228;chsten Zug w&#228;hlen.</p></div><p>Jeder taktische Zug ver&#228;ndert die Lage. </p><p>Ein neues Produkt kommt sehr gut bei den Kunden an. Oder auch nicht. Oder das Produkt ist super, aber der Wettbewerber hat auf einmal ein besseres.</p><p>Irgendjemand muss fragen: Was bedeutet das f&#252;r unseren Zweck? Bringt uns dieser Zug n&#228;her heran oder weiter weg? Welche neuen M&#246;glichkeiten haben sich gerade er&#246;ffnet?</p><p>Das ist die Aufgabe des Strategen.</p><blockquote><p>Er ist der Schachspieler, der den n&#228;chsten Zug entscheidet. Er erkennt welche Wirkung der letzte Zug hatte und er kalkuliert den n&#228;chsten Zug.</p></blockquote><p>Moltke nannte die Strategie deshalb ein <strong>System der Aushilfen</strong>. Kein starrer Plan, sondern das st&#228;ndige Neubewerten der Lage im Licht des Zwecks.</p><p>Ist Strategie also nur eine Aufgabe f&#252;r F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte?</p><p>Beim Milit&#228;r lautete die Antwort schon zu Moltkes Zeit: nein.</p><p>Die Strategie entstand im <strong>Generalstab</strong>. Dort arbeiteten Offiziere, die keine Truppen befehligten. Sie analysierten die Lage, spielten Szenarien durch und planten Aufmarsch und Feldzug. Und sie wurden den kommandierenden Gener&#228;len zur Seite gestellt, damit deren Entscheidungen auf einer gr&#252;ndlichen Bewertung der Lage beruht.</p><p>Strategisches Denken war also nicht an den Rang gebunden. Es war eine F&#228;higkeit, die man gezielt ausbildete, und eine Arbeit, die viele machten.</p><p>Damit sind wir bei der eigentlichen Frage dieses Artikels.</p><h1>Wer f&#252;hrt?</h1><p>Peter Drucker hat die k&#252;rzeste Definition geliefert, die ich kenne:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8222;The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers.&#8221;</em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p>F&#252;hrer ist, wem gefolgt wird. Nicht, wer im Organigramm oben steht.</p></div><blockquote><p>Das hei&#223;t: F&#252;hrung ist eine T&#228;tigkeit, keine Position.</p></blockquote><p>Aber wenn jeder f&#252;hren kann, wozu braucht es dann noch einen Chef?</p><h1>Was ist denn ein Chef?</h1><p>Wenn F&#252;hrung keine Position ist und Strategie nicht automatisch Chefsache, was bleibt dann f&#252;r den Chef?</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Chef ist, wer Verantwortung f&#252;r das Tun anderer &#252;bernimmt.</em></p></div><p>Nicht nur f&#252;r das eigene Tun. Das &#252;bernimmt jeder Profi, jeder Ingenieur, jede Expertin. Sondern f&#252;r das, was andere tun. Auch wenn er es selbst anders gemacht h&#228;tte. Auch wenn er es nicht bis ins Detail versteht.</p><p>Es gibt einen &#228;hnlichen Satz: F&#252;hrungskr&#228;fte tragen Verantwortung f&#252;r ihre Mitarbeiter. Das ist Verantwortung f&#252;r Menschen. Die Sicht des People Managers.</p><p>Ich meine hier etwas anderes. Verantwortung f&#252;r das, was sie tun, nicht f&#252;r das was sie werden sollen.</p><p>Mein damaliger Chef hat es in einem Satz gesagt:</p><p><em>&#8222;Macht euch sonst keine weiteren Gedanken.&#8220;</em></p><p>Das war keine Anweisung. Das war die &#220;bernahme der Verantwortung. Wenn das schiefgeht, ist das meins.</p><p>Schaut man genauer hin, ist jede Aufgabe, die nur der Chef erledigen kann, genau so eine &#220;bernahme:</p><ul><li><p>Priorit&#228;ten setzen hei&#223;t: Ich verantworte, was ihr liegen lasst.</p></li><li><p>Die Kompromisse des Teams mittragen hei&#223;t: Ich verantworte Entscheidungen, die ich nicht selbst getroffen habe.</p></li><li><p>Deals mit Kollegen der eigenen Ebene hei&#223;t: Ich verantworte, was mein Team f&#252;r andere leistet.</p></li><li><p>Rechtlich verbindlich handeln hei&#223;t: Ich verantworte nach au&#223;en, was hier drinnen passiert.</p></li></ul><p>Deshalb kann nur der Chef Verbindlichkeit f&#252;r das gemeinsame Ergebnis herstellen. Eine Zusage ist erst verbindlich, wenn jemand daf&#252;r geradesteht.</p><p>Daraus wird ein Test:</p><blockquote><p><em>Geh&#246;rt diese Aufgabe zum Chef? Nur wenn jemand f&#252;r das Tun anderer geradestehen muss.</em></p></blockquote><p>Alles andere kann das Team selbst.</p><h2>Verantwortung braucht einen eigenen Beitrag</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Wer f&#252;r das Tun anderer geradesteht, muss ihnen nicht sagen, wie sie es tun. Er muss daf&#252;r sorgen, dass sie es in die richtige Richtung tun.</p></div><p>Damit kl&#228;rt sich auch die Strategiefrage. Strategie entwickeln kann jeder, der die Lage &#252;berblickt.</p><blockquote><p>Aber sobald eine Strategie umgesetzt wird, tun andere etwas. Hunderte von Menschen richten ihre Arbeit danach aus. F&#252;r dieses Tun muss jemand die Verantwortung &#252;bernehmen.</p><p>Das ist der Chef.</p></blockquote><p>Entscheiden hei&#223;t f&#252;r den Chef: die Verantwortung &#252;bernehmen. F&#252;r eine Strategie, die vielleicht ein anderer ausgearbeitet hat. Und f&#252;r die Taktik, die das Team entschieden hat.</p><p>Das hei&#223;t aber nicht, einfach den R&#252;cken hinzuhalten.</p><blockquote><p>Verantwortung f&#252;r das Tun anderer kann nur &#252;bernehmen, wer selbst etwas beitr&#228;gt. Der Chef muss sich mit den Themen besch&#228;ftigen, die Lage kennen, die Argumente pr&#252;fen und seinen eigenen Teil beitragen. Sonst steht er f&#252;r etwas gerade, das er gar nicht beurteilen kann.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Verantwortung ohne eigenen Beitrag ist keine Verantwortung. Sie ist ein Gl&#252;cksspiel.</em></p></div><h1>Nicht aus dem Elfenbeinturm</h1><p>Strategische Arbeit klingt nach Schreibtisch. Nach Ruhe, Abstand und &#220;berblick.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Eine strategische Bewertung kann man aber nicht aus dem Elfenbeinturm machen. Wer Z&#252;ge einordnen will, muss sie sehen. Er muss da sein, wo die Musik spielt: im Versuch, beim Lieferanten, in der Abstimmung, in der das Team um einen Kompromiss ringt.</p></div><p>Clausewitz hat das schon vor 200 Jahren gefordert:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8222;Die Strategie mu&#223; mit ins Feld ziehen [&#8230;]. Sie kann also ihre Hand in keinem Augenblick von dem Werke abziehen.&#8220;</em></p></div><p>Zu seiner Zeit wurde Strategie gern im Kabinett gemacht, weit weg von der Armee. Er hielt das f&#252;r einen gro&#223;en Fehler.</p><p>Das gilt f&#252;r jeden, der strategisch arbeitet. Ob Gesch&#228;ftsf&#252;hrer, Bereichsleiter, Projektleiter oder Systemarchitektin. Auf jeder Ebene.</p><p>Das hei&#223;t nicht, dass er dort die Entscheidungen &#252;bernimmt. Was das Team selbst entscheiden kann, entscheidet das Team.</p><p>Aber manchmal st&#246;&#223;t das Team an eine Grenze, die es allein nicht &#252;berwinden kann. Zwei Anforderungen schlie&#223;en sich aus, und jemand muss sagen, welche wichtiger ist. Ein anderer Bereich muss mitziehen. Ein Risiko ist zu gro&#223;, um es ohne R&#252;ckendeckung einzugehen.</p><p>Dann muss entschieden werden. Von dem, der f&#252;r das gemeinsame Ergebnis geradesteht. Und zwar sofort, nicht in der n&#228;chsten Lenkungskreissitzung.</p><blockquote><p>Wer im Elfenbeinturm sitzt, sieht die Lage zu sp&#228;t, und es wird zu sp&#228;t entschieden. Wer vor Ort ist, sieht sie fr&#252;h, ordnet sie ein und sorgt daf&#252;r, dass entschieden wird, wenn es n&#246;tig ist.</p></blockquote><p>Kommen wir nun zum Management.</p><h1>Management ist der Aufmarsch</h1><p>Bleibt die Frage: Was ist Management eigentlich, wenn es nicht F&#252;hrung ist?</p><p>Auch darauf hat Moltke eine Antwort. </p><p>Ein Satz von ihm hat mich besonders betroffen:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>Ein Fehler in der urspr&#252;nglichen Versammlung der Armeen ist im ganzen Verlauf des Feldzuges kaum wieder gut zu machen.</em></p></div><p>Die Versammlung der Armeen. Der <strong>Aufmarsch</strong>. Truppen zusammenziehen, Kr&#228;fte verteilen, Nachschub organisieren, die richtigen Leute an die richtigen Stellen bringen.</p><p>Daneben Kotters Beschreibung von Management: planen und budgetieren, organisieren, Stellen besetzen, kontrollieren.</p><p>Es ist dasselbe.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Der Aufmarsch ist Management.</em></p></div><p>Damit wird die Arbeitsteilung klar. </p><blockquote><p>F&#252;hrung sagt, wohin es geht. </p><p>Management stellt die Mannschaft so auf, dass sie dort ankommen kann.</p></blockquote><p>Moltke sagt auch, warum das so wichtig ist.</p><p>Der Aufmarsch ist der einzige Moment, in dem der Gegner noch nicht st&#246;rt. Was sich vorbereiten l&#228;sst, l&#228;sst sich nur jetzt in Ruhe vorbereiten. Deshalb planten die Preu&#223;en ihren Aufmarsch bis in die Fahrpl&#228;ne der Eisenbahn.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Das ist keine Pedanterie. Es ist <strong>Komplexit&#228;tsreduzierung</strong>.</p></div><p>Alles, was vorher gekl&#228;rt ist, muss sp&#228;ter nicht mehr unter Druck entschieden werden. In der Ausf&#252;hrung bleibt nur die Komplexit&#228;t &#252;brig, die sich nicht vermeiden l&#228;sst. Und damit wird die Durchf&#252;hrung beherrschbarer.</p><blockquote><p><em>Gutes Management reduziert die Komplexit&#228;t der Ausf&#252;hrung auf das unvermeidbare Ma&#223;.</em></p></blockquote><p>Genau das meint Kotter, wenn er sagt: Management bew&#228;ltigt Komplexit&#228;t.</p><p>Im Entwicklungsprojekt ist das nicht anders. </p><p>Markt, Wettbewerb und neue Technologien bringen genug Komplexit&#228;t mit sich. Fehlende Kapazit&#228;t, unklare Zust&#228;ndigkeiten und Voraussetzungen, die zum Start nicht stehen, sind dagegen hausgemacht. Sie h&#228;tten im Aufmarsch gekl&#228;rt werden k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Das ist die Aufgabe des Managements. Und auch das ist harte, bodenst&#228;ndige Arbeit.</p><h2>Management in Vorbereitung und Durchf&#252;hrung</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Gutes Management h&#246;rt mit dem Aufmarsch nicht auf.</p></div><p>Auch im laufenden Projekt muss nachgef&#252;hrt werden. Ressourcen werden umgeschichtet, wo ein Engpass entsteht. Kapazit&#228;t werden nachgezogen, wenn sich der Umfang &#228;ndert. Schnittstellen werden gekl&#228;rt, Lieferanten nachgesteuert, Voraussetzungen nachgebessert.</p><p>Beim Milit&#228;r hei&#223;t das Nachschub. Ohne ihn bleibt auch der beste Aufmarsch stecken.</p><blockquote><p>Management gibt es also zweimal: in der Vorbereitung und in der Durchf&#252;hrung. Beides ist notwendige Arbeit, und beides liegt in der Verantwortung aller. </p></blockquote><p>Hier hat auch die Mitarbeiterentwicklung ihren Platz: im Sinne von alles richtig aufstellen.</p><h2>Was Management nicht ist</h2><p>Trotzdem hat Management einen schlechten Ruf. Das liegt an etwas anderem.</p><p>Vieles, was heute unter dem Namen Management l&#228;uft, hat mit gutem Management nichts zu tun:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Tracking:</strong> Fortschritt erfassen, Ampeln einf&#228;rben, Listen pflegen.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#220;berwachung:</strong> nachhalten, ob alle tun, was sie sollen.</p></li><li><p><strong>Rechtfertigung:</strong> erkl&#228;ren, warum etwas noch nicht fertig ist.</p></li></ul><p>Oft erledigen das Menschen mit dem Titel Manager. Aber es ist kein Management.</p><p>Der Unterschied ist einfach:</p><blockquote><p><em>Management schafft Voraussetzungen. Tracking stellt fest, was nicht erledigt wurde.</em></p></blockquote><p>Gutes Management braucht eine Organisation, die ihm Raum l&#228;sst. Und diese Organisation muss den Notwendigkeiten folgen. Nicht umgekehrt.</p><p>Wie eine solche Organisation aussieht, ist das Thema des n&#228;chsten Artikels.</p><h1>F&#252;hrung und Management sind nicht nur Chefsache</h1><p>Aber sie sind auch Chefsache.</p><p>Sie finden auf drei Ebenen statt:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Beim Unternehmenszweck.</strong> Die Gesch&#228;ftsleitung legt fest, was das Unternehmen werden soll. Und sie h&#228;lt diese Richtung stabil.</p></li><li><p><strong>In der Strategiearbeit.</strong> Wer die Lage &#252;berblickt, ordnet jeden Zug im Licht des Zwecks ein und zeigt, wie es weitergeht. Mit Chefposition oder ohne.</p></li><li><p><strong>In der taktisch-operativen Arbeit.</strong> Teamleiter, Abteilungsleiter, Projektleiterinnen, Expertinnen und Teams f&#252;hren und managen, wenn sie in der Umsetzung die Richtung adjustieren und auf die Realit&#228;t reagieren.</p></li></ul><p>Der Chef hat dabei eine Aufgabe, die ihm niemand abnehmen kann. Er steht f&#252;r das gemeinsame Ergebnis gerade. Und das kann er nur, wenn er selbst mitarbeitet.</p><ul><li><p>Management sorgt daf&#252;r, dass die Mannschaft ankommen kann.</p></li><li><p>F&#252;hrung sorgt daf&#252;r, dass alle in dieselbe Richtung gehen.</p></li></ul><p><em>Klare Richtung, ein Team.</em></p><h1>Was nehmen wir heute mit?</h1><ul><li><p>F&#252;hrung ist nicht Management. Management bew&#228;ltigt Komplexit&#228;t, F&#252;hrung setzt eine Richtung.</p></li><li><p>F&#252;hrung findet auf drei Ebenen statt: Zweck, Strategie und Taktik.</p></li><li><p>Den Zweck setzt die Gesch&#228;ftsf&#252;hrung, und sie h&#228;lt ihn stabil.</p></li><li><p>Strategie ist kein Plan. Sie ist das st&#228;ndige Neubewerten der Lage auf dem Weg zum Zweck.</p></li><li><p>F&#252;hrung ist eine T&#228;tigkeit, keine Position.</p></li><li><p>Chef ist, wer Verantwortung f&#252;r das Tun anderer &#252;bernimmt.</p></li><li><p>Strategen sind bei der Taktik dabei.</p></li><li><p>Management schafft die Voraussetzung f&#252;r die Durchf&#252;hrung, in der Vorbereitung und w&#228;hrend der Durchf&#252;hrung.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p>Und jetzt bin ich neugierig.</p><p>Wie ist das in Ihrem Unternehmen? Wie viel von dem, was dort Management hei&#223;t, schafft Voraussetzungen? Und wie viel stellt nur fest, was nicht erledigt wurde?</p><p>Schreiben Sie es mir gern in den Kommentar auf Substack. Ich lese jeden einzelnen und antworte.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/clausewitz-und-moltke-haben-unser/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fclausewitz-und-moltke-haben-unser%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>Und wenn Sie vor dieser Transformation stehen und nicht alleine durchgehen wollen, schreiben Sie mir das auch.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p>In den kommenden Wochen geht es weiter mit den n&#228;chsten Voraussetzungen des NewPDP: Organisation und Architektur.</p><p>Gerade die Organisation h&#228;ngt eng mit F&#252;hrung zusammen. Sie entscheidet, wo entschieden wird und wer daf&#252;r geradesteht.</p><p>Wenn Sie die ganze Geschichte verfolgen wollen, abonnieren Sie am besten den Newsletter oder den Podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Und wenn Ihnen das geholfen hat, teilen Sie es mit jemandem, der vor demselben Problem steht.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/clausewitz-und-moltke-haben-unser?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fclausewitz-und-moltke-haben-unser%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Who Actually Manages?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Management is not a title. It is an activity. And it belongs to everyone.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/who-manages</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/who-manages</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2026 07:02:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mRzb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21mRzb%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mRzb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fd5f725-8556-47df-9626-66c651243be0_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>I have often heard the sentence: &#8220;Management has decided.&#8221;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>What people meant was the bosses, the person at the top of the org chart. The higher up, the better it works as an excuse.</p><p>But just as often I heard the other one: &#8220;Management just won&#8217;t decide.&#8221;</p><p>So there&#8217;s nothing you can do. You wait.</p><p>In the way we talk, management is a group. If you&#8217;re a boss, you&#8217;re in it. Everyone else isn&#8217;t.</p><p>To be honest, that&#8217;s pretty convenient, for both sides. One side gets a title, the other gets someone whose job it is to sort things out.</p><p>It just isn&#8217;t true. Management isn&#8217;t a group of people. Management is something you do.</p><p>And <strong>everyone</strong> has to do it.</p><p>Peter Drucker saw this back in 1967. For him, every knowledge worker responsible for a contribution that materially affects the results was an <strong>executive</strong>, whether or not anyone reported to him.</p><p>What does that mean in practice? </p><p>Take an engineer preparing a test.</p><p>He has to organize the timing when the test rig is free, that the parts will arrive on time, that a measurement technician has time and that the software is at the level he needs. Only then can the test happen at all.</p><p>So he creates the preconditions.</p><p>That is management.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Management creates the preconditions for execution.</em></p></div><p>Once the test is running, he keeps an eye on it. Are the values where they should be? Is the schedule holding? Is anything missing?</p><p>He measures. Not to write a report, but to see where he needs to step in. Measuring is how you spot where action is needed.</p><p>If a part is missing, he gets it. If the rig turns out to be booked after all, he negotiates. And if something starts going off the rails, he acts as early as possible.</p><p>Create the preconditions, measure, adjust. All within his own area of responsibility.</p><p>A department head does basically the same thing, just for a bigger area. Top management too, just for the whole company. The activity is the same, only the scope is different.</p><p>So what happens when you leave management to the bosses?</p><p>Then the engineer waits until someone books the test rig. Nobody notices a missing part until the test is due. And the boss is supposed to manage things he can&#8217;t even see from where he sits.</p><p>And then you hear it again: &#8220;Management just won&#8217;t decide.&#8221;</p><p><em>If you delegate management upward, you give away your own work. </em></p><p>How is it where you work? Who actually manages? Tell me in the comments.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Clausewitz and Moltke Solved Our Leadership Problem. We Just Never Learned It.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Leadership: Clear direction, one team.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/leadership-management-strategy</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/leadership-management-strategy</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2026 07:03:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%216uwg%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%216uwg%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%216uwg%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2806449,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/i/220103130?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6uwg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba5d8c01-b02b-48cf-9a4c-f02851fe2720_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>After university, I had no wish to become a manager. I wasn&#8217;t after status or a big salary.</p><p>I just wanted to build seriously cool cars and motorcycles.</p><p>That was the whole plan. Design, calculate, test, improve. </p><p>Leadership was for other people. For the ones who sit in meetings and like to look important.</p><p>Then something happened that changed my view. I still remember it very clearly.</p><p>Our product had grown old. There was a debate about whether to simply stop production. It wasn&#8217;t selling anymore anyway.</p><p>Then our boss at the time said:</p><p>&#8220;Quickly build a prototype with the latest engine.&#8221;</p><p>Everyone objected: &#8220;It won&#8217;t even fit. It&#8217;s far too expensive. Developing something like that is a huge effort. It takes years.&#8221;</p><p>He replied: &#8220;Just weld one of the vehicles together, drop the engine in and get it running. Don&#8217;t worry about anything else.&#8221;</p><p><em>Don&#8217;t worry about anything else.</em></p><p>Everyone was puzzled. But they did it.</p><p>Only a few months later, the vehicle was running.</p><p>On the sidelines of the IAA motor show, the boss organized a demonstration at the Contidrom near Hanover, Continental&#8217;s test track. Only a handful of people were invited, but influential ones: journalists and customers. They got to drive the vehicle themselves.</p><p>The feedback was overwhelming:</p><p><em>&#8220;You absolutely have to build this. We want it!&#8221;</em></p><p>Suddenly, stopping production was off the table. The only question was how to pull off the project.</p><p>That made a deep impression on me. From that day on, I knew: this is what I want to do.</p><p>My old view had been naive.</p><p>Nobody builds a good vehicle alone. It is the result of thousands of decisions made by hundreds of people. </p><p>Whether a really good vehicle comes out at the end depends less on how good each individual decision is.</p><p>It depends on whether everyone is pointing in the same direction.</p><p>And that is what leadership takes care of.</p><p>Was what my boss did back then Leadership? Management? Strategy?</p><p>That is what we will look at in this article.</p><p>Either way, it is something we need to learn to do again.</p><p>But first we need to be clear about what leadership actually means. Because it is very easily confused with management.</p><h1>Leadership Is Not Management</h1><p>John P. Kotter of Harvard Business School took these two terms apart back in 1990.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Management</strong> copes with complexity. It plans, budgets, organizes and controls. It makes sure a large system runs reliably.</p><p><strong>Leadership</strong> copes with change. It sets a direction, aligns people behind it and gets them moving.</p></div><p>Both are needed. But they are not the same thing.</p><p>Kotter&#8217;s diagnosis at the time was clear: most companies are <em>overmanaged and underled</em>.</p><p>Not much has changed since.</p><p>On the org chart, management and leadership still look identical. Same box, same title: manager.</p><p>And in the calendar, management almost always wins. Reports, budgets, alignment meetings. Little time is left for leadership.</p><p><em>Many companies are well administered. But poorly led.</em></p><p>For NewPDP, this is not a side issue. A development model that is meant to deliver more without needing more stands or falls with leadership. That is why leadership is one of its three enablers.</p><p>So I need to be more precise about what leadership means in NewPDP. And who does it.</p><div><hr></div><p>Of all people, two Prussian generals helped me with that.</p><p>For some time now, I have been occupied with Carl von Clausewitz. And I have borrowed a few things from Helmuth von Moltke the Elder as well.</p><p>Both wrestled with the question behind every leadership debate.</p><p><strong>Who decides what?</strong></p><p>In the overview article on NewPDP, I wrote: leading means working alongside. Whoever only decides is not leading. I deliberately left open the question of who decides what.</p><p>Today I will answer it.</p><h1>Not Two Levels, but Three</h1><p>We usually think in two categories:</p><p><strong>Individual contributors:</strong> the people who do the work, who create something.<br><strong>Managers:</strong> the people who tell others what to do and judge how well they do it.</p><p>This is exactly where Prussia failed against Napoleon at Jena and Auerstedt in 1806. Soldiers who fight and officers who give orders were not enough to win a modern war.</p><p>Clausewitz was there. He was taken prisoner and afterwards became one of the reformers who rebuilt the Prussian army.</p><p>We face the same need for change today. That is why his insights are worth taking seriously. </p><p>Above all, understanding three terms: tactics, strategy and purpose.</p><p>He defines them like this:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Tactics is the use of armed forces in the engagement. Strategy is the use of engagements for the purpose of the war.</em></p></div><p>There are three things in that sentence.</p><p>The engagement. The use of engagements. And the purpose.</p><p>In Clausewitz&#8217;s view, the purpose is not set by the general. It is set by politics. That is where his best-known sentence comes from: </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>War is merely the continuation of politics by other means. </p></div><p>So the purpose exists not only in war. It is there even when there is no war.</p><p>Translated into a company, this means:</p><ul><li><p>There is a <strong>purpose</strong>. It describes what the company wants to become.</p></li><li><p>There are <strong>tactical operations</strong>. These are the activities that actually move the company toward that purpose.</p></li><li><p>And there is the <strong>strategist</strong>. He assesses the effect of each of these operations and decides the next move.</p></li></ul><p>Three levels. Three different jobs.</p><p>And on each of them, there is leadership in Kotter&#8217;s sense: a direction is set, and people are aligned behind it.</p><h1>The Purpose Is Big, and It Stays Put</h1><p>A purpose is not about small things.</p><p>Nor is it &#8220;becoming the most profitable company in the world.&#8221; That is not a purpose. It is a result. It tells nobody what to do tomorrow.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The purpose is the company&#8217;s intent: what it wants to become. </p></div><p>For example:</p><ul><li><p>a manufacturer of electric long-haul trucks for Europe,</p></li><li><p>the technology leader in commercial vehicles in Europe and the Americas,</p></li><li><p>a global full-line supplier of commercial vehicles on every continent and in every segment,</p></li><li><p>a provider for every aspect of freight transport worldwide.</p></li></ul><p>Each of these is a reasonable purpose.</p><p>Each of them leads to a completely different company. Different products, different plants, different people, different development projects.</p><blockquote><p>That is why choosing it is the job of the executive board.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>The members of the executive board are not just managers. They are the trustees of the owners. On the owners&#8217; behalf, they set the purpose of the company.</p></div><p>The purpose has to remain stable over a long time and be communicated consistently.</p><p>A new executive board with new ideas every three years is fatal here. Especially in volatile times of technological and economic upheaval, a constant purpose is indispensable.</p><p>Deciding on that purpose is not a five-minute job. It takes hard work.</p><p>What is realistic given the available resources and means?<br>What are the interests of the owners?<br>Will the workforce and the customers come along?</p><p>Everything has to be well founded. And even after the decision, the work does not stop. Everyone has to be aligned with this purpose, continuously.</p><h1>Tactics Belong to the Team</h1><p>Then there is the actual work.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Small, medium and large projects are the tactical elements that move the company toward its purpose.</p></div><p>Here, too, there is leadership.</p><p>Here, too, leading means setting the direction and making the intent clear.</p><blockquote><p>The decisions belong to the people on the spot. The rule is simple: decisions are made as close to the action as possible.</p></blockquote><p>Moltke knew why:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;No plan of operations extends with any certainty beyond the first encounter with the enemy&#8217;s main force.&#8221;</em></p></div><p>The plan meets reality, and reality does not follow the plan. If you first have to ask upward, you are too late.</p><p>Moltke turned this into a way of leading that later became known as <strong>mission command</strong>, or <em>Auftragstaktik</em>. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>The superior says <em>what</em> needs to be achieved and <em>why</em>. The <em>how</em> is decided by the person on the spot.</p></div><p>The word &#8220;why&#8221; is the crucial part.</p><blockquote><p>If you only know the what, you cannot sensibly deviate when the situation changes. If you know the intent, you can.</p></blockquote><p>But mission command is not a blank check. It only works if there is a <strong>system</strong> in which people can make the right decisions, on their own and together. A shared rhythm, visible tasks, clear responsibilities.</p><p>In NewPDP, that system is the Drum Beat System. Without such a framework, decentralized decision-making quickly turns into decentralized chaos.</p><p>I have mentioned one principle of mission command in earlier articles, because it matters.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;An order should contain everything the subordinate cannot determine on his own to achieve his purpose, but nothing more.&#8221;</em><br>Helmuth von Moltke, <em>Instructions for Large Unit Commanders</em>, 1869</p></div><h1>The Strategist Sits in Between</h1><p>That leaves the level in the middle.</p><p>When people in a company say &#8220;strategy,&#8221; they usually mean a long-term plan. A five-year roadmap. A target picture with revenue figures. A list of initiatives, neatly prioritized.</p><p>That is not strategy.</p><p>The target picture is a target. The roadmap is a plan. And the list of initiatives is a list.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Strategy is what happens between purpose and plan: after every move, reassessing where you stand and choosing the next move.</p></div><p>Every tactical move changes the situation. </p><p>A new product goes down very well with customers. Or it doesn&#8217;t. Or the product is great, but suddenly a competitor has a better one.</p><p>Someone has to ask: What does this mean for our purpose? Does this move bring us closer or take us further away? What new options have just opened up?</p><p>That is the strategist&#8217;s job.</p><blockquote><p>He is the chess player who decides the next move. He recognizes what effect the last move had, and he calculates the next one.</p></blockquote><p>That is why Moltke called strategy a <strong>system of expedients</strong>. Not a rigid plan, but the constant reassessment of the situation in light of the purpose.</p><p>So is strategy a job for managers only?</p><p>In the military, the answer was already no in Moltke&#8217;s day.</p><p>Strategy was developed in the <strong>General Staff</strong>. The officers there did not command troops. They analyzed the situation, played through scenarios and planned deployment and campaign. And they were assigned to the commanding generals, so that their decisions rested on a thorough assessment of the situation.</p><p>Strategic thinking was not tied to rank. It was a skill that was deliberately trained, and work that many people did.</p><p>Which brings us to the real question of this article.</p><h1>Who Leads?</h1><p>Peter Drucker gave the shortest definition I know:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers.&#8221;</em></p></div><div class="pullquote"><p>A leader is someone people follow. Not someone at the top of the org chart.</p></div><blockquote><p>In other words: leadership is an activity, not a position.</p></blockquote><p>But if anyone can lead, why do we still need a boss?</p><h1>So What Is a Boss?</h1><p>If leadership is not a position, and strategy is not automatically the boss&#8217;s job, what is left for the boss?</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>A boss is someone who takes responsibility for what others do.</em></p></div><p>Not just for what they do themselves. Every professional, every engineer, every expert does that. But for what others do.</p><p>Even if the boss would have done it differently. Even if the boss does not understand it in every detail.</p><p>There is a familiar sentence that sounds similar: managers are responsible for their people. That is responsibility for people. The people manager&#8217;s view.</p><p>What I mean here is something else. Responsibility for what they do, not for who they become.</p><p>My boss back then put it in a single sentence:</p><p><em>&#8220;Don&#8217;t worry about anything else.&#8221;</em></p><p>That was not an instruction. It was taking on responsibility. If this goes wrong, it&#8217;s on me.</p><p>Look closely, and every task that only the boss can do is exactly that kind of commitment:</p><ul><li><p>Setting priorities means: I am responsible for what you leave undone.</p></li><li><p>Backing the team&#8217;s compromises means: I am responsible for decisions I did not make myself.</p></li><li><p>Making deals with peers means: I am responsible for what my team delivers to others.</p></li><li><p>Acting with legal authority means: I am responsible to the outside world for what happens in here.</p></li></ul><p>That is why only the boss can create binding commitment for the shared result. A promise only becomes binding when someone stands behind it.</p><p>This gives us a test:</p><blockquote><p><em>Does this task belong to the boss? Only if someone has to stand behind what others do.</em></p></blockquote><p>Everything else the team can handle itself.</p><h2>Responsibility Requires Your Own Contribution</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Whoever stands behind what others do does not have to tell them how to do it. They have to make sure it is done in the right direction.</p></div><p>This also settles the question of strategy. Anyone who has an overview of the situation can develop strategy.</p><blockquote><p>But as soon as a strategy is put into practice, other people act on it. Hundreds of people align their work with it. Someone has to take responsibility for what they do.</p><p>That is the boss.</p></blockquote><p>For the boss, deciding means taking responsibility. For a strategy that someone else may have worked out. And for the tactics the team has decided on.</p><p>But that does not mean simply taking the hits.</p><blockquote><p>Only someone who contributes can take responsibility for what others do. The boss has to engage with the issues, know the situation, test the arguments and do their own part. Otherwise they are standing behind something they cannot even judge.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Responsibility without your own contribution is not responsibility. It is a gamble.</em></p></div><h1>Not From the Ivory Tower</h1><p>Strategic work sounds like a desk job. Calm, distance, overview.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>But you cannot assess strategy from an ivory tower. If you want to judge moves, you have to see them. You have to be where the action is: at the test bench, at the supplier, in the meeting where the team is wrestling with a compromise.</p></div><p>Clausewitz demanded this 200 years ago:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;Strategy must go with the army into the field [&#8230;]. It can never, for a moment, take its hand off the work.&#8221;</em></p></div><p>In his day, strategy was often made in the cabinet, far away from the army. He considered that a mistake.</p><p>This applies to everyone who works strategically. CEO, head of department, project manager or system architect. At every level.</p><p>That does not mean the strategist takes over the decisions there. Whatever the team can decide, the team decides.</p><p>But sometimes the team hits a limit it cannot overcome on its own. Two requirements are mutually exclusive, and someone has to say which matters more. Another department has to come on board. A risk is too big to take without backing.</p><p>Then a decision has to be made. By the person who stands behind the shared result. And right away, not at the next steering committee meeting.</p><blockquote><p>From the ivory tower, you see the situation too late, and decisions come too late. On the spot, you see it early, put it in context and make sure a decision is made when it is needed.</p></blockquote><h1>Management Is the Deployment</h1><p>That leaves one question: what is management, if it is not leadership?</p><p>Moltke has an answer to that too. One of his sentences struck me in particular:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;An error in the original assembly of the armies can hardly be corrected in the entire course of the campaign.&#8221;</em></p></div><p>The assembly of the armies. The <strong>deployment</strong>. Bringing troops together, distributing forces, organizing supplies, getting the right people into the right places.</p><p>Put Kotter&#8217;s description of management next to it: planning and budgeting, organizing, staffing, controlling.</p><p>It is the same thing.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>The deployment is management.</em></p></div><blockquote><p>That makes the division of labor clear. Leadership says where we are going. Management positions the team so it can get there.</p></blockquote><p>Moltke also explains why this matters so much.</p><p>The deployment is the only moment when the enemy is not yet interfering. Whatever can be prepared can only be prepared calmly now. That is why the Prussians planned their deployment right down to the railway timetables.</p><blockquote><p>That is not pedantry. It is <strong>complexity reduction</strong>.</p></blockquote><p>Everything settled in advance does not have to be decided under pressure later. What remains in execution is only the complexity that cannot be avoided. And that makes execution manageable.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Good management reduces the complexity of execution to the unavoidable minimum.</em></p></div><p>That is exactly what Kotter means when he says management copes with complexity.</p><p>Development projects are no different. </p><p>Markets, competitors and new technologies bring plenty of complexity with them. Missing capacity, unclear responsibilities and prerequisites that are not in place at the start, on the other hand, are homemade. They could have been settled during the deployment.</p><p>That is the job of management. And it, too, is hard, down-to-earth work.</p><h2>Management in Preparation and Execution</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Good management does not end with the deployment.</p></div><p>A running project also needs constant adjustment. Resources are shifted where a bottleneck appears. Capacity is added when the scope changes. Interfaces are clarified, suppliers are steered, prerequisites are fixed.</p><p>In the military, this is called supply. Without it, even the best deployment grinds to a halt.</p><blockquote><p>So management happens twice: in preparation and in execution. Both are necessary work, and both are everyone&#8217;s responsibility. </p></blockquote><p>This is also where developing people belongs: in the sense of getting everything into position.</p><h2>What Management Is Not</h2><p>Still, management has a bad reputation. That is down to something else.</p><p>Much of what runs under the name of management today has nothing to do with good management:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Tracking:</strong> recording progress, coloring traffic lights, maintaining lists.</p></li><li><p><strong>Monitoring:</strong> checking whether everyone is doing what they should.</p></li><li><p><strong>Justifying:</strong> explaining why something is not finished yet.</p></li></ul><p>This is often done by people with the title of manager. But it is not management.</p><p>The difference is simple:</p><blockquote><p><em>Management creates the conditions for success. Tracking records what has not been done.</em></p></blockquote><p>Good management needs an organization that gives it room. And that organization has to follow what is needed. Not the other way around.</p><p>What such an organization looks like is the topic of the next article.</p><h1>Leadership and Management Are Not Only the Boss&#8217;s Job</h1><p>But they are the boss&#8217;s job too.</p><p>They happen on three levels:</p><ul><li><p><strong>At the level of purpose.</strong> The executive board decides what the company wants to become. And it keeps that direction stable.</p></li><li><p><strong>In strategic work.</strong> Whoever has an overview of the situation puts every move in the light of the purpose and shows how to proceed. With a management position or without one.</p></li><li><p><strong>In tactical and operational work.</strong> Team leaders, heads of department, project managers, experts and teams lead and manage when they adjust the direction during execution and respond to the realities.</p></li></ul><p>The boss has one task nobody else can take on. </p><p>The boss stands behind the shared result. And can only do that by working alongside the team.</p><ul><li><p>Management makes sure the team can get there.</p></li><li><p>Leadership makes sure everyone is heading in the same direction.</p></li></ul><p><em>Clear direction, one team.</em></p><h1>What Do We Take Away Today?</h1><ul><li><p>Leadership is not management. Management copes with complexity, leadership sets the direction.</p></li><li><p>Leadership happens on three levels: purpose, strategy and tactics.</p></li><li><p>The executive board sets the purpose and keeps it stable.</p></li><li><p>Strategy is not a plan. It is the constant reassessment of the situation on the way to the purpose.</p></li><li><p>Leadership is an activity, not a position.</p></li><li><p>A boss is someone who takes responsibility for what others do.</p></li><li><p>Strategists are present where the tactics happen.</p></li><li><p>Management creates the conditions for execution, both in preparation and while the work is underway.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p>And now I&#8217;m curious.</p><p>How does this work in your company? How much of what is called management there creates the conditions for success? And how much just records what has not been done?</p><p>Feel free to write it in the comments on Substack. I read every single one and I reply.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/leadership-management-strategy/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fleadership-management-strategy%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>And if you&#8217;re facing this transformation and don&#8217;t want to start alone, write to me about that too.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p>In the coming weeks I&#8217;ll move on to the next prerequisites of the NewPDP: organization and architecture.</p><p>Organization in particular is closely tied to leadership. It decides where decisions are made and who stands behind them.</p><p>If you want to follow the whole story, the best way is to subscribe to the newsletter or the podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Found this useful? Please share it with someone who&#8217;s dealing with the same problem.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/leadership-management-strategy?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fleadership-management-strategy%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>If you think a colleague would get value out of this, recommend the newsletter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Predictive Technology Readiness - Reif, wenn es gebraucht wird.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Innovationen verz&#246;gern Projekte nicht, wenn sie vor dem Projektstart verstanden sind. Das gelingt mit einem festen Budget statt eines Business Case.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/prediktive-technologie-untersuchung</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/prediktive-technologie-untersuchung</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 07:03:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F219606871%2F6c71a172666dedeae198fd60b12999e5.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Produktentwickler lieben Innovationen.</p><p>Das liegt in der Natur der Sache. Sonst w&#228;ren sie nicht Entwickler geworden, sondern Controller.</p><p>Und damit ist das Spannungsfeld schon umrissen, um das es heute geht.</p><p>Innovationen haben n&#228;mlich eine Eigenschaft, die sie bei Controllern unbeliebt macht.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Innovationen kosten Geld.</p></div><p>Und Controller lieben Geld. Sie geben es nur her, wenn sie sicher sind, dass in kurzer Zeit deutlich mehr zur&#252;ckkommt. Das nennt sich dann ein <strong>positiver Business Case</strong>.</p><p>Aber, Innovationen haben noch eine zweite Eigenschaft.</p><p>Sie sind eine Wundert&#252;te.</p><p>Was drin ist, wei&#223; man erst, wenn man sie aufmacht und hineinschaut. Und genau dieses Hineinschauen kostet Geld.</p><p>Damit sind wir beim Kern der Sache.</p><h1>Die Wundert&#252;te wird zu sp&#228;t ge&#246;ffnet</h1><p>Wenn Innovationen Geld kosten und Controller Geld nur f&#252;r einen positiven Business Case herausr&#252;cken, bleibt genau ein Weg: Die Innovation muss in ein Projekt.</p><p>Ein Projekt hat ein definiertes Ende. Ab diesem Tag flie&#223;t Geld zur&#252;ck. Es gibt einen Preis, den der Kunde vermutlich bezahlt. </p><p>Damit l&#228;sst sich ein Business Case rechnen. Passt alles, ist er positiv, und der Controller (oder der Chef) gibt das Geld frei.</p><p>Also wartet der Entwickler.</p><p>Er wartet auf das n&#228;chste passende Projekt, in das er seine Innovation einplanen kann.</p><p>Dann gibt es Geld, und es geht los.</p><p>Dumm ist nur: Erst an diesem Tag wird die Wundert&#252;te ge&#246;ffnet. Ganz langsam.</p><p>Dass es Schleifen brauchen wird, ist allen klar. Man muss lernen, unvorhergesehene Probleme l&#246;sen, Dinge ausprobieren, die beim ersten Mal nicht funktionieren. Deshalb wird von Anfang an mehr Zeit eingeplant.</p><p>Das Produkt w&#228;re zwar fr&#252;her gebraucht worden. Aber bei so einer coolen Innovation, so ist die &#220;berzeugung, verzeiht es der Kunde schon, wenn er etwas l&#228;nger darauf warten muss.</p><p>Dann kam ich mit dem NewPDP.</p><p>48 Monate f&#252;r ein komplett neues Fahrzeug. Und keine Erprobungsflotte im Reifegrad B.</p><p>In der Episode zu den <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Flernende-standard-routinen%3Fr%3D58soro%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Learning Standard Routines</a> habe ich beschrieben, warum ein 48-Monats-Projekt genau einen m&#246;glichen Ablauf zul&#228;sst. </p><p>Und in der Episode zu <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhardware-light-development-de%3Fr%3D58soro%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hardware Light Development</a>, warum die Reifegrad-B-Flotte wegf&#228;llt.</p><p>In diesem Plan ist f&#252;r eine Wundert&#252;te, die erst im Projekt ge&#246;ffnet wird, kein Platz.</p><p>Kein Platz f&#252;r Schleifen. Kein Platz f&#252;r &#220;berraschungen. Kein Puffer, den man vorsorglich einplant.</p><p>F&#252;r die Entwickler war die Konsequenz klar: Mit dem NewPDP w&#252;rden sie nie wieder Innovationen entwickeln k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Auch das war ein Grund, warum sie zu entschiedenen Gegnern des NewPDP wurden. Und ehrlich gesagt kann ich es ihnen nicht verdenken. F&#252;r einen Entwickler gibt es kaum eine schlimmere Vorstellung.</p><p>Also musste eine Alternative auf den Tisch.</p><p>Diese Alternative ist die <strong>Predictive Technology Readiness</strong>, kurz PTR.</p><p>Und mit ihr hatte ich nun, neben den Entwicklern, auch noch die Controller gegen mich.</p><p>Viel Feind, viel Ehr.</p><p>Ich verspreche Ihnen: Am Ende sind beide Seiten zufrieden. Es gibt Innovationen. Und es gibt eine bessere Profitabilit&#228;t.</p><h1>Es geht nicht um Tempo. Es geht um den richtigen Zeitpunkt.</h1><p>Schauen wir noch einmal auf das Timing.</p><p>Es ist nicht intuitiv, aber Schnelligkeit ist <em><strong>nicht</strong></em> das entscheidende Kriterium f&#252;r den Markterfolg.</p><p>Entscheidend ist der richtige Zeitpunkt.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Ein Produkt muss genau dann am Markt sein, wenn die Kunden es brauchen und bereit sind, es zu kaufen.</p></div><p>Das zeigt sich gerade bei den Elektro-LKW&#8217;s. Gro&#223;e St&#252;ckzahlen lassen sich nur verkaufen, wenn auch die Ladeinfrastruktur da ist.</p><p>Den richtigen Zeitpunkt setzen ganz unterschiedliche Dinge:</p><ul><li><p>ein Gesetzestermin, der eingehalten werden muss</p></li><li><p>ein Kundenbedarf, der relevant wird</p></li><li><p>Wettbewerber, die aufgeholt oder &#252;berholt haben</p></li><li><p>interne Zw&#228;nge zu Kostensenkung und Effizienz, die pl&#246;tzlich dringlich werden</p></li><li><p>neue M&#228;rkte oder Segmente, die reif f&#252;r den Eintritt sind</p></li><li><p>es gibt noch viel mehr Gr&#252;nde</p></li></ul><p>Wann diese Signale sichtbar werden, ist unterschiedlich. Eines gilt aber immer: Je n&#228;her der Zeitpunkt r&#252;ckt, desto sicherer wei&#223; man, was genau gebraucht wird.</p><p>Und hier kommt die Schnelligkeit nun doch wieder ins Spiel.</p><blockquote><p>Je schneller ein Projekt realisiert werden kann, desto sp&#228;ter kann es starten. Und desto sicherer ist man, dass man das Richtige baut.</p></blockquote><p>Daraus folgt etwas Unbequemes.</p><p>Beim Projektstart muss die Wundert&#252;te schon ge&#246;ffnet sein. So weit, dass man genau sehen kann, was drin ist.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Konkret: Die Innovation muss so gut verstanden sein, dass sie ohne Schleifen und ohne unliebsame &#220;berraschungen in kurzer Zeit in ein Serienprodukt integriert werden kann.</p></div><p>Sie braucht also ausreichende Reife.</p><p><em>Readiness.</em></p><p>Und die f&#228;llt nicht vom Himmel. Daf&#252;r braucht es einen Prozess.</p><p>Genau dieser Prozess ist die Predictive Technology Readiness.</p><h1>Wo kommt das Geld her?</h1><p>Halten wir kurz fest, was das bedeutet.</p><p>Die Readiness muss hergestellt sein, bevor das Projekt startet. Die Wundert&#252;te wird also nicht mehr im Projekt ge&#246;ffnet, sondern davor.</p><blockquote><p>Und das &#214;ffnen kostet Geld. F&#252;r Untersuchungen, Versuche, Berechnungen und f&#252;r die Leute, die diese Arbeit machen.</p><p>Dieses Geld wird gebraucht, bevor es ein Projekt gibt.</p></blockquote><p><em>Bevor es ein Projekt gibt.</em></p><p>Und damit auch, bevor es einen Business Case gibt, mit dem man es begr&#252;nden k&#246;nnte.</p><p>Also, woher soll es kommen?</p><p>Die Antwort wird den Controllern zun&#228;chst gar nicht gefallen.</p><p>Es gibt keinen positiven Business Case, der diese Investition rechtfertigt. Es kann ihn auch gar nicht geben, denn das Projekt, aus dem das Geld zur&#252;ckflie&#223;en w&#252;rde, existiert noch nicht.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Ein Unternehmen, das innovativ sein will, muss ein Budget f&#252;r Innovationen bereitstellen, ohne zu wissen, wann und ob dieses Geld zur&#252;ckflie&#223;t.</p><p>Es ist eine unternehmerische Entscheidung.</p></div><p><em>Eine Entscheidung. Keine Berechnung.</em></p><blockquote><p>Vor allem die H&#246;he des Budgets ist eine Entscheidung mit Konsequenzen. Wer ein hochinnovatives Unternehmen sein will, braucht ein gr&#246;&#223;eres Budget als ein Unternehmen, das sich bewusst als Follower positioniert.</p></blockquote><p>Die gr&#246;&#223;te H&#252;rde habe ich an anderer Stelle beobachtet. </p><p>Dieses Geld steht nicht mehr f&#252;r andere Dinge zur Verf&#252;gung. F&#252;r Dinge, die durchaus einen positiven Business Case haben. Und damit die besseren Argumente.</p><p>Genau deshalb muss das PTR-Budget verteidigt werden. In jeder Budgetrunde, gegen jedes Projekt, das eine Rendite vorweisen kann.</p><p>Sonst schmilzt es weg. Nicht in einer gro&#223;en Entscheidung, sondern in vielen kleinen, von denen jede f&#252;r sich vern&#252;nftig klingt.</p><p>In den vielen Jahren in der Entwicklung, einige davon als Leiter einer Vorentwicklungsabteilung, wurde Geld f&#252;r Innovationen immer auf dieselbe Weise genehmigt: f&#252;r eine konkrete Innovation.</p><p>Daraus entstanden Vorentwicklungsprojekte. Die sind sinnvoll, und ich werde ihnen eine eigene Episode widmen.</p><p>Aber sie ersetzen nicht das Budget, das die Predictive Technology Readiness braucht.</p><p>Der Unterschied ist grundlegend:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Beim Vorentwicklungsprojekt ist der Inhalt fix, und das Budget folgt. Bei der PTR ist das Budget fix, und der Inhalt folgt.</p></div><p>Das ist dieselbe Umkehr, die ich bei den Learning Standard Routines vorgeschlagen habe. Erst Zeit und Geld festlegen. Dann den passenden Inhalt w&#228;hlen.</p><h1>Wof&#252;r wird das Geld ausgegeben?</h1><div class="pullquote"><p>Die Grundlage ist ein <strong>Technologiemonitoring</strong>.</p></div><p>Das hei&#223;t: alle sich entwickelnden Trends und Technologien werden beobachtet und ihre Relevanz f&#252;r das eigene Gesch&#228;ft wird beurteilt.</p><p>Nicht nur die Technologien, die das Produkt betreffen. Auch Produktionstechnologien. Alles, was f&#252;r das Gesch&#228;ft Bedeutung haben kann, geh&#246;rt auf den Radar.</p><p>Im n&#228;chsten Schritt wird bewertet, welche Untersuchungen helfen, eine Technologie besser einzuordnen. </p><p>Daraus leiten sich konkrete Aktivit&#228;ten ab.</p><p>Damit steht die Liste, wof&#252;r das Geld ausgegeben werden sollte.</p><p>Und jetzt der wichtigste Satz dieses Abschnitts:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Das Ziel ist nicht, eine Technologie fertig zu entwickeln. Das Ziel ist, sie besser einsch&#228;tzen zu k&#246;nnen.</p></div><ul><li><p>Welche Effekte lassen sich erzielen?</p></li><li><p>Wie kann der konkrete Nutzen aussehen?</p></li><li><p>Welche Risiken bestehen?</p></li><li><p>Welche Kompetenzen braucht es, und sind die vorhanden?</p></li><li><p>Welche Kosten entstehen? Sowohl im Produkt als auch in der Entwicklung.</p></li></ul><p>Diese Fragen entstehen erst w&#228;hrend der Besch&#228;ftigung mit der Technologie und jede Antwort &#246;ffnet die Wundert&#252;te ein St&#252;ck weiter.</p><h1>Wer entscheidet?</h1><p>Jetzt haben wir zwei Dinge. </p><p>Ein festes Budget und eine Liste mit Aufgaben, die Technologien auf ihr Innovationspotenzial untersuchen und f&#252;r die Produktentwicklung vorbereiten.</p><p>Bleibt die Frage: Wer entscheidet, welche Aufgaben Vorrang bekommen und wann wie viel Geld wof&#252;r flie&#223;t?</p><blockquote><p>Diese Entscheidung ist heikel. Weder zu viel noch zu wenig investieren. Weder zu fr&#252;h noch zu sp&#228;t einplanen.</p></blockquote><p>Wer kann das einsch&#228;tzen?</p><p>Der Controller? Der Leiter der Vorentwicklung? Der Entwicklungschef? Die Gesch&#228;ftsleitung?</p><p>Keiner von ihnen allein.</p><p>Der Entwickler sieht das technische Potenzial, aber vielleicht nicht so genau den Markt. Der Vertrieb sieht den Kunden, aber kann den Reifegrad nicht einsch&#228;tzen. Der Controller sieht die Kosten, aber vielleicht nicht die Chancen.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Mein Vorschlag ist deshalb ein interdisziplin&#228;r besetztes <strong>Innovationsteam</strong>.</p></div><p>Das Team darf weder zu gro&#223; noch zu klein sein. Zu gro&#223;, und es wird zum Gremium, das diskutiert statt zu entscheiden. Zu klein, und es fehlen die Perspektiven, die eine gute Entscheidung braucht.</p><p>Hinein geh&#246;ren die Sichtweisen, die den richtigen Zeitpunkt bestimmen: Vorentwicklung und Serienentwicklung, Produktmanagement und Vertrieb, Produktion.</p><p>Und das Controlling.</p><p>Ja, genau. Der Controller sitzt mit am Tisch.</p><p>Nicht als Torw&#228;chter, der einen Business Case verlangt, den es nicht geben kann. Sondern als derjenige, der darauf achtet, dass das feste Budget klug verteilt wird.</p><p>Innerhalb des Budgets entscheidet das Team eigenst&#228;ndig. Es muss nicht jede Aktivit&#228;t einzeln genehmigen lassen. Genau daf&#252;r ist das Budget fix.</p><p>Und es entscheidet nicht einmal im Jahr, sondern im Takt des Drum Beat Systems. Neue Signale aus dem Monitoring und eine neue Erkenntnis aus den Untersuchungen flie&#223;en sofort in die n&#228;chste Entscheidung ein.</p><p>Hier arbeiten wir nach dem agilen Prinzip. Was bringt den gr&#246;&#223;ten kurzfristigen Erkenntnisgewinn? Was kommt von der Liste, weil es keinen signifikanten Mehrwert verspricht?</p><h1>Was ist das Korrektiv?</h1><p>Woran k&#246;nnen wir erkennen, ob das Entscheiderteam eine gute Arbeit macht und richtige Entscheidungen trifft?</p><p>Das ist nicht einfach zu beurteilen, denn es gibt keine Zahlen, mit denen man das ausrechnen kann.</p><p>Darum kommt die Antwort auf diese Frage auch aus dem agilen Kontext.</p><p>Regelm&#228;&#223;ige Retrospektiven und Lessons Learned, die ehrlich auf die geleistete Arbeit schauen. Und zwar &#246;ffentlich, nicht im geheimen St&#252;bchen. Jeder Mitarbeiter und jeder Chef kann beobachten, wie das Team arbeitet.</p><p>Und falls es Zweifel gibt, dann hilft reden. Man darf sich einmischen, und man soll sich einmischen, denn hier geht es um die Zukunft des Unternehmens.</p><p>Es geht nicht darum, Entscheidungen zu verschleppen oder zu rechtfertigen. Es geht darum, Verantwortung f&#252;r die getroffenen Entscheidungen vor den Leuten zu &#252;bernehmen, die mit den Konsequenzen leben m&#252;ssen. Und das sind alle Mitarbeiter, nicht nur die Gesch&#228;ftsleitung.</p><p>Klar wird sich nicht jeder Mitarbeiter in jedem Drum Beat mit dem Thema befassen. Aber es gibt auch kein meckern im Nachgang. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Wer sich interessiert, schaltet sich ein. Wer sich nicht einschaltet, lebt mit den Konsequenzen, ohne zu murren.</p></div><h1>Warum &#8222;predictive&#8221;?</h1><p>Das Wort &#8222;predictive&#8221;, also vorausschauend, steht aus gutem Grund im Namen: Wir k&#246;nnen nicht wissen, welche Technologie sich durchsetzt.</p><p>Darum m&#252;ssen wir vorausschauend t&#228;tig werden. In dem Moment, in dem eine Technologie auf dem Technologieradar auftaucht, wird sofort entschieden, was der n&#228;chste offene Kl&#228;rungsbedarf ist. </p><p>Daf&#252;r muss eine Prognose erstellt werden, wo man das Potenzial der jeweiligen Technologie vermutet.</p><p>&#8222;Predictive&#8221; bedeutet nicht, die Zukunft vorzuhersagt. Es hei&#223;t, sich auf die Zukunft vorzubereiten.</p><p>Genau wie bei der pr&#228;diktiven Instandhaltung. Da wartet man auch nicht erst auf den Schaden, um ihn dann zu beheben, sondern man beugt dem Ausfall vor.</p><p>Und wenn sich eine Technologie als Sackgasse erweist? Dann fliegt sie vom Radar. </p><p>Auch das ist ein Ergebnis.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Ein billiges Nein vor dem Projekt ist besser als ein teures Nein mitten im Projekt.</p></div><h1>Und warum sind am Ende alle zufrieden?</h1><p>Ich hatte es versprochen. Also schauen wir hin.</p><p>Der Entwickler bekommen etwas, das er im alten System nie hatte: Geld f&#252;r Innovationen, ohne auf das n&#228;chste passende Projekt warten zu m&#252;ssen. er &#246;ffnet die Wundert&#252;te, wenn die Technologie interessant wird. Nicht erst, wenn ein Projekt es erlaubt.</p><p>Der Controller bekommen etwas, das er im alten System auch nie hatte: Projekte ohne Wundert&#252;te.</p><p>Denn wenn eine Technologie ins Projekt kommt, ist sie verstanden. Keine Schleifen, die niemand geplant hat. Keine &#220;berraschungen, die das Projekt verl&#228;ngern. Keine Terminverschiebungen, die den Business Case auffressen. Und auch keine unerwarteten Mehrkosten.</p><p>Ein gro&#223;er Teil dieses Geldes wurde fr&#252;her &#252;brigens auch ausgegeben. Nur an der teuersten Stelle: in Schleifen mitten im Projekt, wo jede Woche Verzug das ganze Projektteam bindet und teure Doppelarbeit verursacht.</p><p>Das Innovationsbudget ist fix und damit planbar. Die Projekte werden k&#252;rzer und damit berechenbarer. Und der Markteintritt trifft den richtigen Zeitpunkt.</p><p>Damit schlie&#223;t sich der Kreis zum NewPDP.</p><p>Die Predictive Technology Readiness ist kein Nice-to-have. Sie ist die Voraussetzung daf&#252;r, dass die Learning Standard Routines und das Hardware Light Development &#252;berhaupt funktionieren. </p><p>48 Monate ohne Reifegrad-B-Flotte geht nur mit Innovationen, deren Wundert&#252;te schon offen ist.</p><h1>Was nehmen wir heute mit?</h1><ul><li><p><strong>Innovationen, die erst im Projekt bearbeitet werden, machen Projekte langsam und unberechenbar.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Nicht Schnelligkeit entscheidet &#252;ber den Markterfolg, sondern der richtige Zeitpunkt.</strong> Schnelle Projekte brauchen bekannte Inhalte.</p></li><li><p><strong>Das Innovationsbudget ist eine unternehmerische Entscheidung, keine Berechnung.</strong> Seine H&#246;he richtet sich danach, wie innovativ das Unternehmen sein will.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ein kleines, interdisziplin&#228;res Innovationsteam entscheidet im Takt &#252;ber die Verwendung.</strong> Die Innovationen werden aus dem Technologieradar ausgew&#228;hlt.</p></li><li><p><strong>Das Korrektiv ist die Transparenz.</strong> Offene Retrospektiven, in die sich jeder einmischen darf.</p></li><li><p><strong>Predictive hei&#223;t vorbereiten, nicht vorhersagen.</strong> Ein billiges Nein vor dem Projekt ist besser als ein teures Nein mitten im Projekt.</p></li><li><p><strong>PTR ist die Voraussetzung f&#252;r Learning Standard Routines und Hardware Light Development.</strong></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p>Und jetzt bin ich neugierig.</p><p>Wie wird in Ihrem Unternehmen &#252;ber Geld f&#252;r Innovationen entschieden? Gibt es ein festes Budget, oder muss jede Idee ihren eigenen Business Case mitbringen?</p><p>Schreiben Sie es gern in die Kommentare auf Substack. Ich lese jeden einzelnen und antworte darauf.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/prediktive-technologie-untersuchung/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fprediktive-technologie-untersuchung%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>Und wenn Sie vor dieser Transformation stehen und nicht allein da durchgehen wollen, schreiben Sie mir das auch.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p>In den n&#228;chsten Wochen geht es mit den drei Voraussetzungen des NewPDP weiter: F&#252;hrung, Organisation und Architektur. Gerade die Architektur h&#228;ngt eng mit der PTR zusammen. Denn eine reif gewordene Technologie muss sich einsetzen lassen, ohne das ganze Produkt aufzumachen. Wer die ganze Geschichte mitbekommen m&#246;chte, abonniert am besten den Newsletter oder den Podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>War das hilfreich f&#252;r Sie? 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Ready When It Is Needed.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Innovations that only mature inside a project make that project slow and expensive. The mystery box has to be open before the project starts.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/predictive-technology-readiness</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/predictive-technology-readiness</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 07:01:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21QnfP%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F86e9fb77-b8f2-4e15-a565-2e4495827e9e_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Product developers love innovation.</p><p>That&#8217;s part of the job. Otherwise, they wouldn&#8217;t have become product developers. They might have become financial controllers instead.</p><p>And that already sketches the tension this article is about.</p><p>Innovation has one property that makes it unpopular with controllers.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Innovating costs money.</p></div><p>Controllers love money.</p><p>They only let go of it when they are certain that considerably more will come back, and soon. That is called a <strong>positive business case</strong>.</p><p>But innovation has a second property.</p><p>It is a mystery box.</p><p>You only find out what is inside when you open it and look. And the looking is exactly what costs money.</p><p>Which brings us to the heart of the matter.</p><h1>The Mystery Box Gets Opened Too Late</h1><p>If innovation costs money, and controllers only release money for a positive business case, there is exactly one way forward: the innovation has to go into a project.</p><p>Why? Because a project has a defined end. From that day on, money flows back. And there is an estimate of the price the customer is likely to pay.</p><p>With that, a business case can be calculated. If everything adds up, it is positive, and the controller (or the boss) releases the funds.</p><p>So the engineer waits.</p><p>He waits for the next suitable project he can plan his innovation into.</p><p>Then the money arrives, and work begins.</p><p>The trouble is this: only on that day does the mystery box get opened. Very slowly.</p><p>Everyone knows there will be loops. There is learning to do, unforeseen problems to solve, things to try that do not work the first time. So extra time is planned in from the start.</p><p>The product would have been needed sooner. But with an innovation this cool, the thinking goes, customers will forgive a little extra waiting.</p><p>Then I came along with the NewPDP.</p><p>Only 48 months for a completely new vehicle. And no prototype fleet at maturity level B.</p><p>In <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Flearning-standard-routines%3Fr%3D58soro%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Learning Standard Routines</a> I described why a 48-month project allows no loops. In <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhardware-light-development%3Fr%3D58soro%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Hardware Light Development</a>, why the maturity level B fleet disappears.</p><p>In that plan, there is no room for a mystery box that only gets opened inside the project.</p><p>No room for loops. No room for surprises. No buffer planned in just in case.</p><p>For the engineers, the conclusion was obvious: with the NewPDP, they would never be able to develop innovations again.</p><p>That was one more reason they became determined opponents of the NewPDP. And honestly, I cannot blame them. For an engineer, there&#8217;s hardly a worse thought.</p><p>So an alternative had to go on the table.</p><p>That alternative is <strong>Predictive Technology Readiness</strong>, PTR for short.</p><p>And with it, I now had the controllers against me as well as the engineers.</p><p>There is an old German saying: many enemies, much honour.</p><p>I promise you this: in the end, both sides are satisfied. There is innovation. And there is better profitability.</p><h1>It's Not About Speed. It's About Timing.</h1><p>Let&#8217;s look at timing once more.</p><p>It may not be intuitive, but speed is not the deciding factor for market success.</p><p>What decides is the right moment.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>A product has to be on the market exactly when customers need it and are ready to buy it.</p></div><p>Electric trucks show this right now. Large volumes only sell once the charging infrastructure is in place.</p><p>The right moment is set by very different things:</p><ul><li><p>a regulatory deadline that has to be met</p></li><li><p>a customer need that becomes relevant</p></li><li><p>competitors who have caught up or pulled ahead</p></li><li><p>internal pressure on cost or efficiency that becomes urgent</p></li><li><p>new markets or segments that are ready for entry</p></li><li><p>more reasons exist</p></li></ul><p>When these signals become visible varies. But one thing always holds: the closer the moment gets, the more certain you are about what exactly is needed.</p><p>And this is where speed comes back into play after all.</p><blockquote><p>The faster a project can be delivered, the later it can start. And the more certain it is that you build the right thing.</p></blockquote><p>That leads to something uncomfortable.</p><p>When the project starts, the mystery box must already be open. Far enough that you can see exactly what is inside.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>In concrete terms: the innovation has to be understood so well that it can be integrated into a series product in a short time, without loops and without nasty surprises.</p></div><p>It needs sufficient maturity.</p><p><em>Readiness.</em></p><p>Readiness does not fall from the sky. It takes a process.</p><p>And that process is Predictive Technology Readiness.</p><h1>Where Does the Money Come From?</h1><p>Let&#8217;s be clear about what that means.</p><p>Readiness has to be established before the project starts. The mystery box is no longer opened inside the project, but ahead of it.</p><blockquote><p>And opening it costs money. For investigations, tests, calculations, and for the people who do that work.</p><p>That money is needed before there is a project.</p></blockquote><p><em>Before there is a project.</em></p><p>And therefore before there is a business case that could justify it.</p><p>So where is it supposed to come from?</p><p>Controllers will not like the answer at first.</p><p>There is no positive business case that justifies this investment. There cannot be one, because the project that would pay the money back does not exist yet.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>A company that wants to be innovative has to provide a budget for innovation. Without knowing when, or whether, that money will come back.</p><p>That is an entrepreneurial decision.</p></div><p><em>A decision. Not a calculation.</em></p><blockquote><p>The size of the budget above all is a decision with consequences. A company that wants to be highly innovative needs a larger budget than one that deliberately positions itself as a follower.</p></blockquote><p>The biggest hurdle I observed was somewhere else. </p><p>This money is no longer available for other things. </p><p>Things that do have a positive business case, and therefore the better arguments.</p><p>That is exactly why the PTR budget has to be defended. In every budget round, against every project that can show a return.</p><p>Otherwise it melts away. Not in one big decision, but in many small ones, each of them perfectly reasonable on its own.</p><h2>Advanced Engineering Projects: A Step Toward Series Development</h2><p>In my many years in engineering, several of them as head of an advanced engineering department, money for innovation was always approved the same way: for one specific innovation.</p><p>That produced advanced engineering projects. They make sense, and I will give them an article of their own.</p><p>But they do not replace the budget that Predictive Technology Readiness needs.</p><p>The difference is fundamental:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>In an advanced engineering project, the content is fixed and the budget follows. In PTR, the budget is fixed and the content follows.</p></div><p>It is the same reversal I proposed for the Learning Standard Routines. Fix time and money first. Then choose the content to match.</p><p>For certain innovations, especially big ones, an advanced engineering project with its own funding and a fixed target can still make sense. It then serves as a step between PTR and the series project. It should not be confused with PTR. Where it is used, it comes on top.</p><h1>What Is the Money Spent On?</h1><div class="pullquote"><p>The foundation is <strong>technology monitoring</strong>.</p></div><p>That means watching every emerging trend and technology and judging its relevance for your own business.</p><p>Not only the technologies that affect the product. Production technologies too. Anything that could matter to the business belongs on the radar.</p><p>The next step is to assess which investigations would help to classify a technology better. Concrete activities follow from that.</p><p>And with that, the list of what the money should be spent on is in place.</p><p>Now the most important sentence of this section:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The goal is not to finish developing a technology. The goal is to be able to judge it better.</p></div><ul><li><p>What effects can be achieved?</p></li><li><p>What could the concrete benefit look like?</p></li><li><p>What risks are there?</p></li><li><p>What competencies are needed, and do they exist?</p></li><li><p>What will it cost? Both in the product and in development.</p></li></ul><p>These questions only arise while working with the technology. Every answer opens the mystery box a little further.</p><h1>Who Decides?</h1><p>We now have two things. A fixed budget, and a list of tasks that examine technologies for their innovation potential and prepare them for product development.</p><p>That leaves the question: who decides which tasks get priority, and when how much money goes where?</p><blockquote><p>This decision is delicate. Neither too much nor too little investment. Neither too early nor too late in the plan.</p></blockquote><p>Who can judge that?</p><p>The controller? The head of advanced engineering? The head of engineering? The executive board?</p><p>None of them alone.</p><p>The engineer sees the technical potential, but not the market. Sales sees the customer, but not the maturity. The controller sees the cost, but not the opportunity.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>My proposal is therefore a cross-functional <strong>innovation team</strong>.</p></div><p>The team must be neither too large nor too small. Too large, and it becomes a committee that debates instead of deciding. Too small, and it lacks the perspectives a good decision needs.</p><p>It should bring together the viewpoints that determine the right moment: advanced engineering and series development, product management and sales, production.</p><p>And controlling.</p><p>Yes, exactly. The controller has a seat at the table.</p><p>Not as a gatekeeper demanding a business case that cannot exist. But as the person who makes sure the fixed budget is distributed wisely.</p><p>Within the budget, the team decides on its own. It does not need approval for every single activity. That is precisely why the budget is fixed.</p><p>And it does not decide once a year. It decides in the rhythm of the <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation%3Fr%3D58soro%26amp%3Butm_campaign%3Dpost-expanded-share%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Dweb">Drum Beat System</a>. New signals from monitoring and new results from investigations flow straight into the next decision.</p><p>Here we work by the agile principle. </p><ul><li><p>What delivers the biggest gain in insight in the short term? </p></li><li><p>What comes off the list because it promises no significant added value?</p></li></ul><h1>What Keeps the Team Honest?</h1><p>How can we tell whether the decision team is doing good work and making the right calls?</p><p>That is not easy to judge. There are no numbers to calculate it with.</p><p>So the answer to this question also comes from the agile world.</p><p>Regular retrospectives and lessons learned that take an honest look at the work done. </p><p>In public, not behind closed doors. Every employee and every manager can watch how the team works.</p><p>And if there are doubts, talking helps. You may step in, and you should step in, because this is about the company&#8217;s future.</p><p>It is not about delaying decisions or justifying them. It is about taking responsibility for decisions in front of the people who have to live with the consequences. </p><p>And that is every employee, not only the executive board.</p><p>Of course not every employee will engage with the topic in every drum beat. But there is no grumbling after the fact either. </p><p>Whoever is interested gets involved. Whoever does not get involved lives with the consequences, without complaint.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Transparency is the corrective. Everyone may step in. Nobody gets to complain afterwards.</p></div><h1>Why &#8220;Predictive&#8221;?</h1><p>The word &#8220;predictive&#8221; is in the name for a good reason: we cannot know which technology will win.</p><p>That is why we have to act ahead of time. </p><p>The moment a technology shows up on the technology radar, the team decides what the next open question is. That requires a forecast of where the potential of that technology is likely to lie.</p><p>&#8220;Predictive&#8221; does not mean predicting the future. It means preparing for it.</p><p>Just like predictive maintenance. There, too, it is not about prediction the breakdown in order to fix it after the fact. It is about preventing the failure.</p><p>And if a technology turns out to be a dead end? Then it comes off the radar. That is a result too.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>A cheap no before the project is better than an expensive no in the middle of it.</p></div><h1>So Why Is Everyone Satisfied in the End?</h1><p>I made a promise. So let&#8217;s look.</p><p>The engineers get something they never had in the old system: money for innovation, without waiting for the next suitable project. </p><p>They open the mystery box when the technology becomes relevant. Not when a project happens to allow it.</p><p>The controllers get something they never had in the old system either: projects without a mystery box.</p><p>Because when a technology enters a project, it is understood. </p><ul><li><p>No loops nobody planned. </p></li><li><p>No surprises that stretch the project. </p></li><li><p>No schedule slips, no unexpected rise in product costs, nothing that eats up the business case.</p></li></ul><p>Much of this money used to be spent anyway, by the way. Just in the most expensive place: in loops in the middle of the project, where every week of delay ties up the whole project team and causes costly rework.</p><p>The PTR budget is fixed and therefore plannable. </p><p>Projects get shorter and therefore more predictable. </p><p>And market entry hits the right moment.</p><p>That closes the circle back to the NewPDP.</p><p>Predictive Technology Readiness is not a nice-to-have. </p><p>It is the prerequisite for the Learning Standard Routines and Hardware Light Development to work at all. 48 months without a maturity level B fleet only works with innovations whose mystery box is already open.</p><h1>What Do We Take Away Today?</h1><ul><li><p><strong>Innovations that are only worked on inside a project make that project slow and unpredictable.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Market success is decided by timing, not speed.</strong> Fast projects need known content.</p></li><li><p><strong>The innovation budget is an entrepreneurial decision, not a calculation.</strong> Its size is set by how innovative a company wants to be.</p></li><li><p><strong>A small cross-functional innovation team decides on its use, in rhythm.</strong> Innovations are selected from the technology radar.</p></li><li><p><strong>Transparency is the corrective.</strong> Open retrospectives that anyone may step into.</p></li><li><p><strong>Predictive means preparing, not forecasting.</strong> A cheap no before the project beats an expensive no in the middle of it.</p></li><li><p><strong>PTR is the prerequisite for Learning Standard Routines and Hardware Light Development.</strong></p></li></ul><p>And now I&#8217;m curious.</p><p>How are decisions about innovation money made in your company? Is there a fixed budget, or does every idea have to bring its own business case?</p><p>Feel free to write it in the comments on Substack. I read every single one and I reply.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/predictive-technology-readiness/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fpredictive-technology-readiness%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>And if you&#8217;re facing this transformation and don&#8217;t want to start alone, write to me about that too.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p>In the coming weeks I&#8217;ll move on to the three prerequisites of the NewPDP: leadership, organization and architecture. </p><p>Architecture in particular is closely tied to PTR. A technology that has matured has to be deployable without opening up the entire product. </p><p>If you want to follow the whole story, the best way is to subscribe to the newsletter or the podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Found this useful? 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Not long ago I was at the IAA trade show in Hanover and ran into many former colleagues. It was good to see people again with whom I had spent a part of my life and fought many battles side by side.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>But one encounter has stayed with me ever since.</p><p>On the sidelines I overheard a conversation. A few colleagues were discussing how to organize their collaboration better and become more efficient along the way.</p><p>I knew that topic well.</p><p>About five years ago I had worked out a solution to exactly this problem. </p><p>Developed as a team, aligned with everyone affected, documented as a process and filed in the official process database. Presented to management, approved, and the first savings proven.</p><p>I would bet that this process is still valid today. By rights, people should be following it.</p><p>And yet there they were, sitting together and figuring out how it might be done.</p><p>This is not an isolated case. I have seen it again and again.</p><p>Why do processes gather dust? Why are approved ways of working ignored? And why do obvious efficiency gains get left on the table, even when they are badly needed?</p><p>I tried to get to the bottom of it with the 5 Whys.</p><ol><li><p>Why is an approved process not followed? &#8594; Because there is no consequence when it is not applied.</p></li><li><p>Why is there no consequence? &#8594; Because nobody notices.</p></li><li><p>Why does nobody notice? &#8594; Because there is no process owner keeping an eye on it.</p></li><li><p>Why is there no process owner? &#8594; Because nobody makes sure the process landscape is maintained and the responsibilities are actually taken up.</p></li><li><p>And why does nobody make sure of that? &#8594; Because, in the end, management does not care whether the processes are followed or not.</p></li></ol><blockquote><p>Because processes are often seen as bureaucracy. And with bureaucracy, the rule is simple: the less, the better.</p></blockquote><p>That is where the chain ends. Not with the employees, not with the tools, not with the documentation.</p><p>With management.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>A process is not a document you approve once and then file away. It lives only as long as someone is watching, asking questions and noticing deviations. </p></div><p>Without that attention, the process stays valid on paper. In practice, the wheel gets reinvented.</p><p>At great effort. And without anyone knowing the solution has existed all along.</p><p>Are processes really just bureaucracy?</p><p>Are lived processes a good thing? Or is it better if everyone simply works the way they think is right?</p><p>Tell me what you think in the comments. I have a clear position on this, but your view interests me more.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hardware Light Development, ein Zyklus, vier Phasen.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Um Zeit und Geld zu sparen, werden weniger Prototypen gebaut. Die d&#252;rfen aber nicht einfach wegfallen, sondern m&#252;ssen durch virtuelle Prototypen ersetzt werden.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development-de</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development-de</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 07:03:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F215549423%2F7771247a24e9884c4dbbd9767b1e7639.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>LKW-Entwickler lieben Hardware!</p><p>Ich wei&#223; wovon ich spreche, ich war ja immerhin selber einer. Und die Aussage trifft auch auf die Softwareentwickler zu, mit denen ich zusammengearbeitet habe.</p><p>Den Fakt habe ich mit voller Wucht zu sp&#252;ren bekommen, als ich im NewPDP Pilotprojekt keine Reifegrad B Prototypenfahrzeuge eingeplant habe.</p><p>Ich glaube, das hat mich zur unbeliebtesten Person in der gesamten LKW-Entwicklung gemacht. Und aus dem Transformationsprojekt NewPDP wurde &#252;ber Nacht ein Feindbild.</p><p>Vorher war es ein Projekt, bei dem alle mitmachen wollten, um die Zukunft zu erobern. Jetzt war es das Projekt, das man auf das heftigste bek&#228;mpfte.</p><p>Und dabei kam der Widerstand kam nicht von einzelnen Bedenkentr&#228;gern. Er kam aus der Breite der Belegschaft.</p><p>Mit der &#220;berschrift &#8222;Hardware Light Development&#8221; konnte man gut leben. Mit dem Anspruch, mehr zu berechnen, auch.</p><p>Aber die komplette Reifegrad B Prototypenflotte zu streichen, das ging zu weit.</p><p>Die Intensit&#228;t der Reaktion hat mich &#252;berrascht. Im Nachhinein verstehe ich sie.</p><p>Hardware ist konkret, sie ist anfassbar und sie ist brutal ehrlich.</p><p>Was nicht funktioniert, das funktioniert nicht, was nicht da ist, das fehlt und jeder sieht es.</p><p>Sie vermittelt den Eindruck von Effizienz.</p><p>Was auf Anhieb funktioniert, da muss man keine Arbeit mehr reinstecken.</p><p>Und man muss auch nicht erst m&#252;hsam suchen, was nicht funktioniert, man bemerkt es sofort und kann sich gleich darum k&#252;mmern.</p><p>Und dann gibt es ja in der Tat Entwicklungssachverhalte, die heute noch nur empirisch funktionieren, f&#252;r die es einfach noch gar keine Methode gibt, sie im Computer zu erledigen.</p><p>Aber, was ich aber &#252;berhaupt nicht auf dem Schirm hatte, war Folgendes:</p><p>Die Hardware ist ein Hygienefaktor und ein F&#252;hrungsinstrument.</p><p>Einer meiner Projektleiter sagte mir:</p><blockquote><p>Ich brauche die Verf&#252;gbarkeit der Prototypenflotte als Meilenstein, den einfach jeder ernst nehmen muss, weil es unmissverst&#228;ndlich klar ist, wer nicht geliefert hat. Ohne die Reifegrad B Prototypenliefertermine kommen die Entwickler nicht auf den Punkt.</p></blockquote><p>Allerdings hat das einen Preis:</p><p>Die Beschaffung von Hardware kostet sehr viel Zeit und sehr viel Geld. Und beides sind Sachen, die nie in der Menge verf&#252;gbar sind, wie sie f&#252;r so eine Vorgehensweise gebraucht w&#252;rden. Schon heute nicht und in Zukunft erst recht nicht mehr.</p><p>Dass die Realisierung von Reifegrad-Entwicklungsflotten viel Geld kostet, ist unumstritten. Je fr&#252;her im Projekt, desto teurer sind sie. Das ist allen bewusst.</p><p>Aber eine Sache wird oft &#252;bersehen: Viele Entwickler nutzen die Fahrzeuge f&#252;r ihre Entwicklungsarbeit und sind darauf angewiesen, dass die auch funktionieren.</p><p>Es gibt aber nur eine sehr begrenzte Anzahl, eben weil sie so teuer sind. Und auf Anhieb funktionieren die nie!</p><p>Wenn die Fahrzeuge nicht funktionieren, dann pausiert die Entwicklungsarbeit, bis das letzte Problem gel&#246;st ist.<br>Und wenn ein Entwickler nicht rechtzeitig mit seiner Arbeit fertig wird, dann brechen die penibel geplanten Prototypen-Verwendungspl&#228;ne zusammen wie ein Kartenhaus.</p><p>Das nennt man dann gern Volatilit&#228;t. War nicht vorhersehbar.</p><p>Leute, das ist nicht unvorhersehbar, das passiert mit absoluter Sicherheit immer! Das ist eine Eigenschaft dieser Vorgehensweise.</p><p>Und das Ergebnis?</p><p>Es ist nicht nur teuer und verbraucht viel Zeit.</p><p>In der Realit&#228;t wird es immer noch teurer als geplant und verbraucht enorme Ressourcen, um das ungeplante und den dadurch entstehenden Mangel an Geld und Zeit zu verwalten.</p><p>Diese Ineffizienzen k&#246;nnen wir uns zuk&#252;nftig nicht mehr leisten, eigentlich heute schon nicht. Also brauchen wir eine Alternative und die m&#246;chte ich im Folgenden kurz vorstellen:</p><h1>Der universelle 4 Takt Zyklus</h1><p>Wer die bisher ver&#246;ffentlichten Artikel gelesen hat, kennt ihn schon.</p><p>Hier in dieser Arbeitsweise hat er eine besonders zentrale Rolle.</p><p>In der klassischen Fahrzeugentwicklungs-Theorie, so wie sie vom VDA empfohlen wird, durchl&#228;uft das Produkt vier Reifegradstufen, in denen es Schritt f&#252;r Schritt verfeinert wird.</p><p>Aus diesem System kommt die Reifegradnomenklatur, die ich oben benutzt habe.</p><p>Reifegrad B ist die zweite der vier Reifegradphasen (A, B, C, D), die der Verband der deutschen Automobilindustrie f&#252;r die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Fahrzeughersteller und Lieferanten definiert hat. Wenn Sie dar&#252;ber mehr wissen m&#246;chten, dann schreiben Sie es mir in die Kommentare. Ich habe dar&#252;ber schon einen Artikel geschrieben.</p><p>Im NewPDP mache ich aus 4 Zyklen nur einen einzigen, so eine Art Supersprint.</p><p>Doch bevor ich den universellen 4 Takt Zyklus im Einzelnen beschreibe, m&#246;chte ich noch eine Voraussetzung erkl&#228;ren, die wirklich wichtig ist.</p><h2>Virtuelle Prototypen</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Virtuelle Prototypen sind heute eine elit&#228;re Sache.</p></div><p>Nur ausgew&#228;hlte Mitarbeiter verf&#252;gen &#252;ber die Ausbildung, die Zugangsberechtigungen und die IT Programme, um Zugang zu den virtuellen Prototypen zu haben.</p><p>Das muss sich &#228;ndern:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Der Zugang zu virtuellen Prototypen muss allen Mitarbeitern, die im Projekt arbeiten, einfach und vom ersten Tag an m&#246;glich sein.</p></div><blockquote><p>Ich nenne das die Demokratisierung der virtuellen Prototypen.</p></blockquote><p>Daf&#252;r gibt es zwei Gr&#252;nde:</p><ol><li><p>Nur wer die Fahrzeuge sieht und mit ihnen interagieren kann, kann sich eine Meinung bilden, kann seine Untersuchungen anstellen und kann rechtzeitig mit anderen Kollegen kooperieren und sich einbringen. Wer keinen uneingeschr&#228;nkten Zugang zum virtuellen Prototypen hat, ist in seiner Wirksamkeit stark eingeschr&#228;nkt.</p></li><li><p>Wenn alle sehen, was fehlt oder was wie geworden ist, besteht die M&#246;glichkeit, Termindisziplin durchzusetzen und inhaltliche Reviews durchzuf&#252;hren.</p></li></ol><div class="pullquote"><p>Es muss also f&#252;r alle genauso einfach sein, sich die virtuelle Fahrzeugflotte anzusehen, wie in die Werkstatt zu gehen und reale Prototypen zu betrachten.</p></div><p>Daf&#252;r m&#252;ssen Voraussetzungen gegeben sein. Und weil die nicht da waren, habe ich den &#196;rger der Entwickler zu sp&#252;ren bekommen. Mit Recht muss ich heute zugeben.</p><blockquote><p>Diese Demokratisierung der virtuellen Prototypen verlangt eine Struktur und eine IT Ausstattung. Auch das ist Stoff f&#252;r eigene Artikel.</p></blockquote><p>Aber nun gehe ich die 4 Phasen kurz durch:</p><h2>Definition</h2><p>Die erste Phase, die Phase der Definition, stellte in unserer Situation die gr&#246;&#223;te Ver&#228;nderung dar.</p><p>In der Vergangenheit lag der Schwerpunkt der ersten Projektphase darin, den Business Case genehmigt und damit Geld und Mittel freigegeben zu bekommen.</p><p>Die Arbeit an den Inhalten und Konzepten hat sich exklusiv auf diesen Zweck fokussiert.</p><p>War der Business Case genehmigt, begann sofort die Konstruktion und die Zeit bis zum Start der Hardwarebeschaffung war sehr kurz. Man wollte ja so schnell wie m&#246;glich zu Hardwareprototypen kommen.</p><p>Beim NewPDP ist der Business Case nicht das Ende der Definitionsphase, sondern ein Meilenstein mittendrin.</p><blockquote><p>Als allererste Aktivit&#228;t werden die virtuellen Projektfahrzeuge bereitgestellt.</p></blockquote><p>Das sind unfertige Konzeptfahrzeuge.</p><p>Sie beinhalten alte Umf&#228;nge aus dem Vorg&#228;ngerprodukt, die entweder als &#220;bernahmeumfang oder als Ver&#228;nderungsumfang gekennzeichnet sind. Sie beinhalten Platzhalter und Konzeptstudien.</p><p>Alle Projektmitglieder k&#246;nnen vom ersten Tag an die Fahrzeuge sehen und den Entwicklungsstand mit eigenen Augen betrachten.</p><p>Das hei&#223;t, jeder kann sich an seinem Arbeitsplatz auf seinem ganz pers&#246;nlichen Arbeitscomputer die Fahrzeuge anzeigen lassen und aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven betrachten. Idealerweise hilft eine 3D Brille, den Eindruck so realistisch wie m&#246;glich zu gestalten, aber es geht auch ohne.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Die Definitionsphase ist Systems Engineering in Reinform.</p></div><p>Dabei kann man nicht bei null anfangen. Die Ausgangssituation muss vollst&#228;ndig beschrieben sein. Dieses Thema ist definitiv einen eigenen Artikel wert.</p><blockquote><p>Das Definition of Done, also das Ende der Definitionsphase, ist die vollst&#228;ndige Beschreibung aller Schnittstellen und Anforderungen.</p></blockquote><p>Die vollst&#228;ndige, nicht die endg&#252;ltige!</p><p>Die eigentliche Entwicklung startet ja erst, es ist normal und zu erwarten, dass sich dieser Stand mit steigendem Erkenntnisgewinn noch &#228;ndert.</p><p>Das darf aber nicht zu Nachl&#228;ssigkeit f&#252;hren, so nach dem Motto: Das &#228;ndert sich eh nochmal, da kann ich mir sp&#228;ter immer noch Gedanken dazu machen.</p><p>Wenn diese Einstellung vorherrscht, dann wird das System nicht funktionieren.</p><p>Wir werden uns im Detail noch ansehen m&#252;ssen, mit welchen Methoden und Werkzeugen die erforderliche Qualit&#228;t erreicht werden kann.</p><p>In dieser Phase gibt es noch gar keine Hardwareprototypen und trotzdem sind alle Anforderungen und Konzepte beschrieben.</p><p>Achtung: Das bricht mit einer etablierten Einstellung:</p><p>&#8222;Erst m&#252;ssen die Entwickler fertig sein und die Prototypenfahrzeuge auf dem Hof stehen, dann schau ich mir das an und &#252;berlege, wie wir sie produzieren.&#8221;</p><p>Setzen Sie f&#252;r &#8222;produzieren&#8221; gern &#8222;reparieren&#8221;, &#8222;verkaufen&#8221;, &#8222;beschaffen&#8221; usw. ein.</p><p>Nein, Nein, Nein.</p><p>Alle Fachdisziplinen arbeiten gleichzeitig, und das Definition of Done gilt f&#252;r alle!</p><p>Ich denke, nun ist es klar, warum die Demokratisierung der virtuellen Projektfahrzeuge so essentiell wichtig ist.</p><h2>Creation</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Die n&#228;chste Phase ist die L&#246;sungsfindung.</p></div><p>Nachdem alle Anforderungen und Schnittstellen beschrieben sind, kann nun die L&#246;sungsfindung erfolgen.</p><p>Dabei werden Szenarien erstellt, verglichen und L&#246;sungen ausgew&#228;hlt.</p><p>Die Phase hei&#223;t Creation, hier darf jetzt die volle Kreativit&#228;t der Organisation zur Wirkung kommen.</p><p>Wo notwendig d&#252;rfen Schnittstellen und Anforderungen neu verhandelt werden.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Das Definition of Done f&#252;r die Creation Phase ist, dass der zuk&#252;nftige Entwicklungsstand in den virtuellen Prototypen vollst&#228;ndig abgebildet ist und alle Schnittstellen und Anforderungen von den L&#246;sungen erf&#252;llt werden.</p></div><p>Die Zeit, Schnittstellen und Anforderungen zu verhandeln, ist nun zu Ende. Jetzt sind sie wirklich endg&#252;ltig!</p><blockquote><p>Theoretisch ist das neue Produkt jetzt fertig.</p></blockquote><p>Um es nochmal deutlich zu sagen:</p><p>Das betrifft alles! Nicht nur das Produkt, sondern auch die Produktion, Service, Einkauf, you name it. Alle L&#246;sungen liegen auf dem Tisch.</p><blockquote><p>In dieser Phase ist Hardware erlaubt, allerdings nur in dem Ma&#223;e, wie sie nach dem gegenw&#228;rtigen Stand der Technik unverzichtbar ist.</p></blockquote><p>Entwicklungshardware wird dabei zweckentsprechend gebaut.</p><p>Nicht vollst&#228;ndige Projektprototypen, die alle Entwicklungsumf&#228;nge abbilden, sondern Entwicklungstr&#228;ger, die auf den jeweiligen Entwicklungsumfang zugeschnitten sind.</p><p>Das Thema ist kontrovers, denn man versucht intuitiv durch B&#252;ndelung von Umf&#228;ngen Kosten zu sparen.</p><p>Allerdings f&#252;hrt das auch zur Risikob&#252;ndelung. F&#228;llt ein Entwicklungsumfang aus dem Plan, werden weitere Umf&#228;nge mitgerissen.</p><p>Deshalb muss die Planung dieser Entwicklungstr&#228;ger als sehr bewusster Kompromiss zwischen Kosten und Risiko erfolgen.</p><p>Wir haben sie als &#8222;Mules&#8221; bezeichnet: Fahrzeuge aus der laufenden Produktion, die in den relevanten Umf&#228;ngen auf den jeweiligen Entwicklungsumfang umgebaut werden.</p><p>Auch in dieser Phase ist die Verf&#252;gbarkeit und Aktualit&#228;t der virtuellen Projektfahrzeuge erfolgskritisch.</p><blockquote><p>Anders als die Hardware-Mules beinhalten sie immer den kompletten neuen Entwicklungsumfang.</p></blockquote><p>Alle sehen immer alles! Es ist wichtig, work in progress beobachten zu k&#246;nnen, um bei unvorteilhaften Entwicklungsst&#228;nden sofort eine R&#252;ckmeldung zu geben oder ein Gespr&#228;ch suchen zu k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Es ist einfach keine Zeit f&#252;r Doppelarbeit durch zu sp&#228;t erkannte Probleme.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Ist die Creation Phase abgeschlossen, ist das Fahrzeug theoretisch fertig.</p></div><p>Der anstrengende Teil ist geschafft. Nun kommt der teure.</p><p>Und genau darum ist es wichtig, dass der erreichte Entwicklungsstand eine perfekte Reife besitzt.</p><p>Diesen Zeitpunkt vergleiche ich mit dem Zeitpunkt, an dem bei einer Klassenarbeit die Stifte weggelegt und die Zettel eingesammelt werden.</p><p>Jetzt gilt es. Von nun an werden die Fehler angestrichen.</p><h2>Validierung</h2><p>Jetzt wird Geld ausgegeben.</p><p>Hardware wird beschafft, Prototypen werden gebaut und in Betrieb genommen.</p><p>Validierung hei&#223;t hier wirklich validieren, nicht ausprobieren, ob es funktioniert.</p><p>Die Erwartungshaltung ist, dass alles funktioniert und das geplante Validierungsprogramm &#8222;nur noch&#8221; abgespult werden muss.</p><p>Nat&#252;rlich ist das nicht der Fall. W&#228;ren wir wirklich sicher, dann m&#252;ssten wir den Aufwand ja nicht treiben.</p><p>Es werden Probleme entdeckt werden, die nicht vorhergesehen wurden. Die m&#252;ssen nun gel&#246;st werden, damit sie nicht im Kundeneinsatz auftreten.</p><p>Wichtig: Es werden keine weiteren Optimierungen durchgef&#252;hrt. Die definierten Anforderungen bleiben das Ziel.</p><p>Keine zus&#228;tzlichen Risiken durch sp&#228;te Realisierung von neuen Umf&#228;ngen, die nicht mehr ordentlich validiert werden k&#246;nnen.</p><blockquote><p>Das Definition of Done ist die Freigabe, dass das neue Produkt in diesem Zustand in den Markt gebracht werden kann.</p></blockquote><h2>Implementierung</h2><p>W&#228;hrend die Definitions- und die Creation Phase harte Abschlussmeilensteine haben, bei denen das Definition of Done &#252;berpr&#252;ft wird, bevor die n&#228;chste Phase startet, erfolgt der &#220;bergang von der Validierungs- zur Implementierungsphase flie&#223;end.</p><p>Es wird von hinten geplant.</p><p>Implementierungsaktivit&#228;ten werden schon gestartet, bevor die Validierung formal abgeschlossen ist.</p><p>Es gilt: Je sp&#228;ter die Implementierungsaktivit&#228;ten gestartet werden, desto geringer ist das Risiko, dass in der Validierung noch Probleme entdeckt werden, die Konsequenzen f&#252;r die Implementierungsaktivit&#228;ten haben.</p><p>Implementierung bedeutet die echte Umstellung der Produktion auf das neue Produkt, den Verkauf des neuen Produktes an die Kunden und die Ausstattung des Service- und Werkstattnetzes mit Ersatzteilen und Spezialwerkzeugen.</p><blockquote><p>Das Definition of Done ist der Start der Gro&#223;serienproduktion.</p></blockquote><h1>Zur&#252;ck zur Reifegrad B Flotte</h1><p>Gehen wir zur&#252;ck zum Anfang.</p><p>Mein Projektleiter hatte recht. Die Flotte war f&#252;r ihn nicht nur ein Erprobungsmittel, sie war ein F&#252;hrungsinstrument.</p><p>Sie hat unmissverst&#228;ndlich gezeigt, was fehlt, und sie hat einen Termin gesetzt, den jeder ernst nehmen musste.</p><p>Wer diese Flotte streicht, streicht nicht nur Hardware. Er reduziert Transparenz bez&#252;glich Qualit&#228;t und weicht Termindisziplin auf.</p><p>Genau das habe ich getan.</p><p>Der virtuelle Prototyp kann beides &#252;bernehmen. Er zeigt jederzeit, was fehlt, und er tut es fr&#252;her, h&#228;ufiger und f&#252;r alle gleichzeitig.</p><p>Aber nur, wenn ihn auch jeder sehen kann.</p><p>Ohne Demokratisierung der virtuelle Prototyp ist er kein Ersatz, sondern ein Werkzeug f&#252;r Spezialisten. Dann bleibt die Entwicklung intransparent, bis die ersten Fahrzeuge auf dem Hof stehen.</p><p>Mein Fehler war also nicht die Entscheidung gegen die Flotte. Mein Fehler war der Zeitpunkt. Ich habe die Hardware weggenommen, bevor der Ersatz da war.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Der Kern von Hardware Light Development ist nicht Hardware wegzulassen. Es geht darum, sie zu ersetzen.</p></div><h1>Was nehmen wir heute mit?</h1><ul><li><p><strong>Hardwareprototypen sind teuer und verlangsamen das Projekt.</strong> Darum muss ihr Einsatz auf das absolute Minimum reduziert werden.</p></li><li><p><strong>Virtuelle Prototypen sind die bessere Alternative.</strong> Um Hardware ersetzen zu k&#246;nnen, m&#252;ssen die virtuellen Prototypen f&#252;r alle Mitarbeiter einfach zug&#228;nglich sein.</p></li><li><p><strong>Berechnung und Simulation im Computer ersetzen empirische Versuche.</strong> Damit das funktioniert, m&#252;ssen diese Entwicklungswerkzeuge kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt und verbessert werden.</p></li><li><p><strong>Aus vier Reifegradzyklen wird einer.</strong> Der universelle 4 Takt Zyklus wird nur ein einziges Mal durchlaufen, daf&#252;r mit harten Definition of Done Meilensteinen.</p></li></ul><p>Die vier Phasen in Kurzform:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Definition.</strong> Alle Anforderungen und Schnittstellen werden vollst&#228;ndig beschrieben, von allen Fachdisziplinen gleichzeitig. Der Business Case ist dabei ein Meilenstein mittendrin, nicht das Ziel.</p></li><li><p><strong>Creation.</strong> Die Zeit der L&#246;sungsfindung. Am Ende ist der komplette neue Entwicklungsstand im virtuellen Prototypen abgebildet und alle Anforderung sind erf&#252;llt. Hardware gibt es nur als zugeschnittene Entwicklungstr&#228;ger, virtuelle Prototypen sind vollst&#228;ndige Projektfahrzeuge.</p></li><li><p><strong>Validierung.</strong> Jetzt flie&#223;en gro&#223;e Summen ab. Die Prototypen best&#228;tigen den fertigen Stand, sie entwickeln ihn nicht. Es wird nur repariert, was nicht funktioniert. Keine neuen Umf&#228;nge, keine Optimierungen mehr.</p></li><li><p><strong>Implementierung.</strong> Produktion, Verkauf und Service werden auf das neue Produkt umgestellt. Von hinten geplant und so sp&#228;t wie m&#246;glich gestartet, damit Erkenntnisse aus der Validierung nichts umwerfen.</p></li></ul><h1>Zum Schluss</h1><p>Diese Vorgehensweise verlangt etwas, das schwerer zu beschaffen ist als Prototypen. Sie verlangt Vertrauen in etwas, das man nicht anfassen kann.</p><p>Wer &#252;ber Jahrzehnte gelernt hat, dass die Wahrheit auf dem Hof steht, gibt dieses Prinzip nicht auf, weil ein Transformationsprojekt es vorsieht.</p><p>Er gibt es auf, wenn der Ersatz besser ist als das Original. Fr&#252;her verf&#252;gbar, jederzeit sichtbar, f&#252;r alle zug&#228;nglich.</p><p>Diese Voraussetzung muss erf&#252;llt sein, bevor die Flotte gestrichen wird. Nicht danach.</p><p>Das habe ich damals falsch herum gemacht, und ich habe den Preis daf&#252;r bezahlt.</p><div><hr></div><p>Und jetzt bin ich neugierig.</p><p>Wie gehen Sie mit dem Verzicht auf Prototypen um?</p><p>Haben Sie generellen Zugang zu den virtuellen Prototypen, oder ist das eine Sache f&#252;r Spezialisten?</p><p>Schreiben Sie es gern in die Kommentare auf Substack. Ich lese jeden einzelnen und antworte darauf.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development-de/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhardware-light-development-de%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>Und wenn Sie vor dieser Transformation stehen und nicht allein da durchgehen wollen, schreiben Sie mir das auch.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p>In den n&#228;chsten Wochen nehme ich die weiteren Elemente des NewPDP auseinander. Die vollst&#228;ndige Beschreibung der Ausgangssituation und die Methoden der Definitionsphase bekommen dabei eigene Folgen. Wer die ganze Geschichte mitbekommen m&#246;chte, abonniert am besten den Newsletter oder den Podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>War das hilfreich f&#252;r Sie? Dann teilen Sie es gern mit jemandem, der vor demselben Problem steht.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development-de?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhardware-light-development-de%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Wenn Sie glauben, dass eine Kollegin oder ein Kollege davon profitieren w&#252;rde, empfehlen Sie den Newsletter bitte weiter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p>Danke f&#252;rs Zuh&#246;ren. Ich freue mich schon, Sie bei der n&#228;chsten Episode wieder begr&#252;&#223;en zu d&#252;rfen. </p><p>Bis dahin, passen Sie auf sich auf und bleiben Sie innovativ.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Target Is Set Before the Test, Not After]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why acceptance criteria need to be fixed before the first rig run, not once the results are in.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/set-acceptance-criteria</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/set-acceptance-criteria</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 20:38:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21boHO%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21boHO%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!boHO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!boHO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!boHO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!boHO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!boHO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!boHO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d1d055c-d7d9-4b87-97fc-1eac0cf25938_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I have seen this too many times, on the test rig and in the field: the test runs, the first results come in, and only then does someone sit down and decide whether that is good enough.</p><p>That is the wrong order.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>When the acceptance criterion is set after the test, it is no longer the design that gets judged. It is the result already sitting in front of you.</p><p>And a result that already exists has a strange kind of pull. You want it to pass. The parts are built, the deadline is set, no time for rework. So the line slips, a little, with no bad intent anywhere in sight.</p><p>A 2 mm crack near the end of the design life, that is hardly dramatic, the part still carries the load.</p><p>Next time: 10 mm is fine too.</p><p>The time after that, the part has actually failed, but there were only 10,000 load cycles left before the end of its planned life anyway.</p><p>So where exactly is the real acceptance limit?</p><p>Nowhere. As long as you go looking for it at the rig, it keeps moving, one part at a time.</p><p>That is why I draw a line between two numbers, both fixed before the first load cycle ever runs.</p><p>The <strong>design criterion</strong> is the target the part is engineered for. For example: no crack initiation over the full design life.</p><p>The <strong>acceptance criterion</strong> is the hard line that decides pass or fail. For example: after reaching the specified number of load cycles, no crack longer than 10 mm.</p><p>Of course that 10 mm needs its own justification too, why not 5, why not 50. That justification has to be logical and traceable.</p><p>And why two targets at all? Simply because variation and tolerance are built into the world, whether we like it or not. The design criterion describes the bullseye. The acceptance criterion describes the statistical floor.</p><p>Two numbers, not one. And neither gets renegotiated once the part is already on the rig.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hardware Light Development, One Cycle, Four Phases ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Building fewer prototypes saves time and money. But the hardware cannot simply disappear, it has to be replaced.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 07:04:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21Nmu3%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F839f7f7b-5ba4-429b-a0b1-603471dbfec4_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Truck engineers love hardware. </p><p>And that even holds for the software developers I have worked with.</p><p>I fully realized this when I was planning the NewPDP pilot project without prototype vehicles at maturity level B.</p><p>I believe it made me the most unpopular person in engineering. And overnight, the NewPDP transformation project turned into an enemy.</p><p>Before that, it had been the project everybody wanted to join, the project that would conquer the future. Now, this was the project that people fought against with all they had.</p><p>The resistance did not come from a few sceptics. It came from the broad base of the workforce.</p><p>People could live with the headline &#8220;Hardware Light Development&#8221;. They could live with the ambition to calculate and simulate more.</p><p>But cancelling the entire maturity level B prototype fleet, that went too far.</p><p>The intensity of that reaction surprised me at the time. Today I understand it.</p><p>Hardware is concrete, you can touch it, and it is brutally honest.</p><p>What does not work, does not work. What is missing, is missing. And everybody can see it.</p><p>That creates an impression of efficiency. </p><p>Whatever works right away needs no further effort. </p><p>And whatever isn&#8217;t working, you don&#8217;t have to go through the trouble of looking for it&#8212; you notice it right away and can take care of it immediately.</p><p>On top of that, there really are engineering problems that today can only be answered empirically. For some of them, no method exists yet to settle the question in a computer.</p><p>But here is what I had not considered at all:</p><p>Hardware is also a hygiene factor and a management tool.</p><p>One of my project managers put it to me like this:</p><blockquote><p>I need the prototype fleet availability as a milestone that everyone simply has to take seriously, because it is unmistakably clear who has not delivered. Without the maturity level B prototype delivery dates, the engineers never get to the point.</p></blockquote><p>There is a price for that, though.</p><p>Procuring hardware costs a great deal of money and a great deal of time. Neither is ever available in the quantity this way of working would require. Not today, and even less so in the future.</p><p>That maturity level fleets are expensive is undisputed. The earlier in the project, the more expensive they are. Everyone is aware of that.</p><p>But one thing is often overlooked. Many engineers use those vehicles for their own development work and depend on them being operational.</p><p>But, there are only very few of them, precisely because they are so expensive. And they never work right away.</p><p>When the vehicles do not work, development work pauses until the last problem is solved.<br>When one engineer does not finish on time, the meticulously planned prototype allocation plans collapse like a house of cards.</p><p>People like to call that volatility. Nobody could have seen it coming.</p><p>Let me be blunt. This is not unpredictable, it happens with absolute certainty, every single time. It is a property of this way of working.</p><p>The result?</p><p>It is not only expensive and time consuming. </p><p>In reality, it ends up costing even more than planned, and enormous resources are devoted to managing the inevitable deviations from the plan.</p><p>We will not be able to afford these inefficiencies in the future. Strictly speaking, we cannot afford them today. So we need an alternative, and that is what I want to outline now.</p><h1>The Universal 4-Stroke Cycle</h1><p>Anyone who has read the previous articles already knows it.</p><p>In Hardware Light Development it plays a particularly central role.</p><p>In classical vehicle development theory, as recommended by the VDA, a project goes through four stages of maturity during which the product is refined.</p><p>That system is where the maturity level nomenclature I used above comes from.</p><p>Maturity level B is the second of the <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Ffrom-concept-to-bestseller-how-products">four maturity phases (A, B, C, D)</a> that the German Association of the Automotive Industry defines for the cooperation between vehicle manufacturer and supplier. If you would like to know more about that, write it in the comments.</p><p>In the NewPDP I turn those 4 cycles into a single one. A kind of super sprint.</p><p>But before I describe the universal 4-stroke cycle in detail, there is one prerequisite I need to explain, and it really matters.</p><h2>Virtual prototypes</h2><p>Today, virtual prototypes are an elite affair.</p><p>Only selected employees have the training, the access rights and the tools to work with them.</p><p>That has to change.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Access to virtual prototypes has to be easy and available from day one for everyone working in the project.</p></div><blockquote><p>I call that the democratization of virtual prototypes.</p></blockquote><p>There are two reasons for it.</p><ol><li><p>Only someone who can see the vehicles and interact with them can form an opinion, run their own investigations, cooperate with colleagues in time and contribute. Anyone without unrestricted access to the virtual prototype is severely limited in their effectiveness.</p></li><li><p>When everybody can see what is missing and how things have turned out, it becomes possible to enforce schedule discipline and to run content reviews.</p></li></ol><div class="pullquote"><p>Looking at the virtual fleet has to be just as easy for everyone as walking into the workshop and looking at a real prototype.</p></div><p>But certain conditions have to be in place for that. They were not, and that is why I got the anger of the engineers. Rightly so, I have to admit.</p><blockquote><p>This democratization of virtual prototypes requires a structure and an IT setup. That, too, is material for its own articles.</p></blockquote><p>Now let me walk through the 4 phases.</p><h2>Definition</h2><p>The first phase, the definition phase, was the biggest change in our situation.</p><p>In the past, the focus of the first project phase was on getting the business case approved and with it the money and the resources released.</p><p>Work on content and concepts was aimed exclusively at that purpose.</p><p>Once the business case was approved, development started immediately, and the time until the start of hardware procurement was very short. Everybody wanted to get hardware prototypes as quickly as possible.</p><p>In the NewPDP the business case is not the end of the definition phase. It is a milestone in the middle of it.</p><blockquote><p>The very first activity is to provide the virtual project vehicles.</p></blockquote><p>They are unfinished concept vehicles. They contain old scopes from the predecessor product, marked either as carry over or as change scope. They contain placeholders and concept studies.</p><p>From day one, every project member can see vehicles and look at the state of development with their own eyes.</p><p>That means everyone can display the vehicles at their own workplace, on their own computer, and look at them from different perspectives. Ideally a 3D headset makes the impression as realistic as possible, but it also works without one.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The definition phase is systems engineering in its purest form.</p></div><p>For that to be possible, you can&#8217;t start from scratch. The initial situation must be fully described. That topic definitely deserves an article of its own.</p><blockquote><p>The definition of done, meaning the end of the definition phase, is the complete description of all interfaces and requirements.</p></blockquote><p>The complete description, not the final one.</p><p>Actual development is only just starting. It is normal and to be expected that this content changes as knowledge grows.</p><p>But that must not lead to sloppiness, along the lines of: it will change anyway, so I can think about it later.</p><p>Where that attitude prevails, the system will not work.</p><p>We will have to look in detail at the methods and tools that deliver the required quality.</p><p>In this phase there are no hardware prototypes at all, and still every requirement and every concept is described.</p><p>That breaks with an established mindset:</p><p>&#8220;First the engineers have to finish and the prototype vehicles have to be standing in the yard, then I will look at it and work out how we produce them.&#8221;</p><p>Feel free to replace &#8220;produce&#8221; with &#8220;repair,&#8221; &#8220;sell,&#8221; &#8220;procure,&#8221; etc.</p><p>No. No. No.</p><p>All disciplines work at the same time, and the definition of done applies to all of them.</p><p>I think it is clear by now why the democratization of the virtual project vehicles and the system engineering tool chain are so essential.</p><h2>Creation</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>The next phase is about finding solutions.</p></div><p>Once all requirements and interfaces are described, the search for solutions can begin.</p><p>Scenarios are built, compared and selected.</p><p>The phase is called creation, and this is where the full creativity of the organization gets to work.</p><p>Where necessary, interfaces and requirements may be renegotiated.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The definition of done for the creation phase is that the future state of development is fully represented in the virtual prototypes and that every interface and every requirement is met by the solutions.</p></div><p>The time for negotiating interfaces and requirements is now over. Now they really are final.</p><blockquote><p>In theory, the new product is finished at this point.</p></blockquote><p>To say it clearly once more:</p><p>This applies to everything. Not only the product, but also production, service, purchasing, you name it. Every solution is on the table.</p><blockquote><p>Hardware is permitted at this stage, but only to the extent that it is indispensable according to the current state of the art.</p></blockquote><p>Development hardware is built for its purpose.</p><p>Not complete project prototypes representing every development scope, but development carriers tailored to the specific scope they serve.</p><p>The topic is controversial, because the intuitive move is to bundle scopes and save cost.</p><p>But bundling scopes also bundles risk. If one development scope falls out of plan, it drags others down with it.</p><p>That is why planning these development carriers has to be a very deliberate compromise between cost and risk.</p><p>We called them &#8220;mules&#8221;. Vehicles from running production, rebuilt in the relevant areas to the new state of development.</p><p>In this phase, too, the availability of the virtual project vehicles is critical to success.</p><blockquote><p>Unlike the hardware mules, they always contain the complete new development scope.</p></blockquote><p>Everybody sees everything, all the time. It matters that work in progress can be observed, so that an unfavourable state of development gets immediate feedback or a conversation.</p><p>There is simply no time for rework caused by problems recognized too late.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>When the creation phase is finished, the vehicle is theoretically complete.</p></div><p>The exhausting part is done. Now comes the expensive part.</p><p>And that is exactly why the state of development reached here has to be perfectly mature.</p><p>I compare this moment to the moment in a school exam when the pens go down and the papers are collected.</p><p>This is it. From now on, the mistakes get marked in red.</p><h2>Validation</h2><p>Now the money goes out.</p><p>Hardware is procured, prototypes are built and put into operation.</p><p>Validation here really means validating, not testing whether it works.</p><p>The expectation is that everything works and that the planned validation programme &#8220;only&#8221; has to be run through.</p><p>Of course that is not the case. If we were truly certain, we would not need to make the effort at all.</p><p>Problems will be discovered that nobody anticipated. They now have to be solved so they never reach the customer.</p><p>One thing is important. No further optimizations are carried out. The requirements defined earlier remain the goal.</p><p>No additional risk through late introduction of new scopes that can no longer be properly validated.</p><blockquote><p>The definition of done is the release confirming that the new product can go to market in this condition.</p></blockquote><h2>Implementation</h2><p>The definition and creation phases have hard closing milestones where the definition of done is checked before the next phase starts. The transition from validation to implementation, by contrast, is fluid.</p><p>It is planned backwards.</p><p>Implementation activities start before validation is formally complete.</p><p>So the rule is this: The later the implementation activities start, the lower the risk of discovering problems in validation that have consequences for those activities.</p><p>Implementation means the real changeover: production switching to the new product, the new product being sold to customers, and the service and workshop network being equipped with spare parts and special tools.</p><blockquote><p>The definition of done is the start of volume production.</p></blockquote><h1>Back to the maturity level B fleet</h1><p>Let&#8217;s go back to the beginning.</p><p>My project manager was right. For him the fleet was not only a means of testing, it was his management tool. It did two things no status report does. It showed unmistakably what was missing, and it set a date everyone had to take seriously.</p><p>Whoever cancels that fleet does not only cancel hardware. He cancels honesty and he cancels schedule discipline.</p><p>That is exactly what I did.</p><p>The virtual prototype can take over both. It shows at any time what is missing, and it does so earlier, more often and for everyone at once.</p><p>But only if everyone can actually see it.</p><p>Without democratization the virtual prototype is not a replacement, it is a tool for specialists. And then development stays blind until the first vehicles are standing in the yard.</p><p>So my mistake was not the decision against the fleet. My mistake was the timing. I took the hardware away before the replacement was there.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>That is the core of Hardware Light Development. It is not about leaving hardware out. It is about replacing it.</p></div><h1>What do we take away today?</h1><ul><li><p><strong>Hardware prototypes are expensive and slow down the project.</strong> Which is why its use has to be reduced to the absolute minimum.</p></li><li><p><strong>Virtual prototypes are the better alternative.</strong> To replace hardware, they have to be easily accessible for every employee.</p></li><li><p><strong>Calculation and simulation replace empirical testing.</strong> For that to work, these engineering tools have to be developed and improved continuously.</p></li><li><p><strong>Four maturity cycles become one.</strong> The universal 4-stroke cycle is run through a single time, but with hard definition of done milestones.</p></li></ul><p>The four phases in short:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Definition.</strong> All requirements and interfaces are described completely, by all disciplines at the same time and without a single piece of hardware. The business case is a milestone in the middle, not the goal.</p></li><li><p><strong>Creation.</strong> The time for finding solutions. At the end, the complete new state of development is represented in the virtual prototype and every requirement is met. Hardware only as a tailored development carrier, never as a complete project vehicle.</p></li><li><p><strong>Validation.</strong> Now large sums of money are flowing out. The prototypes confirm a finished state, they do not develop it. No new scopes, no more optimization.</p></li><li><p><strong>Implementation.</strong> Production, sales and service switch to the new product. Planned backwards and started as late as possible, so findings from validation cannot overturn anything.</p></li></ul><h1>In closing</h1><p>This way of working demands something that is harder to procure than prototypes. It demands trust in something you cannot touch.</p><p>Someone who has learned over decades that the truth is standing in the yard does not give up that principle because a transformation project says so.</p><p>They give it up when the replacement is better than the original. Available earlier, visible at any time, accessible to everyone.</p><p>This prerequisite must be met before the fleet is removed, not afterward.</p><p>I did it the other way round, and I paid the price for it.</p><p>And now I&#8217;m curious.</p><p>How do you handle doing without prototypes?</p><p>Do you have general access to the virtual prototypes, or is that a matter for specialists?</p><p>Feel free to write it in the comments on Substack. I read every single one and I reply.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/hardware-light-development/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fhardware-light-development%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p></p><p>And if you&#8217;re facing this transformation and don&#8217;t want to start alone, write to me about that too.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p></p><p>In the coming weeks I&#8217;ll be taking apart the remaining elements of the NewPDP. The complete description of the starting situation and the methods of the definition phase will get episodes of their own. If you want to follow the whole story, the best way is to subscribe to the newsletter or the podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>Found this useful? 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It seems to have become fashionable: you let an AI summarize a text and save yourself the time it would take to read it.</p><p>This is celebrated as brilliant efficiency.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>I see it differently.</p><p>I have a confession to make: I may not be entirely normal.</p><p>I cannot put a text aside until I feel I have truly understood it.</p><p>It is a quirk of mine and it costs me a lot of time. But it may also be the reason people have generally seen me as competent and capable.</p><p>That is why there is one thing I never do: I don&#8217;t have an AI summarize other people&#8217;s texts for me.</p><p>I do read summaries, though. I always have, long before generative AI existed.</p><p>To me, a summary is an extended table of contents. Nothing more.</p><p>It tells me what a text is about.</p><p>Then I decide:</p><ul><li><p>Is the content worth the effort of understanding it?</p></li><li><p>Am I interested in the topic at all?</p></li><li><p>Or is it simply not what I am looking for?</p></li></ul><p>And that is exactly what I expect from the author: a summary of what the text describes. That is the author&#8217;s job, not mine.</p><p>Whether the author writes it with or without AI makes no difference to me. But I am not going to take over the author&#8217;s job.</p><p>A summary helps me decide whether to read. It cannot do the reading for me.</p><p>Not every text needs a summary, of course.</p><p>A book? Absolutely.</p><p>Meeting minutes? Definitely not. Minutes are a record of decisions. There is nothing to understand.</p><p>A blog post or a newspaper article? No need either. An experienced reader skims it first and knows whether it deserves a proper read.</p><p>Reading is learning.</p><p>Understanding happens along the way. While working through the text, stumbling, flipping back, at the point where something doesn&#8217;t add up and you start again from the beginning. While reflecting and holding it up against your own experience and conclusions.</p><p>No summary can do that for you.</p><p>And if a summary really could replace the text, why does the long text exist at all? Why would anyone take the trouble to write it?</p><p>Perhaps the author circled the topic for pages without ever getting to the point. Then the summary is questionable too, because the author was evidently never clear about it, right up to the last page.</p><p>A seasoned colleague I hold in high regard once gave me a motto, and I have made it my own:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Replace belief with knowledge.</em></p></div><p>That is why I read.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Learning Standard Routines, in drei Schritten zu Perfektion]]></title><description><![CDATA[Die zweite Arbeitsweise des NewPDP. Erst der Standard, dann die Automatisierung. Was erledigt werden muss, bevor ein KI-Agent die Arbeit &#252;bernehmen kann.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/lernende-standard-routinen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/lernende-standard-routinen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 07:02:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F213926754%2Fefb6dd84a8d258c1eaac29daca30f604.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Der Auftrag an mich war klar und pr&#228;zise:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#8222;Andere entwickeln komplett neue Fahrzeuge in 48 Monaten. Finde heraus, wie das geht, und f&#252;hre es bei uns ein.&#8221;</p></div><p>Die Zeitvorgabe kam von einer gro&#223;en Management-Beratung, die dazu umfangreiche Benchmark-Untersuchungen angestellt hatte. Da war Substanz dahinter, das war keine hei&#223;e Luft.</p><p>Als ich mich in die Materie eingearbeitet hatte, kam ich zu einer Erkenntnis, die mich selbst &#252;berrascht hat.</p><blockquote><p>Um ein komplett neues Fahrzeug in 48 Monaten zu entwickeln, gibt es genau eine m&#246;gliche Vorgehensweise.</p></blockquote><p>Eine einzige!</p><p>Ich habe die harten Zeitspannen f&#252;r Aktivit&#228;ten, die sich nicht verk&#252;rzen lassen, mit sinnvollen Zeitspannen f&#252;r die flexiblen Aktivit&#228;ten kombiniert. Was dabei herauskommt, ist ein Plan, der nur in Wochen Ermessensspielraum zul&#228;sst.</p><p>Hei&#223;t das, dass jedes Entwicklungsprojekt 48 Monate dauern muss?</p><p>Nat&#252;rlich nicht. Bei Funktionsupgrades, Modellpflegen und kleineren Entwicklungsumf&#228;ngen sind k&#252;rzere Projekte durchaus machbar.</p><p>Aus dieser Erkenntnis heraus entstand ein grundlegender Wandel in der Vorgehensweise, wie Projekte geplant werden sollten.</p><ol><li><p>In der Vergangenheit legten wir zuerst den Entwicklungsumfang fest.</p></li><li><p>Darauf basierend wurde die Vorgehensweise geplant, und Zeit und Kosten wurden bestimmt.</p></li><li><p>Und weil nie genug Geld oder Zeit da war, wurde an den Details herumgedoktert, bis ein scheinbar tragbarer Kompromiss herauskam, der dann beschlossen wurde.</p></li></ol><p>Das Ergebnis:</p><p>Jedes Projekt war anders. Jedes Projekt war ein Unikat.</p><p>F&#252;r die Zukunft schlage ich folgende Herangehensweise vor:</p><h1>Nicht der Inhalt definiert das Projekt, sondern die Zeit</h1><p>Was w&#252;rde passieren, wenn wir es umdrehen? Wenn wir zuerst Zeit und Geld festlegen und den Inhalt dazu passend ausw&#228;hlen?</p><p>Und was w&#252;rde passieren, wenn dabei nicht jedes Mal ein neues Szenario entst&#252;nde, sondern wenn es standardisierte Vorlagen g&#228;be, die immer wieder angewendet und gezielt durch Lessons Learned verbessert w&#252;rden?</p><p>Die Vorteile sind schwer von der Hand zu weisen.</p><ul><li><p>Die Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeit sinkt mit jedem Durchlauf.</p></li><li><p>Die Liefertreu steigt mit jedem Durchlauf.</p></li><li><p>Der realisierbare Inhalt steigt von Projekt zu Projekt an.</p></li></ul><p>Warum?</p><ul><li><p>Mitarbeiter sammeln Erfahrung und wenden diese im n&#228;chsten Projekt sofort an.</p></li><li><p>Strukturen und Muster werden sichtbar und damit verbesserbar.</p></li><li><p>Der Zeitplan wird nicht mehr verhandelt, sondern nur noch angewendet. Schon das allein spart Zeit und setzt Ressourcen frei.</p></li></ul><h1>Die Revolution: standardisierte Abl&#228;ufe statt Freestyle Planning</h1><p>Wer an dieser Stelle denkt, ich h&#228;tte die Zeichen der Zeit nicht erkannt, den bitte ich um etwas Geduld. Ich breche nicht mit den agilen Prinzipien. Ich kombiniere sie mit klassischen Prinzipien, so dass ein hybrides System entsteht.</p><p>Schauen wir uns das ganze System einmal im Zusammenhang an.</p><p>Die Learning Standard Routines sind die zweite Arbeitsweise im NewPDP. Sie bauen auf dem Drum Beat System auf.</p><p>Lernend hei&#223;t hier nicht, dass die Routine selbst denkt. Es hei&#223;t, dass sie nach jeder Wiederholung kontinuierlich verbessert wird.</p><p>Das Motto lautet:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Fokus schafft Professionalit&#228;t.</p></div><p>Das Grundprinzip besteht in einer zweigeteilten Vorgehensweise:</p><ol><li><p>Alles, was volatil, unvorhersehbar oder unvorhergesehen ist, wird kurzzyklisch geplant und auf die konkrete Situation bezogen entschieden.</p></li><li><p>Alles, was stabil und wiederholbar ist, wird standardisiert, kontinuierlich verbessert und von Spezialisten erledigt.</p></li></ol><blockquote><p>Damit arbeiten wir bedarfsgerecht. </p></blockquote><p>Wo Volatilit&#228;t besteht, reagieren wir agil auf die Situation. </p><p>Wo stabile Verh&#228;ltnisse herrschen, verlassen wir uns auf die lernenden Standardroutinen.</p><p>Die lernenden Standardroutinen selbst laufen auf drei Ebenen.</p><p>Die erste tr&#228;gt den Philosophiewandel. Die zweite verbindet die erste und die dritte. Die dritte erzeugt den eigentlichen Nutzen und ist entscheidend f&#252;r den erfolgreichen Einsatz von KI.</p><h2>Ebene 1: Projekt- und ITEM-Templates</h2><p>Hier komme ich auf den 48-Monats-Plan zur&#252;ck.</p><p>Denn wenn es f&#252;r einen bestimmten Entwicklungsablauf in einem vorbestimmten Zeitraum nur eine sinnvolle Vorgehensweise gibt, dann kann man sie aufschreiben und jedes Mal wieder anwenden.</p><p>Ist der Umfang kleiner, geht es schneller. Auch das kann man aufschreiben.</p><p>Ich habe deshalb vorgeschlagen, neben dem 48-Monats-Template auch eines f&#252;r 36, f&#252;r 24 und f&#252;r 12 Monate zu erstellen.</p><p>Sind das alle?</p><p>Das wei&#223; ich nicht. Ich &#252;berlasse es dem lernenden System, das herauszufinden. Wichtig ist nicht die Anzahl. Wichtig ist, diese Vorgehensweisen immer wieder anzuwenden und gezielt weiterzuentwickeln.</p><p>In der Konsequenz entsteht ein Katalog an Projekttemplates, aus dem jeweils das passende ausgew&#228;hlt wird.</p><p>In diesen Templates ist dabei nicht, wie in unseren heutigen Masterpl&#228;nen, alles bis ins letzte Detail vorgeschrieben.</p><p>Sie folgen dem Grundsatz, den ich schon beim Drum Beat System angewendet und interpretiert habe. Er stammt von Helmuth von Moltke:</p><blockquote><p>&#8222;Ein Befehl soll alles enthalten, was der Untergebene zur selbst&#228;ndigen Erreichung eines Zieles wissen muss, und nichts weiter.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>&#220;bertragen auf unsere Arbeit liest er sich so:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Ein Template enth&#228;lt alles, was die Projektmitglieder zum Erreichen der gegebenen Zeitvorgabe wissen m&#252;ssen. Aber auch nur das.</em></p></div><p>Die Feinplanung passiert dort, wo sie hingeh&#246;rt: situationsabh&#228;ngig, im Rhythmus von Drum Beat und ToDo.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Ein Template ist also kein fertiger Plan. Es ist eine Struktur, ein Gerippe, das sich mit den unterschiedlichsten Inhalten f&#252;llen l&#228;sst.</p></div><h2>Ebene 2: standardisierte Prozesse</h2><p>Diese Ebene geht tiefer.</p><p>Hier werden standardisierbare Prozesse aus den Projekt- und ITEM-Templates herausgel&#246;st und eigenst&#228;ndig gepflegt.</p><p>Es gibt immer Abl&#228;ufe, die sich standardisieren lassen.</p><ul><li><p>Wie die Beschaffung von Prototypenteilen abl&#228;uft.</p></li><li><p>Wie ein konkreter Test durchgef&#252;hrt wird.</p></li><li><p>Wie eine FMEA gemacht wird.</p></li><li><p>Wie das Kostencontrolling arbeitet.</p></li></ul><p>Die Liste ist lang, und sie ist unspektakul&#228;r. Nichts davon gewinnt einen Innovationspreis.</p><p>Aber genau darum geht es. Keine unn&#246;tigen Risiken eingehen und keine unn&#246;tige Komplexit&#228;t schaffen!</p><p>An dieser Stelle kommt berechtigterweise der Einwand: Das machen wir doch schon lange so.</p><p>Zum Teil stimmt das. Der Unterschied liegt im Detail.<br>Viele Prozesse sind heute schon dokumentiert und zur Anwendung verpflichtend vorgeschrieben.</p><p>Werden sie aber auch als Standard konsequent angewandt und weiterentwickelt?</p><p>Wenn ja, dann ist alles gut.</p><p>Wenn nicht, was ich h&#228;ufig beobachte, dann m&#252;ssen wir uns darum k&#252;mmern.</p><p>Das passiert nicht, weil die Leute den Chef &#228;rgern wollen. Es gibt Ursachen, die analysiert und beseitigt werden m&#252;ssen.</p><p>Erst wenn ein Ablauf beschrieben und als Standard konsequent implementiert ist, treten die Effekte zutage, die wir brauchen, um mehr zu entwickeln, ohne mehr zu brauchen. So wie es das Motto des NewPDP ja aussagt.</p><p>Woher wei&#223; man nun, was auf diese Ebene geh&#246;rt und was nicht?</p><p>Ein Ablauf geh&#246;rt in die Standardroutinen, wenn zwei Kriterien zutreffen:</p><ol><li><p>Er tritt <strong>wiederholt</strong> auf.</p></li><li><p>Sein <strong>Umfeld ist stabil</strong> genug, dass Flexibilit&#228;t in der Vorgehensweise keinen Nutzen bringt.</p></li></ol><p>Fehlt eine der beiden Bedingungen, geh&#246;rt er ins Drum Beat System und wird pro Drum Beat flexibel geplant.</p><p>Das ist die Grenzlinie zum Agilen.</p><p>Agil standardisiert den Meta-Prozess und l&#228;sst den Fachprozess bewusst offen.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>In der Mechatronik sind viele Fachprozesse aber wiederholbar, und sie jedes Mal neu zu erfinden, ist keine Anpassungsf&#228;higkeit. Es ist Verschwendung.</p></div><p>Der Standard steht der Verbesserung dabei nicht im Weg. Bei Toyota hei&#223;t es:</p><blockquote><p>Ohne Standard kein KVP.</p></blockquote><p>Ohne Bezugspunkt l&#228;sst sich gar nicht messen, ob etwas besser geworden ist.</p><p>Bitte nicht verwechseln: Standardroutine hei&#223;t nicht ein f&#252;r allemal festgelegt. Es hei&#223;t, dass der aktuelle Standard verbindlich angewandt wird. Aber dieser Standard unterliegt einer Evolution durch kontinuierliche Verbesserung.</p><p>Und diese Verbesserung erfolgt durch diejenigen, die mit ihm arbeiten, denn nur sie wissen, wo Verbesserungspotentiale bestehen.</p><h2>Ebene 3: zugeordnete Experten</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Diese Ebene besteht darin, Gruppen von Experten zu bilden, die ausschlie&#223;lich f&#252;r einen oder mehrere dieser standardisierten Prozesse eingesetzt werden.</p></div><p>Idealerweise geb&#252;ndelt in eigenen Organisationseinheiten.</p><p>Das ist die ultimative Form einer sich selbst verbessernden Standardroutine.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Diese Mitarbeiter werden durch permanente Wiederholung unschlagbar effizient auf ihrem Gebiet.</p></div><p>Ich vergleiche es mit Sportlern, die in einer Disziplin trainieren und Wettk&#228;mpfe bestreiten. Von einem Allrounder sind sie nicht zu schlagen.</p><p>Und hier komme ich zu einem Punkt, der mir wichtig ist.</p><p>Diese Ebene macht eine Fehlentwicklung r&#252;ckg&#228;ngig, die ich seit Jahren beobachte.</p><p>Expertengruppen werden abgebaut, um Personal zu sparen.</p><ul><li><p>Der Prototypeneinkauf wird aufgel&#246;st.</p></li><li><p>Die Planungsexpertengruppe gibt es nicht mehr.</p></li><li><p>Das Projektmanagementoffice muss seinen Mehrwert in Euros ausrechnen, und weil das nicht gelingt, wird es abgeschafft.</p></li><li><p>Die Leute, die das Kostencontrolling gemacht haben, sind weg oder machen inzwischen etwas anderes.</p></li></ul><p>Und dann?</p><p>Dann macht die Arbeit derjenige selbst, der das Ergebnis braucht.</p><p>Was dabei &#252;bersehen wird, ist denkbar einfach:</p><blockquote><p>Die Stelle ist weg. Die Arbeit ist es nicht.</p></blockquote><p>Sie ist nur nicht mehr sichtbar.</p><p>Sie sitzt jetzt, zum Beispiel beim gut bezahlten Entwickler, der zum ersten Mal seit anderthalb Jahren wieder ein Prototypenteil beschafft. Er kennt den Ablauf nicht mehr. Er sucht das Formular. Er ruft drei Leute an. Er w&#228;hlt den falschen Lieferanten und merkt es erst Wochen sp&#228;ter, wenn der Lieferant seine Termine nicht einh&#228;lt.</p><p>Er ist kein schlechter Mitarbeiter. Er ist auf diesem Gebiet Laie.</p><p>Laien brauchen l&#228;nger und machen mehr Fehler. Das ist keine Kritik an einer Person. Das ist eine Konsequenz von fehlender Erfahrung.</p><p>Kosten wurden scheinbar gesenkt, die Einsparung steht im Stellenplan. Sie ist eine Zahl, die berichtet werden kann.</p><p>Der Mehraufwand steht nirgends. Er verteilt sich in Stunden und halben Tagen auf hunderte Leute und taucht in keinem Budget auf.</p><p><em>Nirgends.</em></p><p>Nur reicht auf merkw&#252;rdige Weise das geplante Projektbudget nie aus, und Termine sind auch mehr Empfehlung als Fakt.</p><p>Deshalb sieht diese Ma&#223;nahme auf dem Papier immer gut aus. Und deshalb laufen Projekte so holprig.</p><p>Die dritte Ebene dreht das um. Sie holt die Arbeit dorthin zur&#252;ck, wo sie effizient erledigt wird, und macht sie damit auch wieder sichtbar.</p><p>Das ist keine neue Idee. Es ist die R&#252;cknahme einer alten Fehlentscheidung.</p><p>Ein Einwand kommt an dieser Stelle allerdings h&#228;ufig: Was passiert, wenn gerade nicht genug Arbeit da ist, um die Leute auszulasten?</p><p>Kein Problem, dann helfen sie woanders aus! Sie sind und bleiben Teil des Teams, aber sie haben eine klar definierte Priorit&#228;t. F&#252;r sie hat ihr Expertengesch&#228;ft Vorrang vor anderen Aufgaben.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Die Zuordnung der Mitarbeiter <strong>erzeugt</strong> die Verbesserung. Das Prozessdokument <strong>sichert</strong> sie ab. Das Wissen entsteht in den K&#246;pfen und landet im Computer, zug&#228;nglich f&#252;r Wissenstransfer und kontinuierliche Verbesserung.</p></div><p>Keine der beiden H&#228;lften funktioniert allein.</p><h1>Und die KI?</h1><p>Das war bis hierher alles recht yesterday.</p><p>Das h&#228;tte man eigentlich schon lange so machen k&#246;nnen. Man braucht daf&#252;r keine Technologierevolution.</p><p>Und trotzdem spielt die KI eine ganz entscheidende Rolle, wenn wir das volle Potential freisetzen wollen.</p><p>Also, wie kann uns k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz dabei helfen?</p><p>Eigentlich ist es andersherum.</p><p>Nicht die KI hilft den lernenden Standardroutinen.</p><p>Die lernenden Standardroutinen schaffen die Voraussetzung daf&#252;r, dass eine KI so etwas eines Tages allein &#252;bernehmen kann.</p><p>Wenn es einmal so weit ist, dann sind wir in der n&#228;chsten &#196;ra von Produktentwicklung angekommen.</p><p>Aber noch stecken wir mitten in der Transformation, und da hilft uns Standardisierung bei der Automatisierung und Virtualisierung.</p><p>Ich sehe zwei Schwerpunkte der KI-Anwendung, die schon heute erhebliche Effizienzen erm&#246;glichen.</p><h2>Der KI-Assistent</h2><p>Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie fragen Ihren KI-Assistenten:</p><p>Welches Template passt f&#252;r diesen Fall am besten?<br>Welche Entwicklungsumf&#228;nge passen dazu?</p><p>Gibt es einen Standardprozess, den wir anwenden m&#252;ssen? Und wie sieht er aus?</p><p>Das heutige Problem, dass niemand mehr durch die Vielzahl an Pl&#228;nen und Prozessen durchsieht und die M&#252;he des Suchens scheut, ist damit erledigt.</p><p>Eine Ursache daf&#252;r, dass dokumentierte Prozesse heute manchmal nicht befolgt werden, liegt darin, dass es einfacher ist, irgendwas zu machen, als sich m&#252;hsam die definierte Vorgehensweise herauszusuchen, zu verstehen und zu lernen. Wenn dem so ist, dann machen die Leute eben auch das Einfachere.</p><p>Und man kann es noch nicht mal jemandem &#252;bel nehmen, denn wir wollen ja schnell sein.</p><p>Der KI-Assistent macht es einfacher, die Standardroutinen anzuwenden und damit die positiven Effekte zu realisieren.</p><p>Ohne die Standardroutinen w&#252;rde dem KI Assistenten die Datenbasis fehlen, um diese wertvolle Unterst&#252;tzung leisten zu k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Und das Lernen funktioniert genauso.</p><p>Fragen wir die KI:</p><p>Wo hat es dieses Mal geklemmt, und wie k&#246;nnte es k&#252;nftig besser gehen?</p><p>Ob die Antwort sofort sitzt oder noch nachgesch&#228;rft werden muss, ist zweitrangig. Wir kommen schneller zu einem Ergebnis als vor einem leeren Blatt.</p><blockquote><p>Das ist der eigentliche Hebel. Lessons Learned scheitern selten am Willen. Sie scheitern daran, dass am Projektende niemand mehr Zeit investiert.</p></blockquote><h2>Der KI-Agent</h2><p>Ein Ablauf, der als Standard dokumentiert ist, immer gleich abl&#228;uft und einer festen Gruppe geh&#246;rt, erf&#252;llt genau die Bedingungen, unter denen ein KI-Agent ihn ausf&#252;hren kann.</p><p>Es ist realistisch, dass wir Routinen finden, die ein KI-Agent vollst&#228;ndig &#252;bernehmen kann.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Damit ist die Reihenfolge klar. Erst der Standard, dann die Automatisierung.</p></div><p>Wer es umgekehrt versucht, automatisiert das Chaos.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Was nehmen wir heute mit?</h1><p>Hinter den drei Ebenen stehen zwei Wirkprinzipien.</p><p><strong>Standardisierung erm&#246;glicht Verbesserung.</strong> Ohne Standard kein KVP. Was jedes Mal neu erfunden wird, wird nicht besser. Es wird nur anders.</p><p><strong>Fokus schafft Professionalit&#228;t.</strong> Wer dieselbe Aufgabe immer wieder erledigt, wird darin unschlagbar. Daraus entstehen Qualit&#228;t und Effizienz.</p><p>Die drei Ebenen setzen diese beiden Prinzipien um.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ebene 1, die Templates.</strong> Nicht der Inhalt definiert das Projekt, sondern die Zeit. ITEM-Templates dienen als Blaupause, welche mit passenden Inhalten gef&#252;llt werden. Ein Template ist dabei ein Gerippe, kein Masterplan. Auf dieser Ebene wird der Projektablauf selbst wiederholbar und damit verbesserbar.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ebene 2, die standardisierten Prozesse.</strong> Ein standardisierter Ablauf wird definiert und angewandt, wenn er sich wiederholt und sein Umfeld stabil ist. Der dokumentierte Standard ist nicht das Ziel an sich. Ziel sind Effizienz und messbare Verbesserung.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ebene 3, die zugeordneten Experten.</strong> Hier entsteht die Verbesserung wirklich, denn sie entsteht in K&#246;pfen. Die dauerhafte Zuordnung derselben Gruppe zu derselben Aufgabe erzeugt sie. Das Prozessdokument sichert sie ab.</p></li></ul><p>Lernende Standardroutinen sind die Basis f&#252;r die wirkungsvolle Nutzung von KI.</p><p>KI-Assistenten unterst&#252;tzen dabei, die Effekte der Standardroutinen zu optimieren.<br>KI-Agenten k&#246;nnen Expertenarbeit &#252;bernehmen, wenn sie gr&#252;ndlich strukturiert und dokumentiert ist.</p><h1>Zum Schluss</h1><p>Es braucht viel Hartn&#228;ckigkeit, die lernenden Standardroutinen im Tagesgesch&#228;ft zu implementieren.</p><p>Es ist nicht neu und doch unbequem. Es ist nicht innovativ, aber es braucht eiserne Disziplin.</p><p>Das sind Eigenschaften, die eine Implementierung extrem schwierig machen.<br>Menschen sind f&#252;r Neues leichter zu begeistern als f&#252;r vermeintlich Triviales, und Disziplin ist eh nicht sehr popul&#228;r. Der Drang nach Selbstbestimmtheit und Individualismus pr&#228;gt unsere Zeit, und genau das scheinen die lernenden Standardroutinen nicht zu verk&#246;rpern.</p><p>Aber das &#228;ndert nichts an der Tatsache, dass sie, richtig eingesetzt, f&#252;r den zuk&#252;nftigen Erfolg unverzichtbar sein werden.</p><p>KI hat keinen Anspruch auf Selbstbestimmtheit und Individualismus, ganz im Gegenteil, sie braucht Daten und Muster, um arbeiten zu k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Also werden wir uns durch diese Transformation arbeiten m&#252;ssen. Schritt f&#252;r Schritt, bis die KI uns alle lernenden Standardroutinen abgenommen hat.</p><p>Was uns dann bleibt, ist das Volatile und Unvorhersehbare, das, worauf die KI auf absehbare Zeit auch keine Antworten bieten kann. Genau da kommen Selbstbestimmtheit und Individualismus erst richtig zur Geltung.</p><p>Und ich glaube fest daran, dass da viel weniger &#252;brig bleibt, als wir heute noch glauben.</p><p>Also fangen wir an und schauen, wohin uns die Reise f&#252;hrt.</p><div><hr></div><p>Und jetzt bin ich neugierig.</p><p>Werden bei Ihnen lernende Standardroutinen konsequent angewandt?<br>Haben Sie Expertengruppen f&#252;r Standardprozesse, und wenn ja, welche Erfahrung haben Sie mit ihnen gemacht?</p><p>Schreiben Sie es gern in die Kommentare auf Substack. Ich lese jeden einzelnen und antworte darauf.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/lernende-standard-routinen/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Flernende-standard-routinen%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p>Und wenn Sie vor dieser Transformation stehen und nicht allein da durchgehen wollen, schreiben Sie mir das auch.</p><p>In den n&#228;chsten Wochen nehme ich die weiteren Elemente des NewPDP auseinander. Wer die ganze Geschichte mitbekommen m&#246;chte, abonniert am besten den Newsletter oder den Podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>War das hilfreich f&#252;r Sie? Dann teilen Sie es gern mit jemandem, der vor demselben Problem steht.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/lernende-standard-routinen?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Flernende-standard-routinen%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Wenn Sie glauben, dass eine Kollegin oder ein Kollege davon profitieren w&#252;rde, empfehlen Sie den Newsletter bitte weiter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p>Danke f&#252;rs Zuh&#246;ren. Ich freue mich schon, Sie bei der n&#228;chsten Episode wieder begr&#252;&#223;en zu d&#252;rfen. Bis dahin, passen Sie auf sich auf und bleiben Sie innovativ.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Cleaning up is part of the transformation]]></title><description><![CDATA[The transformation ahead is enormous. That is exactly why it must not become the excuse.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/cleaning-up-is-part-of-the-transformation</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/cleaning-up-is-part-of-the-transformation</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2026 07:02:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21iZ3U%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZ3U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZ3U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21iZ3U%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZ3U!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZ3U!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZ3U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZ3U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9faf7c96-db17-4335-97bc-8dde36c20f22_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>For years, crisis was the normal condition.</p><p>Almost every project drifted so far off course that failure looked unavoidable. Quality gates turned red. Open issues kept climbing while the time left kept shrinking, until the project was no longer under control.</p><p>And then, somewhere near the end, the team pulled it around. People were freed up to work on the problem in front of them. Compromises were agreed that had been impossible for months. Everyone met daily and delivered what they had promised. And a good vehicle reached the market after all, at the very last minute.</p><p>Every time there was relief. Every time a huge pride. People were recognized as heroes, and treated like heroes. We had done it again.</p><p>But the celebration was short, because the next crisis was already there.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>At some point I started asking myself an uncomfortable question. Was that our core competence? Running a project into the wall, and then, with a heroic performance in the final minutes, pulling the iron out of the fire?</p><p>Because a rescue that works every time is only a rescue until the one time it does not. A vehicle manufacturer without a product survives a few weeks. Then it is over.</p><p>The longer I thought about it, the clearer the picture became. The organization could do it. The capability was there, all of it, and it was impressive. It simply would not come out until the crisis had arrived. Pressure was the trigger, and nothing else worked as reliably.</p><p>So the task was not to build something we lacked. It was to move that performance from the end of the project to the front. And not by moving the crisis forward with it, which is the easy misreading of the solution. The point was to make the crisis unnecessary in the first place.</p><p>That turned out to be the harder half of the work, and it had nothing glamorous about it. Focus. Collaboration. Compromise. The same ingredients as in the rescue, only as a daily habit and a working structure instead of an emergency reflex. Nothing on that list is new. Nothing on it is difficult to understand.</p><p>It is a leadership matter. An organization repeats what it sees rewarded, and what gets rewarded is usually the rescue. A team that is quietly on track in the middle of a project deserves the recognition that goes to the heroes at the end. Leadership also owes its own share: the prerequisites, the structure, and the decisions taken when they are due. Management always had its part in how those projects ended up.</p><p>What is coming now is not smaller than any of that. Artificial intelligence, virtual development, technological complexity that no longer settles back down: these will change the work more deeply than anything I have seen in my career, and they are arriving with full force. Nobody gets to sit them out.</p><p>And that is exactly what makes them such a comfortable excuse.</p><p>If everything is going to be different anyway, why repair a process that will be obsolete in a few years? Why insist on human performance when the technology is going to take it over regardless? The transformation offers a respectable reason to leave the old mess where it is. It sounds forward looking. It even sounds ambitious.</p><p>But a new technology laid on top of a broken process does not repair the process. It industrializes it. Whatever was disorganized before comes back faster, at scale, and harder to control.</p><p>I doubt I was alone with this. I see it in many places across the industry: organizations that are not as good as they would need to be at the ordinary craft, and that now have a transformation to manage on top of it. Both jobs at once, with the same people.</p><p>So it is not a choice between the two. Cleaning up is not the sober alternative to transforming, and transforming is not permission to skip the cleaning up.</p><p>We have to do both. Either one on its own will not be enough to still be here.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Learning Standard Routines, in Three Steps to Perfection]]></title><description><![CDATA[The second practice of the NewPDP. Standard first, automation second. What has to be true before an AI agent can take over the work.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/learning-standard-routines</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/learning-standard-routines</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2026 07:01:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%210lh_%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F7eb5e436-9866-4e71-a3e9-3289894be575_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The assignment I was given was clear and precise:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>&#8220;Others develop completely new vehicles in 48 months. Find out how, and make it happen here.&#8221;</p></div><p>That timeframe came from a major management consultancy that had done extensive benchmarking to back it up. There was substance behind it. It wasn&#8217;t hot air.</p><p>Once I had worked my way into the subject, I arrived at a realization that surprised me.</p><blockquote><p>To develop a completely new vehicle in 48 months, there is exactly one possible approach.</p></blockquote><p>Exactly one.</p><p>I combined the hard, non-negotiable durations of activities that cannot be shortened with sensible durations for the flexible activities. What comes out is a plan that leaves room for judgment only in weeks.</p><p>Does that mean every development project has to take 48 months?</p><p>Of course not. For feature upgrades, facelifts, and smaller development scopes, shorter projects are entirely feasible.</p><p>That realization led to a fundamental shift in how projects should be planned.</p><ol><li><p>In the past, we fixed the development scope first.</p></li><li><p>The approach was planned on that basis, and time and cost were derived from it. </p></li><li><p>Because there was never enough money or time, we fiddled with the details until we came up with a compromise that seemed workable, and that compromise was approved.</p></li></ol><p>The result:</p><p>Every project was different. Every project was a one-off.</p><p>For the future, I propose the following approach:</p><h1>Time Defines the Project, Not the Content</h1><p>What would happen if we turned it around? </p><p>If we fixed time and money first, and chose the content to match?</p><p>And what would happen if that didn&#8217;t produce a new scenario every time, but standardized templates that get applied again and again and deliberately improved through lessons learned?</p><p>The advantages are hard to dismiss.</p><ul><li><p>The probability of error drops with every cycle</p></li><li><p>Delivery reliability rises with every cycle</p></li><li><p>The content that can realistically be delivered increases from project to project</p></li></ul><p>Why?</p><ul><li><p>Employees gain experience and apply it immediately in the next project.</p></li><li><p>Structures and patterns become visible, and therefore improvable.</p></li><li><p>The  shedule is no longer negotiated, only applied. That saves time and frees up resources in itself.</p></li></ul><h1>The Revolution: Standardized Processes Instead of Freestyle Planning</h1><p>If you think at this point that I have missed the signs of the times, I ask for a little patience. I am not breaking with agile principles. I am combining them with classical principles, so that a hybrid system emerges.</p><p>Let&#8217;s look at the whole system in context.</p><p>The Learning Standard Routines are the second working method in the NewPDP. They build on the Drum Beat System.</p><p>The motto is:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Focus builds mastery.</p></div><p>The basic principle rests on a two-part approach:</p><ol><li><p>Everything that is volatile, unpredictable, or unforeseen is planned in short cycles and decided on the concrete situation at hand.</p></li><li><p>Everything that is stable and repeatable is standardized, continuously improved, and handled by assigned experts.</p></li></ol><blockquote><p>That way we work according to what the situation actually needs. </p></blockquote><p>Where volatility exists, we respond to it with agility. </p><p>Where conditions are stable, we rely on LSR &#8212; Learning Standard Routines.</p><p>LSR itself operates on three levels. The first carries the change in philosophy. The second bridges the first and the third. The third creates the ultimate benefits and is decisive for the successful use of AI.</p><h2>Level 1: Project and ITEM Templates</h2><p>Here I come back to the 48-month plan.</p><p>Because if there is only one sensible approach for a given development process within a given timeframe, then it can be written down and applied again every time.</p><p>If the scope is smaller, it goes faster. That, too, can be written down.</p><p>I therefore proposed creating templates not only for 48 months, but also for 36, 24, and 12 months.</p><p>Is that all of them?</p><p>I don&#8217;t know. I leave it to the learning system to find out. What matters is not the number. What matters is applying these approaches again and again and deliberately developing them further.</p><p>The result is a catalog of project templates, from which the right one is selected each time.</p><p>Unlike our master plans today, these templates do not prescribe everything down to the last detail.</p><p>They follow the same principle I already applied and interpreted for the Drum Beat System. It comes from Helmuth von Moltke:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;An order should contain everything a subordinate needs to know in order to independently achieve an objective, and nothing more.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Applied to our work, it reads like this:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>A template contains everything the project members need to know to meet the given timeframe. But only that.</em></p></div><p>The detailed planning happens where it belongs: depending on the situation, in the rhythm of the Drum Beat and the ToDo.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>A template, then, is not a finished plan. It is a structure, a skeleton, that can be filled with the most varied content.</p></div><h2>Level 2: Standardized Processes</h2><p>The next level goes deeper.</p><p>Here, processes that can be standardized are taken out of the project and ITEM templates and maintained on their own.</p><p>There are always processes that can be standardized.</p><ul><li><p>How the procurement of prototype parts works.</p></li><li><p>How a specific test is carried out.</p></li><li><p>How an FMEA is done.</p></li><li><p>How cost controlling operates.</p></li></ul><p>The list is long, and it is unspectacular. None of it wins an innovation award.</p><p>But that is exactly the point. Take no unnecessary risks, and create no unnecessary complexity.</p><p>At this point comes the justified objection: we&#8217;ve been doing this for a long time already.</p><p>That&#8217;s partly true. The difference is in the detail.<br>Many processes are already documented today and mandated for use.</p><p>But are they also consistently applied and developed further as a standard?</p><p>If so, all is well.</p><p>If not, which is what I observe frequently, then we need to deal with it.</p><p>That doesn&#8217;t happen because people want to annoy the boss. There are causes, and they need to be analyzed and removed.</p><p>Only once a process is described and consistently implemented as a standard do the effects appear that we need to develop more without needing more, exactly as the motto of the NewPDP states.</p><p>So how do you know what belongs on this level and what doesn&#8217;t?</p><p>A process belongs in the standard routines if two criteria are met:</p><ol><li><p>It occurs <strong>repeatedly</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Its <strong>environment is stable</strong> enough that flexibility in the approach brings no benefit.</p></li></ol><p>If either condition is missing, it belongs in the Drum Beat System and is planned flexibly with each Drum Beat.</p><p>That is the dividing line to agile.</p><p>Agile standardizes the meta-process and deliberately leaves the technical process open.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>But in mechatronics, many technical processes are repeatable, and reinventing them every time is not adaptability. It is waste.</p></div><p>The standard doesn&#8217;t stand in the way of improvement. At Toyota they put it this way:</p><blockquote><p>No standard, no continuous improvement.</p></blockquote><p>Without a reference point, there is no way to measure whether something has gotten better.</p><p>Please don&#8217;t confuse this: a standard routine does not mean fixed once and for all. It means that the current standard is applied consistently. But that standard keeps evolving through continuous improvement.</p><p>And that improvement comes from the people who work with it, because only they know where the potential for improvement lies.</p><h2>Level 3: Assigned Experts</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>This level consists of forming groups of experts who are deployed exclusively for one or more of these standardized processes.</p></div><p>Ideally bundled in their own organizational units.</p><p>That is the ultimate form of a learning standard routine.</p><blockquote><p>Through constant repetition, these employees become unbeatably efficient in their field.</p></blockquote><p>I compare it to athletes who train in a single discipline and compete in it. An all-rounder cannot beat them.</p><p>And here I come to a point that matters to me.</p><p>This level reverses a wrong turn I have observed for years.</p><p>Expert groups are cut to save headcount.</p><ul><li><p>Prototype procurement is dissolved.</p></li><li><p>The planning expert group no longer exists.</p></li><li><p>The project management office has to calculate its added value in euros, and because that doesn&#8217;t work out, it gets abolished.</p></li><li><p>The people who did cost controlling are gone, or doing something else by now.</p></li></ul><p>And then?</p><p>Then the work gets done by whoever needs the result.</p><p>What gets overlooked here is as simple as it gets:</p><blockquote><p>The position is gone. The work is not.</p></blockquote><p>It has just become invisible.</p><p>It now sits, for example, with the well-paid engineer procuring a prototype part for the first time in a year and a half. He no longer knows the process. He hunts for the form. He calls three people. He picks the wrong supplier and only notices weeks later, when the supplier misses its dates.</p><p>He is not a bad employee. He is simply a layman in this field.</p><p>Laymen take longer and make more mistakes. That is not a criticism of a person. It is a consequence of missing experience.</p><p>Costs appear to have gone down. The saving shows up in the headcount plan. It&#8217;s a number that can be reported.</p><p>The extra effort shows up nowhere. It&#8217;s spread in hours and half days across hundreds of people, and it never appears in any budget.</p><p><em>Nowhere.</em></p><p>And yet, strangely enough, the planned project budget is never quite enough, and deadlines turn out to be more of a suggestion than a fact.</p><p>That&#8217;s why this kind of measure always looks good on paper. And that&#8217;s why projects run so bumpily.</p><p>The third level reverses that. It brings the work back to where it gets done efficiently, and in doing so makes it visible again.</p><p>This is not a new idea. It is the reversal of an old wrong decision.</p><p>But one objection comes up often at this point: what happens when there isn&#8217;t enough work to keep the people fully utilized?</p><p>No problem, then they help out elsewhere. They are and remain part of the team, but they have a clearly defined priority. For them, their area of expertise has priority over other tasks.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The assignment of the people <strong>creates</strong> the improvement. The process document <strong>secures</strong> it. The knowledge forms in people&#8217;s heads and lands in the computer, accessible for knowledge transfer and continuous improvement.</p></div><p>Neither half works alone.</p><h1>And AI?</h1><p>Everything up to this point has been fairly yesterday&#8217;s news.</p><p>This could have been done this way for a long time already. It doesn&#8217;t take a technology revolution.</p><p>And yet AI plays a genuinely decisive role if we want to unlock the full potential.</p><p>So how can artificial intelligence help us here?</p><p>Actually, it&#8217;s the other way around.</p><p>AI doesn&#8217;t help the learning standard routines.</p><p>The learning standard routines create the precondition for AI to take something like this over entirely, one day.</p><p>Once we get there, we will have arrived at the next era of product development.</p><p>But for now we are still in the middle of the transformation, and standardization is what helps us with automation and virtualization.</p><p>I see two focus areas for applying AI that already enable substantial efficiencies today.</p><h2>The AI Assistant</h2><p>Imagine asking your AI assistant:</p><p>Which template fits this case best?<br>Which development scopes go with it?</p><p>Is there a standard process we need to apply? And what does it look like?</p><p>That solves today&#8217;s problem, where nobody can see through the sheer number of plans anymore and shies away from the effort of searching.</p><p>One reason documented processes sometimes go unfollowed today is that it&#8217;s easier to just do something than to painstakingly dig out the defined approach, understand it, and learn it. When that&#8217;s the case, people simply do the easier thing.</p><p>And you can&#8217;t even hold it against anyone, because we all want to be fast.</p><p>The AI assistant makes it easier to apply the standard routines and thereby realize their positive effects.</p><p>Without the standard routines, though, the AI assistant would lack the data base needed to provide that valuable support.</p><p>And learning works the same way.</p><p>Ask the AI:</p><p>Where did it get stuck this time, and how could it go better in the future?</p><p>Whether the answer is right immediately or still needs sharpening is secondary. We get to a result faster than starting from a blank page.</p><blockquote><p>That&#8217;s the real lever. Lessons learned rarely fail for lack of will. They fail because, by the end of a project, nobody has time left to invest.</p></blockquote><h2>The AI Agent</h2><p>A process that is documented as a standard, always runs the same way, and belongs to a fixed group, meets exactly the conditions under which an AI agent can execute it.</p><p>It&#8217;s realistic that we will find routines an AI agent can take over completely.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>That makes the order clear. Standard first, automation second.</p></div><p>Whoever tries it the other way around ends up automating chaos.</p><div><hr></div><h1>What Do We Take Away Today?</h1><p>Behind the three levels stand two operating principles.</p><p><strong>Repetition enables improvement.</strong> No standard, no continuous improvement. Whatever gets reinvented every time doesn&#8217;t get better. It just gets different.</p><p><strong>Focus builds mastery.</strong> Whoever does the same task over and over becomes unbeatable at it. Quality and efficiency follow from that.</p><p>The three levels put these two principles into practice.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Level 1, the templates.</strong> Time defines the project, not the content. ITEM templates serve as a blueprint that gets filled with the matching content. A template is a skeleton, not a master plan. On this level, the project process itself becomes repeatable, and therefore improvable.</p></li><li><p><strong>Level 2, the standardized processes.</strong> A standardized process is defined and applied when it repeats and its environment is stable. The documented standard is not the goal in itself. The goal is efficiency and measurable improvement.</p></li><li><p><strong>Level 3, the assigned experts.</strong> This is where the improvement actually happens, because it happens in people&#8217;s heads. The lasting assignment of the same group to the same task creates it. The process document secures it.</p></li></ul><p>Learning standard routines are the basis for using AI effectively.</p><p>AI assistants help optimize the effects of the standard routines. </p><p>AI agents can take over expert work once it is thoroughly structured and documented.</p><h1>In Closing</h1><p>It takes real courage to implement learning standard routines in day-to-day business.</p><p>It isn&#8217;t new, and yet it feels uncomfortable. It isn&#8217;t innovative, but it takes iron discipline.</p><p>Those are the qualities that make implementation extremely difficult.</p><p>People are easier to excite about something new than about what seems trivial, and discipline was never very popular to begin with. </p><p>Our era is shaped by the drive toward self-determination and individualism, and learning standard routines don&#8217;t seem to embody either.</p><p>But that changes nothing about the fact that, used correctly, they will be indispensable for future success.</p><p>AI has no claim to self-determination or individualism. Quite the opposite. It needs data and patterns in order to work at all.</p><p>So we&#8217;ll have to work through this transformation. Step by step, until AI has taken all the learning standard routines off our hands. </p><p>What&#8217;s left for us then is the volatile and the unpredictable, the things AI won&#8217;t be able to answer for the foreseeable future. That&#8217;s where self-determination and individualism come into their own.</p><p>And I firmly believe that what&#8217;s left will be far less than we still think today.</p><p>So let&#8217;s get started and see where the journey takes us.</p><div><hr></div><p>And now I&#8217;m curious.</p><p>Are learning standard routines applied consistently where you work?</p><p>Do you have expert groups for standard processes, and if so, what has your experience with them been?</p><p>Feel free to write it in the comments on Substack. I read every single one and I reply.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/learning-standard-routines/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Flearning-standard-routines%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p>And if you&#8217;re facing this transformation and don&#8217;t want to start alone, write to me about that too.</p><p>In the coming weeks I&#8217;ll be taking apart the remaining elements of the NewPDP. If you want to follow the whole story, the best way is to subscribe to the newsletter or the podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Found this useful? Pleasw share it with someone who's dealing with the same problem.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/learning-standard-routines?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Flearning-standard-routines%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>If you think a colleague would get value out of this, recommend the newsletter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p><p>Thanks for listening. I&#8217;m already looking forward to welcoming you back for the next episode. Until then, take care of yourself and stay innovative.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[And Once Again, Everything Is Changing]]></title><description><![CDATA[Two turning points in product development, one already behind me, the other only just beginning.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/product-development-is-changing</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/product-development-is-changing</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 07:00:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21cD0x%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21cD0x%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21cD0x%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2760184,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/i/213740653?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cD0x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F547b6ff7-df71-45de-b5ca-96ceb3882e93_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I have witnessed two major turning points in product development, and we are right in the middle of the second one now.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>I started my career at the drawing board. With pencil and ink on tracing paper, watching older engineers do something I couldn&#8217;t yet understand. On the tracing paper appeared three side views, an isometric projection, a few cross-sections, all a single sheet could hold. Where I saw lines I had to piece together one by one, they saw a finished part. They could turn it over in their minds, tilt it, cut it open in a place that wasn&#8217;t even drawn, and still know exactly what would be there.</p><p>What impressed me even more happened one afternoon when a colleague placed his pencil at the junction with a rib, tapped the paper twice, and said, &#8220;It tears there.&#8221; No calculation. No proof. He had simply seen it. People called that experience, but it was really a very specific skill, built over years at that exact board, through that exact way of working.</p><p>Then the computer replaced the drawing board, and both of those skills, the eye for shape and the eye for stress, were no longer needed. Cross-sections could now be generated inside a 3D model in seconds, and the part could be turned and looked at from any side right there on the screen, instead of being pieced together in your head. Calculation software showed exactly where it would break. What once took a trained eye now took a few clicks. Because they were no longer practiced, those old skills faded away over time, the way a muscle that is no longer used slowly loses its strength. They are nice things to still have, but by now you can get along perfectly well without them.</p><p>Something else took its place instead. The new tools did not just do the old work faster, they made things possible that the drawing board never could have handled, and products picked up more features than before, first mechanical, then electrical, then electronic, then networked. Every new feature began interacting with all the others, and a different kind of challenge emerged: understanding what a change would trigger in the whole system, not just in the part itself. Today&#8217;s experienced engineer looks at a change request and says, &#8220;That conflicts with the heavy-duty version,&#8221; with the same certainty my old colleague once tapped his pencil on the tracing paper. No analysis. No proof. He has seen it.</p><p>Now the second turning point is underway. Artificial intelligence and virtual development are already reshaping the way an engineer works and thinks, much like the computer once did. Not too far in the future, engineers will no longer look at a 3D model on a flat screen. They will step inside a virtual development environment and interact with the virtual product the same way they interact with the physical one today.</p><p>That much I can already picture. What happens after that, I cannot say, any more than I could have predicted today&#8217;s world twenty years ago. But I can accompany the way there, with the experience of the past and a vision for what comes next.</p><p>One thing is already clear: this time, too, there will be a massive efficiency gain. Somewhere down the road, an engineer will look at something none of us can even picture yet, and just know. It is likely that what makes an experienced engineer today will fade away too, the way a muscle that is no longer used slowly loses its strength. But we will have to develop other skills in its place, because it will be demanded of us.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Das Drum Beat System produziert Innovationen.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Das Drum Beat System organisiert die Produktion von Innovationen, indem es den Wertstrom steuert, so &#228;hnlich wie es in einer Produktion gemacht wird.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/drum-beat-system-produziert-innovationen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/drum-beat-system-produziert-innovationen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 07:02:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F211747032%2Fc054bb14464c42c56565a0bde89abdb6.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Jetzt wird der eine oder andere Zuh&#246;rer vermutlich denken: Was soll das denn sein, Innovationen werden doch nicht produziert, Innovationen entstehen durch die Inspiration von schlauen Mitarbeitern.</p><p>Bitte jetzt nicht b&#246;se auf mich sein, aber genau diese Auffassung hat uns dahin gebracht wo wir heute sind.</p><blockquote><p>Innovationen zu entwickeln ist in erster Linie Handwerk, das man lernen kann und muss!</p></blockquote><p>Es ist eben nicht die &#252;berirdische Eingebung oder die Genialit&#228;t des Individuums.</p><p>In dieser Hinsicht unterscheidet sich die Entwicklung von Innovationen viel weniger von der Produktion von Produkten als allgemein angenommen wird.</p><p>Und darum sind viele Methoden und Werkzeuge aus der Produktion geeignet auch hier Probleme in den Griff zu bekommen.</p><p>Ich will aber nicht gleich auf die Methoden und Werkzeuge eingehen, daf&#252;r gibt es eigenen Artikel. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Ich will erst das Problem beschreiben, das mich dazu gebracht hat, das Drum Beat System zu konzipieren.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Es waren zwei S&#228;tze</h1><p>Der erste Satz geht so:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Warum schlagen die mir das alles zur Entscheidung vor, wenn sie es dann doch nicht schaffen? Woher soll ich wissen, ob das wirklich alles dringend gebraucht wird? Um das herauszufinden bezahle ich doch die Experten.</p></div><p>Der zweite Satz geht so:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Wenn der Chef nicht wei&#223;, was wichtig ist, dann mache ich eben irgendetwas. Am besten das, was mir am wichtigsten erscheint.</p></div><p>Beide S&#228;tze habe ich gedacht.</p><p>Gleichzeitig, in verschiedenen Rollen, in derselben Firma. Einmal als Chef und einmal als Mitarbeiter. Denn auch als Mittelmanager hat man einen Chef, und ist damit auch Mitarbeiter.</p><p>Und beide Male hatte ich das Gef&#252;hl, im Recht zu sein.</p><blockquote><p>Diese beiden S&#228;tze sind der Ausdruck eines Dilemmas:</p></blockquote><p>Sich ver&#228;ndernde Kundenanforderungen und ein intensiver werdender Wettbewerb erfordern immer mehr Entwicklungen. In k&#252;rzerer Zeit, mit den gleichen Ressourcen.</p><p>Daraus resultiert:</p><h2>Das Auftragsdauerfeuer</h2><p>So habe ich es damals genannt. Ein Maschinengewehr mit einem Magazin, das nie leer wurde. Jede Patrone ein neuer Auftrag.</p><p>Jeder, der eine Idee hatte, seiner Meinung nach eine gute, ging damit zum Chef und erkl&#228;rte ihm, warum sie sofort umgesetzt werden muss.</p><p>Am besten hat man einen positiven Business Case dabei. Je gr&#246;&#223;er die Einsparung, je gr&#246;&#223;er das Erl&#246;spotential, desto wahrscheinlicher kommt der Umsetzungsauftrag zur&#252;ck.</p><p>Und dann waren da noch die Ideen der Chefs selbst.</p><p>Nicht nur die vom gro&#223;en Chef. Auch die mittleren und die kleinen Chefs haben Kreativit&#228;t.</p><p>Das Ergebnis war ein Auftragsdauerfeuer, jeden Tag, jedes Meeting kamen neue Auftr&#228;ge.</p><p>Das hat mich f&#252;rchterlich aufgeregt. Und mit den Jahren wurde es schlimmer, nicht besser.</p><p>Irgendwann kam dann der Ruf nach Priorisierung, weil es einfach nicht alles zu schaffen war.</p><p>Dieser Auftrag an den Chef kam zuverl&#228;ssig und immer wieder und wurde lautstark von der gesamten Belegschaft vorgetragen, die kleinen und mittleren Chefs inclusive.</p><p>Und mit ihm kamen die Prio-listen.</p><p>Ich sage es hart, weil ich es hart meine: Das ist eine unversch&#228;mte Bitte an den Chef.</p><p>&#8220;Ich schaffe das nicht. Also entscheide du, was wir weglassen. Und trage die alleinige Verantwortung f&#252;r die Konsequenzen.&#8221;</p><p>Das Ergebnis war jedes Mal dasselbe: schlechte Stimmung und Misstrauen.</p><p>Und die beiden S&#228;tze vom Anfang.</p><p>Gerade weil ich gleichzeitig Chef und Mitarbeiter war und beides erlebt und gef&#252;hlt habe, kann ich mit voller &#220;berzeugung sagen:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Da steckt kein b&#246;ser Wille dahinter. Niemand will den anderen &#228;rgern. Jeder handelt aus guter Absicht und versucht, das Beste f&#252;r die Firma zu erreichen.</p></div><p>Die Ursache liegt woanders.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Es fehlt ein funktionierendes Steuerungsmodell</h1><p>Es sind, wie so oft, fehlende Transparenz, fehlende Struktur und ungenutzte F&#228;higkeiten.</p><p>Ohne Transparenz, ohne Struktur und ohne hinreichende F&#228;higkeiten ist es unm&#246;glich, Wichtiges von Unwichtigem zu unterscheiden.</p><blockquote><p>Wer nicht sieht, was auf der Platte liegt, kann nicht entscheiden, was herunter soll.</p></blockquote><p>Wenn es aber dann ans Weglassen geht, dann ist es keine Verwaltungsaufgabe. Weglassen hei&#223;t, Risiken einzugehen.</p><blockquote><p>Risikomanagement ist eine Disziplin, die Struktur in der Vorgehensweise erfordert, sonst sind Risiken nicht quantifizierbar.</p></blockquote><p>Und genau da kommen die F&#228;higkeiten ins Spiel.</p><blockquote><p>Es braucht ausgepr&#228;gte F&#228;higkeiten, um Risiken &#252;berhaupt zu erkennen, um Minderungsma&#223;nahmen zu definieren und um die Probleme, die unweigerlich trotzdem eintreten, in den Griff zu bekommen.</p></blockquote><p>Und hier rede ich nicht von den F&#228;higkeiten des Einzelnen.</p><p><em>Ich rede von den F&#228;higkeiten der Organisation.</em></p><p>Denn hier ergibt 1 plus 1 mehr als 2. Die F&#228;higkeiten einer Organisation sind um ein Vielfaches gr&#246;&#223;er als die Summe der F&#228;higkeiten ihrer Individuen.</p><blockquote><p>Deshalb kann der Chef das nicht allein entscheiden. Nicht, weil er zu dumm w&#228;re, sondern weil das Wissen gar nicht bei ihm liegt.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>Was ist wirklich wichtig? Und wie behalten wir das Risiko im Griff, obwohl wir etwas weglassen? Das wei&#223; nicht der Chef. Das ist kollektives Wissen der Leute, die selber das Gesch&#228;ft machen.</p></div><p>Dann gibt es noch ein weiteres Problem:</p><div><hr></div><h1>Ein Plan ist noch keine Lieferung</h1><p>Bis hierher ging es ausschlie&#223;lich um den Plan. </p><ul><li><p>Was ist wichtig, </p></li><li><p>was lassen wir weg, </p></li><li><p>welches Risiko gehen wir bewusst ein.</p></li></ul><p>Das ist die Frage nach der Effektivit&#228;t. Die richtigen Dinge tun.</p><p>Nur hat noch kein Plan jemals ein Produkt entwickelt.</p><blockquote><p>Planung ist nicht die Lieferung und Berichterstattung ist nicht das Ergebnis.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>Weglassen schafft nur dann Luft, wenn das, was &#252;brig bleibt, auch tats&#228;chlich ankommt. Und zwar beim ersten Mal.</p></div><p>Denn nichts frisst so viel Kapazit&#228;t wie Nacharbeit.</p><p>Ein Fehler, der zu sp&#228;t auff&#228;llt, erzwingt eine Schleife.</p><p>Und eine Schleife kostet zweimal: einmal die eigene Doppelarbeit und einmal die Doppelarbeit der Kollegen, die mit dem falschen Ergebnis gearbeitet haben.</p><p>Wer m&#252;hsam Themen wegl&#228;sst und die gewonnene Kapazit&#228;t anschlie&#223;end in Schleifen verbrennt, hat nichts gewonnen.</p><p>Also brauchen wir eine zweite Sicherheit.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Nicht nur, dass das Richtige geplant wird, sondern dass das Geplante ohne Fehler und Schleifen geliefert wird.</p></div><p>Das ist die Frage nach der Effizienz. Die Dinge richtig tun.</p><p>Und die Hebel sind dieselben wie vorher.</p><blockquote><p>Es braucht <strong>Struktur</strong>, damit die Voraussetzungen f&#252;r die Arbeit geschaffen sind, bevor sie beginnt. Fehlende Voraussetzungen sind eine Ursache f&#252;r verz&#246;gerte Lieferung und f&#252;r fehlerhafte Ergebnisse.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>Es braucht <strong>Transparenz</strong>, wer was von wem braucht und zu welchem Zeitpunkt. Ist das nicht klar, dann entstehen Wartezeiten oder es m&#252;ssen unsichere Annahmen getroffen werden, die dann wiederum zu fehlerhaften Ergebnissen f&#252;hren k&#246;nnen.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>Und es braucht die <strong>F&#228;higkeiten</strong> der Organisation, notwendige Kompetenzen zu entwickeln und dort einzusetzen, wo sie gebraucht werden. Statt sie hinterher m&#252;hsam zu suchen, wenn die Arbeit schon l&#228;uft.</p></blockquote><h1>Das Drum Beat System ist das Steuerungsmodell</h1><p>Das Drum Beat System setzt an genau diesen drei Punkten an.</p><h3>Transparenz</h3><p>Fangen wir mit der <strong>Transparenz</strong> an, weil sie das wichtigste und das am meisten missverstandene Wort in dieser Diskussion ist.</p><p>Transparenz klingt nach einer Verwaltungsaufgabe. </p><ul><li><p>Zusammentragen, </p></li><li><p>aufschreiben, </p></li><li><p>sichtbar machen.</p></li></ul><p>F&#252;r das Was stimmt das auch. Was alles auf der Platte liegt, l&#228;sst sich zusammentragen. Das ist der einfache Teil, und genau bis dahin kommen die &#252;blichen Listen.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Nur tr&#228;gt das Was keine Entscheidung.</p><p>Eine Entscheidung braucht das Warum: Wozu dient dieses Thema, was gewinnen wir, und was verlieren wir, wenn wir es weglassen.</p><p>Und sie braucht das Wie: auf welchem Weg das Thema bearbeitet wird und welches Risiko auf diesem Weg entsteht.</p></div><p>Und hier liegt h&#228;ufig eine Ursache f&#252;r das Problem:</p><p>Dieses Warum und dieses Wie liegen nirgendwo herum. Sie existieren noch gar nicht.</p><blockquote><p><em>Man kann nicht transparent machen, was vorher niemand erarbeitet hat.</em></p></blockquote><p>Transparenz setzt Inhalt voraus, und dieser Inhalt erfordert Arbeit. Er entsteht nicht dadurch, dass jemand eine Vorlage ausf&#252;llt.</p><h3>Struktur</h3><p>Eine KI hat mir eine Definition von Struktur vorgeschlagen, die ich super treffend finde:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Struktur ist das, was bleibt, wenn der Inhalt wechselt.</p></div><blockquote><p>Es ist das Ger&#252;st, das immer passt, egal worum es geht.</p></blockquote><p>Sie entsteht aus Erfahrung und Kompetenz. </p><p>Wir m&#252;ssen nicht immer alles neu erfinden, wir m&#252;ssen nicht jeden Fehler machen, den man machen kann.</p><blockquote><p>Wir suchen funktionierende Muster und wenden sie immer wieder an.</p></blockquote><p>Das Drum Beat System ist keine unerprobte Neuigkeit, sondern es basiert auf jahrzehntelang angewandten, erfolgreichen Prinzipien.</p><p>Das Spannende daran ist, dass ich nicht nur die Entwicklung als Inspiration verwende. Ich schaue intensiv in die Produktion.</p><p>Ein Fachbereich, in dem Strukturen seit mehr als hundert Jahren etabliert sind und kontinuierlich verbessert werden.</p><p>Es startete am 7. Oktober 1913 mit Henry Ford und seinem legend&#228;ren Flie&#223;band. Es fand seine Fortsetzung im Toyota Produktionssystem.</p><p>Dabei lohnt ein genauerer Blick auf Ford. Er hat das Flie&#223;band n&#228;mlich gar nicht erfunden. Das Prinzip kannte er aus den Schlachth&#246;fen von Chicago.</p><p>Was Ford erfunden hat, war die <strong>Austaktung</strong>. Und die entstand nicht am ersten Tag. Es dauerte rund vierzehn Monate mit Stoppuhr und Korrektur, bis aus 12,5 Stunden pro Fahrzeug 93 Minuten wurden.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Struktur entsteht nicht in dem sie eingef&#252;hrt wird. Sie entsteht durch Wiederholung und Korrektur.</em></p></div><p>Warum sollen wir nicht da lernen, wo es langj&#228;hrige Erfahrungswerte gibt?</p><h3>F&#228;higkeiten</h3><p>Ein Produkt zu entwickeln erfordert eine gro&#223;e Zahl an Kompetenzen. Konstruktion, Berechnung, Versuch, Beschaffung, Fertigungsplanung, Zulassung. Die Liste wird l&#228;nger, nicht k&#252;rzer.</p><p>Die eigentliche Frage ist aber nicht, diese F&#228;higkeiten zu besitzen.</p><p>Es ist, sie zum richtigen Zeitpunkt am richtigen Ort zu haben.</p><p>Auf dieses Problem h&#246;re ich zwei Antworten. Beide greifen zu kurz.</p><p><strong>Die erste Antwort hei&#223;t Generalisten.</strong> </p><p>Aus der agilen Welt kommt der Ruf: Spezialisten sind Schnee von gestern, wir brauchen Leute, die alles k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Was zu Goethes Zeiten ein realistischer Anspruch war, ist heute eine Utopie. Das Wissen in jeder einzelnen Disziplin ist daf&#252;r viel zu tief geworden.</p><p>Und die Antwort verschiebt das Problem nur. Aus &#8220;Ich habe den Spezialisten nicht zum richtigen Zeitpunkt&#8221; wird &#8220;Es gibt niemanden der es kann&#8221;.</p><p><strong>Die zweite Antwort hei&#223;t k&#252;nstliche Intelligenz.</strong> Die F&#228;higkeiten bringt k&#252;nftig die KI an den Tisch, also m&#252;ssen wir uns darum nicht mehr k&#252;mmern.</p><p>Diese Antwort halte ich nicht f&#252;r falsch. Ich halte sie f&#252;r verfr&#252;ht.</p><p>Ich glaube, dass wir eines Tages &#252;ber eine KI verf&#252;gen werden, die viel davon leistet. Ich glaube aber auch, dass sie es genau so tun wird, wie wir es die ganze Zeit schon h&#228;tten tun sollen.</p><p>Also brauchen wir nicht zu warten.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Denn der Schl&#252;ssel liegt nicht bei den F&#228;higkeiten des Einzelnen sondern in der F&#228;higkeit der Organisation.</p></div><blockquote><p>Nicht die F&#228;higkeiten sind der Engpass. Ihre Verschaltung ist es.</p></blockquote><p>Die meisten Organisationen haben fast alles, was sie brauchen. Sie bringen es nur nicht zum richtigen Zeitpunkt zusammen.</p><p>Und jetzt kommt der Punkt, an dem die meisten Steuerungsversuche scheitern.</p><p>Diese Verschaltung l&#228;sst sich nicht von oben anordnen. </p><blockquote><p>Wer wann was von wem braucht, wissen nur diejenigen, die die Arbeit machen.</p></blockquote><p>Der Chef kann also nicht zuteilen. Er kann nur daf&#252;r sorgen, dass die Zuteilung stattfindet.</p><p>Genau das leistet das Drum Beat System. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Es ist kein Verteiler und keine Instanz. Es ist eine Struktur, eine Form der Arbeitsorganisation.</p></div><p>Nicht die Anzahl der F&#228;higkeiten ist entscheidend, sondern ihr Zusammenwirken.</p><div><hr></div><p>Damit sind die drei Ursachen benannt, die daf&#252;r sorgen, dass wir uns permanent &#252;berfordert f&#252;hlen. Und in den meisten F&#228;llen auch wirklich &#252;berfordert sind.</p><p>Bleibt noch die Frage, wie das Drum Beat System diese Ursachen operativ im Tagesgesch&#228;ft abstellt.</p><h1>Zwei Modelle, ein System</h1><p>Die operative Ausgestaltung &#252;bernehmen im Drum Beat System zwei Modelle.</p><p>Das <strong>Granatapfelbaum-Modell</strong> erzeugt die Effektivit&#228;t, mit ihm steuern wir den Wertfluss und stellen sicher, dass am Wichtigen gearbeitet und das Unwichtige weggelassen wird.</p><p>Der <strong>Universelle 4 Takt Zyklus</strong> erzeugt die Effizienz. Er sorgt daf&#252;r, dass Fehler und Entwicklungsschleifen vermieden werden.</p><p>Zu beiden Modellen gibt es schon Artikel, die tiefer ins Detail gehen, als ich es hier in diesem Artikel tun kann.</p><p>Also lesen oder h&#246;ren sie sich bitte diese Episoden und Artikel an.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>Was nehmen wir heute mit?</h1><ul><li><p>Das Auftragsdauerfeuer ist kein b&#246;ser Wille und kein F&#252;hrungsversagen. Es ist die Folge eines fehlenden Steuerungsmodells.</p></li><li><p>Priorisierungslisten l&#246;sen das nicht. Sie schieben die Verantwortung dorthin, wo das n&#246;tige Wissen gar nicht liegt.</p></li><li><p>Transparenz ist keine Verwaltungsaufgabe. Man kann nichts sichtbar machen, was vorher niemand erarbeitet hat.</p></li><li><p>Struktur ist das, was bleibt, wenn der Inhalt wechselt. Sie entsteht nicht durch Einf&#252;hrung, sondern durch Wiederholung und Korrektur.</p></li><li><p>Nicht die F&#228;higkeiten sind der Engpass, sondern ihre Verschaltung. Der Chef kann sie nicht zuteilen. Er kann nur daf&#252;r sorgen, dass die Zuteilung stattfindet.</p></li><li><p>Das Drum Beat System ist keine Instanz und kein Verteiler. Es ist ein Rahmen.</p></li></ul><p>Jetzt noch eDas Auftragsdauerfeuer habe ich in verschiedenen Situationen erlebt, in verschiedenen Rollen, zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten. Mich interessiert, wie das anderswo aussieht.</p><p>Schreiben Sie mir gern einen Kommentar, wie bei Ihnen entschieden wird, was liegen bleibt. 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data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Drum Beat System Produces Innovation]]></title><description><![CDATA[Organizing the production of innovation by steering the value stream, much the way it is done in manufacturing.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/the-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/the-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 07:01:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21TaZc%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F377ae849-4636-4eeb-95b7-1fc3a1343ee8_1264x848.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21TaZc%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F377ae849-4636-4eeb-95b7-1fc3a1343ee8_1264x848.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>It is the first of the seven elements of the <strong>NewPDP</strong>: the <strong>Drum Beat System</strong>. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>It organizes the production of innovation by steering the value stream, much the way it is done in manufacturing.</p></div><p>This is the point where I usually lose part of the room. Innovation isn&#8217;t produced, people say. Innovation comes from the inspiration of clever people.</p><p>Please don&#8217;t be angry with me, but that very belief is what got us where we are today.</p><blockquote><p>Developing innovation is first of all a craft.</p><p>One that can be learned and has to be learned.</p></blockquote><p>In that respect it differs far less from manufacturing products than is generally assumed, which is why so many tools from production fit our problems.</p><p>I won&#8217;t go straight to the tools, there are separate articles for those.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>First I want to explain the problem that led me to design the Drum Beat System.</p><div><hr></div><h1>It Was Two Sentences</h1><p>The first sentence goes like this:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>&#8220;Why do they bring all of this to me for a decision if they can&#8217;t deliver it in the end? How am I supposed to know whether all of it is really urgent? That is what I pay the experts for.&#8221;</p></div><p>The second sentence goes like this:</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>&#8220;If the boss doesn&#8217;t know what matters, then I&#8217;ll just do something. Preferably whatever seems most important to me.&#8221;</p></div><p>I have thought both sentences.</p><p>At the same time, in different roles, in the same company. </p><p>Once as the boss and once as the employee. Because as a middle manager I also had a boss, which made me an employee too.</p><p>And both times I felt I was in the right.</p><blockquote><p>These two sentences are the expression of a dilemma.</p></blockquote><p>Changing customer requirements and intensifying competition demand more and more development. In less time, with the same resources.</p><p>What follows from that is this:</p><h1>Continuous Fire</h1><p>That is what I called it back then. A machine gun with a magazine that never ran empty. Every round an assignment.</p><p>Anyone who had an idea, a good one in their own view, took it to the boss and explained why it had to be implemented immediately. </p><p>Ideally with a positive business case attached. The bigger the savings, the bigger the revenue potential, the more likely the go ahead came back.</p><p>And then there were the bosses&#8217; own ideas. Not just the big boss. The middle and the small bosses have creativity too.</p><p>Every day, in every meeting, new assignments arrived. </p><p>It made me furious. And over the years it got worse, not better.</p><p>At some point came the call for prioritization, because there was simply no way to do it all. </p><p>It came reliably and repeatedly, voiced loudly by the workforce. And with it came the priority lists.</p><p>I&#8217;ll say it harshly, because I mean it harshly. That is an outrageous thing to ask of a boss.</p><p>The message is:</p><p>&#8220;I can&#8217;t manage this. So you decide what we drop. And you carry sole responsibility for the consequences.&#8221;</p><p>The result was the same every time. Bad mood and mistrust.</p><p>And the two sentences from the beginning.</p><p>Precisely because I was boss and employee at the same time, I can say this with full conviction:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>There is no ill will behind it. Nobody is trying to annoy anyone. Everyone acts in good faith and tries to do what is best for the company.</p></div><p>The cause lies elsewhere.</p><div><hr></div><h1>A Working Control Model Is Missing</h1><p>As so often, it comes down to missing transparency, missing structure and unused capabilities.</p><p>Without transparency, without structure and without sufficient capabilities it is impossible to tell the important from the unimportant.</p><blockquote><p>If you cannot see what is on the plate, you cannot decide what comes off it.</p></blockquote><p>But when it comes to leaving things out, that is not an administrative task. Leaving things out means taking risks.</p><blockquote><p>Risk management is a discipline that requires structure in the approach. Without it, risks cannot be quantified.</p></blockquote><p>And that is exactly where capabilities come in.</p><blockquote><p>It takes strong capabilities to recognize risks at all, to define mitigations, and to handle the problems that occur anyway.</p></blockquote><p>And here I am not talking about the capabilities of the individual.</p><p><em>I am talking about the capabilities of the organization.</em></p><p>Because here one plus one is more than two. The capabilities of an organization are many times greater than the sum of the capabilities of its individuals.</p><blockquote><p>That is why the boss cannot decide this on his own. Not because he is too stupid, but because the knowledge does not sit with him.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>What is really important, and how we keep risk under control while dropping something, is collective knowledge. It belongs to the people who do the business themselves.</p></div><div><hr></div><h1>A Plan Is Not a Delivery</h1><p>Up to this point it has been about the plan alone. </p><ul><li><p>What matters, </p></li><li><p>what we drop, </p></li><li><p>which risk we take deliberately.</p></li></ul><p>That is the question of effectiveness. Doing the right things.</p><p>Only, no plan has ever developed a product.</p><blockquote><p>Planning is not delivery, and reporting is not results.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>Leaving things out only creates room if what remains actually arrives. And arrives right the first time.</p></div><p>Because nothing eats capacity like rework.</p><p>A mistake that surfaces late forces a loop, and a loop costs twice. </p><p>Once as your own duplicated work, and once as the duplicated work of the colleagues who built on the wrong result.</p><p>Dropping topics is hard work. Burning the freed capacity in loops makes it pointless.</p><p>So we need a second safeguard.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Not only that the right thing gets planned, but that the planned thing gets delivered without errors and without loops.</p></div><p>That is the question of efficiency. Doing things right.</p><p>And the levers are the same as before.</p><blockquote><p>It takes <strong>structure</strong>, so that the preconditions for the work exist before the work starts. Missing preconditions are a reliable source of late delivery and faulty results.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>It takes <strong>transparency</strong> about who needs what from whom, and by when. Where that is unclear, people wait, or they make uncertain assumptions that produce faulty results.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>And it takes the <strong>capabilities</strong> of the organization, built and deployed where they are needed. Instead of struggling to find them once the work is already running.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>The Drum Beat System Is the Control Model</h1><p>The Drum Beat System attacks exactly these three points.</p><h3>Transparency</h3><p>Let&#8217;s start with <strong>transparency</strong>, because it is the most important and the most misunderstood word in this discussion.</p><p>Transparency sounds like an administrative task. </p><p>Collect it, write it down, make it visible. </p><p>For the What, that is true. Everything on the plate can be collected, and that is exactly as far as the usual lists get.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Only, the What carries no decision.</p><p>A decision needs the Why. What purpose does this topic serve, what do we gain, and what do we lose if we drop it.</p><p>And it needs the How. The way the topic is going to be worked on, and the risks that come with it.</p></div><p>And here lies a frequent cause of the problem. </p><p>That Why and that How are not lying around anywhere. They do not exist yet.</p><blockquote><p><em>You cannot make anything transparent that nobody has worked out beforehand.</em></p></blockquote><p>Transparency presupposes content, and that content takes work. It does not appear because somebody fills in a template.</p><h3>Structure</h3><p>An AI suggested a definition of structure to me that I find spot on:</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Structure is what remains when the content changes.</p></div><blockquote><p>It is the skeleton that always fits, whatever the subject.</p></blockquote><p>Structure grows out of experience and competence.</p><p>We do not have to reinvent everything every time, and we do not have to make every mistake that can be made.</p><blockquote><p>We look for patterns that work, and we apply them again and again.</p></blockquote><p>So the Drum Beat System is not an untested novelty.</p><p>It rests on principles that have been applied successfully for decades, and I do not take them from development alone.</p><p>I look hard at manufacturing, a field where structures have been established and continuously improved for more than a hundred years.</p><p>It began on 7 October 1913 with Henry Ford and his legendary moving assembly line, and found its continuation in the Toyota Production System.</p><p>Ford is worth a closer look, because there is a misunderstanding sitting there. He did not invent the assembly line. He knew the principle from the Chicago meatpacking plants.</p><p>What Ford did invent was <strong>line balancing</strong>. And it was not there on day one. It took roughly fourteen months of stopwatch work and correction before 12.5 hours per vehicle became 93 minutes.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Structure does not come from being introduced. It comes from repetition and correction.</em></p></div><p>So why should we not learn where decades of experience are already on the table?</p><h3>Capabilities</h3><p>Developing a product requires a large number of competences. Design, analysis, testing, sourcing, manufacturing engineering, homologation. The list gets longer, not shorter.</p><p>But the real problem is not possessing them. It is having them at the right time in the right place.</p><p>I hear two answers to this. Both fall short.</p><p><strong>The first answer is generalists.</strong> From the agile world comes the call: specialists are yesterday&#8217;s model, we need people who can do everything.</p><p>What was a realistic ambition in the age of the Renaissance man is a utopia today. The knowledge inside every discipline has become too deep for it.</p><p>And the answer only shifts the problem. &#8220;I don&#8217;t have the specialist at the right time&#8221; turns into &#8220;I don&#8217;t have anyone at all who could do that&#8221;.</p><p><strong>The second answer is artificial intelligence.</strong> AI will bring the capabilities to the table, so we no longer need to worry about them.</p><p>I don&#8217;t consider that answer wrong. I consider it premature.</p><p>One day we will have an AI that delivers much of this, and I believe it will do it in exactly the way we should have been doing it all along. So there is no reason to wait.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Because the key does not lie in the capabilities of the individual. It lies in the capability of the organization.</p></div><blockquote><p>Capabilities are not the bottleneck. Their wiring is.</p></blockquote><p>Most organizations have almost everything they need. They simply fail to bring it together at the right moment.</p><p>And now comes the point where most attempts at steering fall apart.</p><p>This wiring cannot be ordered from above. </p><blockquote><p>Who needs what from whom, and when, is known only to the people doing the work.</p></blockquote><p>So the boss cannot do the allocating. He can only make sure that the allocation happens.</p><p>That is precisely what the Drum Beat System does. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>It is not a distributor and not an authority. It is a way of organizing work.</p></div><p>What matters is not the number of capabilities, but the way they work together.</p><div><hr></div><p>That have been the three causes that leave us permanently overloaded. </p><p>Which raises the question of how the Drum Beat System removes them in day to day operations.</p><h1>Two Models, One System</h1><p>The operational shape is carried by two models.</p><p>The <strong>Pomegranate Tree Model</strong> produces effectiveness. With it we steer the flow of value and make sure that the important gets worked on and the unimportant gets left out.</p><p>The <strong>Universal 4-Stroke Cycle</strong> produces efficiency. It makes sure that errors and development loops are avoided.</p><p>I have written and recorded about both models in more depth than I can go into here. You find all those articles in my publication, and they are worth the detour.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h1>What Do We Take Away Today?</h1><ul><li><p>Continuous fire is not ill will and not a failure of leadership. It is the consequence of a missing control model.</p></li><li><p>Priority lists do not solve it. They push responsibility to the place where the necessary knowledge does not sit.</p></li><li><p>Transparency is not an administrative task. You cannot make anything visible that nobody has worked out beforehand.</p></li><li><p>Structure is what remains when the content changes. It does not come from being introduced, it comes from repetition and correction.</p></li><li><p>Capabilities are not the bottleneck, their wiring is. The boss cannot allocate them. He can only make sure the allocation happens.</p></li><li><p>The Drum Beat System is not an authority and not a distributor. It is a way of organizing work.</p></li></ul><p>One request before I close.</p><p>I have lived continuous fire in more than one setup. It never looked exactly the same twice. What interests me is how it looks elsewhere.</p><p>So leave me a comment on how it works where you are. I read every one and I answer.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/the-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p></p><p>And if you want to follow the remaining elements of the NewPDP, subscribe to the newsletter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>If you like this article, please share it with others who might enjoy it too.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/the-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-drum-beat-system-produces-innovation%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>And if you like my newsletter please recommend and share with others as well.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p><p>Thanks for reading. Take care and stay innovative.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[NewPDP - Mehr Entwickeln ohne mehr zu brauchen.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Produktentwicklung zukunftsf&#228;hig machen. Ein Entwicklungsmodell f&#252;r mechatronische Produkte.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-mehr-entwickeln-ohne-mehr</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-mehr-entwickeln-ohne-mehr</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 07:00:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F209988995%2F21f6ab5cb65d587c9d5f65671925d48a.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nun ist es mir schon wieder passiert.</p><p>Ich sitze im Hinterhof eines italienischen Restaurants in Stuttgart Untert&#252;rkheim und esse Spaghetti aglio e olio. Mit Knoblauch. Der Termin danach ist zum Gl&#252;ck telefonisch.</p><p>Mein Bekannter bl&#228;ttert w&#228;hrenddessen in den Unterlagen zum <strong>NewPDP</strong>.<br>Dann sagt er:</p><blockquote><p>&#8222;Das ist alles viel zu komplex, das versteht keiner. Nimm den Drum Beat raus und lass den Rest weg.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Diesen Vorwurf h&#246;re ich immer wieder. Zu kompliziert, zu viel, zu umfangreich.</p><p>Aber, ist eine einfache Transformation &#252;berhaupt m&#246;glich, wenn man ein ganzes Business System auf den Kopf stellen muss?</p><p>Ich glaube nicht. Was sein muss, das muss sein.</p><p>In einer Sache hat er allerdings recht.</p><p>Der Drum Beat geh&#246;rt tats&#228;chlich als Erstes angepackt, weil er die Basis f&#252;r alles andere legt. Genau deshalb habe ich ihn ausdetailliert und operativ anwendbar gemacht, seit ich den NewPDP im Januar in meinem ersten Podcast hier vorgestellt habe. Und genau deshalb werde ich auch weiterhin intensiv auf ihn eingehen.</p><p>Nur ist mir dabei der Blick auf das Ganze in den Hintergrund geraten.</p><p>Vier Jahre Arbeit stecken in diesem Modell. Und ich habe bisher fast nur &#252;ber eines seiner sieben Elemente geschrieben.</p><p>Vielleicht liegt der Vorwurf also gar nicht am Umfang. Vielleicht liegt er daran, dass ich nie erkl&#228;rt habe, warum jedes einzelne Element gebraucht wird und in welcher Reihenfolge es drankommt.</p><p>Genau das mache ich heute. Und in den n&#228;chsten Wochen.</p><p>Abonnieren Sie den Newsletter, damit Sie die ganze Geschichte mitbekommen.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>Aber zuerst: Was ist eigentlich unser Problem?</p><div><hr></div><h1>Wir sind nicht nur zu langsam, wir fangen auch zu sp&#228;t an!</h1><p>Auf jeder B&#252;hne der deutschen Industrie steht gerade jemand und sagt: Wir sind zu langsam, wir sollten so schnell arbeiten wie die Chinesen.</p><p>Aber unsere Langsamkeit ist nicht das einzige Problem. Es ist viel, viel schlimmer: Wir fangen deutlich zu sp&#228;t an!</p><p>Nicht, weil wir es nicht wissen w&#252;rden, sondern weil wir uns nicht entscheiden k&#246;nnen oder wollen.</p><p>Langsamkeit kann man bek&#228;mpfen und das werden wir hier auch tun. Aber vergangene Zeit kann man nicht zur&#252;ckholen.</p><p>Und wer glaubt, wir holten die Versp&#228;tungen noch auf, dem sage ich: Tr&#228;um weiter. Die Konkurrenz ist nicht nur clever, sie ist auch verdammt schnell.</p><p>Ich gehe deshalb beiden Fragen nach. </p><ul><li><p>Warum tun wir uns mit dem Anfangen so schwer? </p></li><li><p>Und wie werden wir schneller?</p></li></ul><h1>Mehr entwickeln ohne mehr zu brauchen</h1><p>Als wenn das nicht schon schwierig genug w&#228;re, muss ich noch eine unangenehme &#220;berraschung auf den Tisch legen:</p><p><em>Wir tragen einen gewaltigen Sandsack auf den Schultern, den viele unserer Konkurrenten nicht schleppen m&#252;ssen.</em></p><p>Denn viele Wettbewerber sind Start-ups oder Regierungsunterst&#252;tzte Organisationen. Sie werfen alles Geld und alle Ressourcen auf ein einziges Zukunftsthema.</p><p>Profitabilit&#228;t? Hat morgen noch Zeit. </p><p>Ihre Geldgeber warten geduldig, in der Hoffnung, dass der Gewinn dann irgendwann sp&#228;ter umso gewaltiger ausf&#228;llt.</p><p>Ich entstamme der Old Economy. </p><p>Da wollen die Investoren heute schon Profit sehen und zwar nicht zu knapp.</p><p>Die Aufgabe ist klar: Liefert heute ordentliche Rendite und finanziert gleichzeitig die Zukunft!</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Das f&#252;hrt zu der ungem&#252;tlichen Situation, dass wir aus den gleichen Mitteln und Ressourcen deutlich mehr rausholen m&#252;ssen.</p></div><p>Wie die &#220;berschrift sagt: Mehr entwickeln ohne mehr zu brauchen.</p><p>Eine Mission Impossible? </p><p>Ich glaube nicht, denn die Old Economy hat auch ein paar Vorteile, die wir nutzen k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Aber eins ist f&#252;r mich zweifelsfrei klar: Daf&#252;r ist eine grundlegende Transformation erforderlich!</p><div><hr></div><p>Genug mit der Analyse. </p><p>Schauen wir uns den NewPDP an, denn er ist als Antwort darauf konzipiert.</p><h1>Der Aufbau: vier Arbeitsweisen, drei Voraussetzungen</h1><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%212yTp%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fef1fd99d-06f0-4a19-89f8-e5373275c9a6_2400x1449.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2yTp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef1fd99d-06f0-4a19-89f8-e5373275c9a6_2400x1449.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2yTp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef1fd99d-06f0-4a19-89f8-e5373275c9a6_2400x1449.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2yTp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef1fd99d-06f0-4a19-89f8-e5373275c9a6_2400x1449.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2yTp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef1fd99d-06f0-4a19-89f8-e5373275c9a6_2400x1449.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2yTp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef1fd99d-06f0-4a19-89f8-e5373275c9a6_2400x1449.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Practices (Arbeitsweisen)</strong> sind die Themengebiete, die transformiert werden m&#252;ssen, und die Methoden, die den Effekt erzielen.</p></div><p>Ihre Reihenfolge ist so gew&#228;hlt, dass zuerst das angepackt wird, was Grundlage f&#252;r alles Weitere schafft. </p><p>Damit wende ich schon ein Prinzip an, auf das ich zur&#252;ckkommen werde:</p><blockquote><p>Priorisiere die Themen, die jetzt den h&#246;chsten Wertzuwachs bringen und diejenigen, die den gr&#246;&#223;ten Wertverlust produzieren, wenn sie nicht jetzt gleich erledigt werden.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Enablers (Voraussetzungen)</strong> betreffen Ver&#228;nderungen im Umfeld, ohne die die Transformation nicht gelingt. Hier gibt es keine Reihenfolge. An  F&#252;hrung, Organisation und Architektur kann und sollte gleichzeitig gearbeitet werden.</p></div><p>Neugierig? </p><p>Dann steigen wir kurz in die wesentlichen Merkmale ein. </p><p>Wer ungeduldig ist, schreibt mich einfach an, dann gehen wir direkt zum Schwerpunkt Ihrer Wahl.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>Die vier Arbeitsweisen</h1><h2>1. Drum Beat System (DBS)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Im Takt zusammenarbeiten.</em></p></div><p>&#8222;Wir arbeiten gerade im QGx.&#8221;</p><p>Diesen Satz habe ich immer wieder geh&#246;rt.</p><p>Er ist sprachlicher Unsinn. In einem Gate kann man nicht arbeiten. Ein Gate ist ein Kontrollpunkt.</p><p>Trotzdem sagen ihn alle. Weil unser Prozess nur die Kontrollpunkte benennt und nicht die Zeitr&#228;ume dazwischen. Es gibt kein Wort f&#252;r den Zeitraum, in dem tats&#228;chlich gearbeitet wird.</p><p>Genau diese L&#252;cke f&#252;llt das Drum Beat. System.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Der Drum Beat gibt dem Dazwischen einen Rhythmus, Namen und Synchronisierungspunkte.</p></div><ul><li><p>Das Granatapfelbaum-Modell schafft Effektivit&#228;t durch Ziel Priorisierung und Gleichschritt.</p></li><li><p>Der universelle 4-Takt-Zyklus schafft Effizienz durch Fehlervermeidung und strukturierte Arbeitsvorbereitung.</p></li></ul><p>Beide sind Bestandteil des Drum Beat Systems.</p><p>Und eine einzige Regel tr&#228;gt das Ganze:</p><blockquote><p>Ein Drum Beat wird nie gedehnt.</p></blockquote><p>Sobald der Takt verl&#228;ngert wird sind wir wieder dort, wo wir hergekommen sind. Dann verhandeln wir wieder Termine statt Inhalte.</p><p>Das Drum Beat System ist der Schmierstoff f&#252;r alles andere. Wenn es funktioniert, l&#228;uft die ganze Maschine leichter.</p><p>Darum fangen wir damit an.</p><h2>2. Learning Standard Routines (LSR)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Fokus schafft Professionalit&#228;t.</em></p></div><p>Wahrgenommene Komplexit&#228;t und Volatilit&#228;t lassen eine Erkenntnis in Vergessenheit geraten: </p><div class="pullquote"><p>K&#246;nnen entsteht durch Wiederholung.</p></div><blockquote><p>Nicht jede T&#228;tigkeit ist komplex und nicht das ganze Umfeld ist volatil. Repetitive T&#228;tigkeiten in stabilem Umfeld gibt es, und es wird sie immer geben.</p></blockquote><p>F&#252;r sie gilt: </p><ul><li><p>Identifizieren, </p></li><li><p>Vorgehensweise definieren, </p></li><li><p>dauerhaft dieselben Leute darauf ansetzen. </p></li><li><p>Und diese Leute ihr Vorgehen selbst kontinuierlich verbessern lassen.</p></li></ul><p>Jetzt kommt der Einwand, und er kommt zuverl&#228;ssig: Das ist doch Taylorismus.</p><p>Zur H&#228;lfte ja. Von Taylor bleibt die feste Zuordnung. Was wegf&#228;llt, ist die Trennung von Ausf&#252;hren und Verbessern.</p><p>Ich halte das f&#252;r einen der Vorteile der Old Economy. </p><blockquote><p>Eigentlich wissen wir, wie das geht. Da, wo es sinnvoll ist, m&#252;ssen wir es wieder kompromisslos tun.</p></blockquote><p>Und ein Aspekt kommt dazu: Standardisierte Prozesse lassen sich einfacher automatisieren und digitalisieren, als unstrukturierte. Das potenziert die Effizienzsteigerung.</p><p>Darum kommen die Lernenden Standardroutinen als zweites an die Reihe.</p><h2>3. Hardware Light Development (HLD)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Virtuell vor materiell.</em></p></div><p>Digitalisierung ist in aller Munde. Jeder redet &#252;ber KI, &#252;ber Virtualisierung, &#252;ber digitale Zwillinge.</p><p>Zu Recht. </p><p>Arbeit an echter Hardware ist langwierig und teuer. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Also m&#252;ssen wir virtualisieren, was geht. </p></div><p>Kein Zweifel.</p><p>Die Herausforderung steckt in diesem kleinen Nachsatz: <em>was geht.</em></p><p>Auch wenn mir dabei sicher nicht alle zustimmen werden: Solange das Produkt eine Hardware ist, bleibt ein Rest Hardwarearbeit unverzichtbar.</p><p>Die entscheidende Ver&#228;nderung ist nicht auf Hardware komplett zu verzichten.</p><blockquote><p>Sondern mit minimalstem Hardwareeinsatz die gleiche Qualit&#228;t und Funktionalit&#228;t zu entwickeln, nur viel schneller und billiger.</p></blockquote><p>Jetzt fragen Sie sich, wie das gehen soll? </p><p>Genau das werden wir herausfinden.</p><h2>4. Predictive Technology Readiness (PTR)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Reif, wenn es gebraucht wird.</em></p></div><p>Ich h&#246;re h&#228;ufig: Wir m&#252;ssen schneller neue Technologien in den Markt bringen.</p><p>Meine Beobachtung ist, dass wir uns allzu h&#228;ufig erst dann f&#252;r eine Technologieentwicklung entscheiden, wenn wir die Technologie dringend brauchen.</p><p>Das ist zu sp&#228;t!</p><p>Es gibt allerdings auch den umgekehrten Fehler. Zu zeitig zu viel in innovative Technologien zu investieren.</p><p>Eine Technologie, die fertig im Regal liegt, bevor irgendjemand sie braucht, ist Bestand. Und Bestand verdirbt.</p><p>Das Wissen wandert mit den Leuten ab, der Stand veraltet.</p><blockquote><p>Die Herausforderung liegt also nicht nur in der Geschwindigkeit, sondern im richtigen Ma&#223;.</p></blockquote><p>Wie managen wir die Entwicklung einer Technologie so, dass sie genau dann reif ist, wenn wir sie brauchen?</p><p>Genau damit befasst sich diese Arbeitsweise.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Die drei Voraussetzungen</h1><h2>Leadership (L)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Klare Richtung, ein Team.</em></p></div><p>Zum Thema F&#252;hrung gibt es unz&#228;hlige Modelle und Meinungen.</p><p>Mich interessiert nur eine Frage:</p><blockquote><p>Was muss F&#252;hrung leisten, damit eine Produktentwicklung schnell und mit minimalem Ressourceneinsatz hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielt?</p></blockquote><p>Eine Antwort vorweg:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>F&#252;hrung hei&#223;t mitarbeiten. Wer nur entscheidet, f&#252;hrt nicht.</strong></p></div><ul><li><p>Was entscheidet das Team selbst und wie wird es bef&#228;higt, dieser Verantwortung gerecht zu werden?</p></li><li><p>Welche Arbeitsauftr&#228;ge nimmt der Chef vom Team entgegen und wie zuverl&#228;ssig erledigt er sie?</p></li></ul><div class="pullquote"><p>Hier geht es um Vertrauen.</p></div><p>&#8220;Ein Team&#8221; ist keine Floskel, es ist eine Einstellung, eine Unternehmenskultur.</p><p>Wie im Teamsport gibt es unterschiedliche Spieler mit unterschiedlichen Rollen und die Art des Zusammenspiels muss klar verstanden und trainiert werden. </p><p>Und auch da gibt es Standardsituationen.</p><p>Und wenn wir das Thema schon mal auf dem Tisch haben, schauen wir uns nat&#252;rlich auch die Selbstf&#252;hrung an.</p><h2>Organisation (O)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Struktur folgt dem System.</em></p></div><p>Solange ich mich erinnern kann, erlebe ich die Debatte, ob Funktionalorganisation oder Divisionalorganisation die bessere Form ist. Das Pendel wechselt regelm&#228;&#223;ig die Richtung, am Ende steht fast immer eine Matrixorganisation.</p><p>Jetzt kommt das agile Unternehmen in Mode, und gleichzeitig beansprucht das Systems Engineering Einfluss auf die Organisationsform der Entwicklung.</p><p>Damit ist das eigentliche Problem benannt.</p><p>Die Matrix hat heute zwei Achsen: Kompetenz, also wer es kann und Prozess, also wie es l&#228;uft.</p><p>Das Systems Engineering bringt eine dritte ins Spiel, n&#228;mlich die Produktfunktionalit&#228;t.</p><p>Nur &#252;berlebt eine Matrix keine dritte Achse. Drei Zugeh&#246;rigkeiten, drei Zielsysteme, drei Leute, die &#252;ber dieselbe Person verf&#252;gen.</p><blockquote><p>Abgebildet werden m&#252;ssen trotzdem alle drei. Aber es kann nur eine Organisation geben, und in ihr ist immer eine Achse f&#252;hrend. Das ist heute schon so, entweder f&#252;hrt die funktionale oder die divisionale.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>Die Frage lautet deshalb nicht, wie wir die dritte Achse hinzuf&#252;gen. Sondern welches Prinzip k&#252;nftig f&#252;hrt. Und wie die Organisation darum herum gestaltet wird.</p></div><p>Darauf brauchen wir eine Antwort, denn ohne geeignete Organisationsform ist schnelles und effizientes Arbeiten nicht m&#246;glich.</p><h2>Architektur (A)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Modularer Fortschritt.</em></p></div><p>Es ist der Traum jedes Entwicklers, ein vollkommen neues Produkt entwickeln zu d&#252;rfen.</p><p>Ich hatte diese Chance sogar mehrfach.</p><p>Und jedes Mal hat sich die Organisation hinterher geschworen, so etwas nie wieder zu machen.</p><p>Unendlich teuer, unendlich langwierig.</p><p>Und kaum ist man fertig, ist das Produkt veraltet und die n&#228;chsten W&#252;nsche liegen auf dem Tisch.</p><p>In der Konsequenz habe ich mich intensiv damit besch&#228;ftigt, wie man Hardwareprodukte so modular gestaltet, dass Verbesserungen und neue Funktionalit&#228;ten inkrementell entwickelt werden k&#246;nnen.</p><p>Wer aus der Softwarewelt kommt, erkennt darin das Inkrement.</p><p>Dort war es lange genauso. Zu Zeiten des Spaghetticodes musste bei jeder &#196;nderung fast alles neu gemacht werden. </p><p>Erst die objektorientierte Programmierung und die Architekturprinzipien danach haben das Inkrement m&#246;glich gemacht. Das ist Jahrzehnte her.</p><p>In der Hardware steht uns diese Entwicklung noch bevor. Modulare Architekturen gibt es auch bei uns seit &#252;ber zwanzig Jahren. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Sie sind nur nicht gut genug verstanden und nicht sauber genug definiert.</p></div><p>Genau darum geht es in diesem Element. Es soll die L&#252;cken f&#252;llen, die einer inkrementellen Produktentwicklung in der Mechatronik im Weg stehen.</p><p>Wie eine solche Architektur konkret aussieht, definiert der NewPDP nicht. Das w&#228;re zu speziell f&#252;r ein generelles Framework. </p><blockquote><p>Er definiert, welche Eigenschaften und Prozesse die Architektur aufweisen muss.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>Warum ich nichts weglasse</h1><p>Zur&#252;ck zum Hinterhof in Untert&#252;rkheim. Nimm den Drum Beat raus und lass den Rest weg.</p><p>Hier ist meine Antwort.</p><p>Die sieben Elemente stehen nicht nebeneinander, sie greifen ineinander. Jedes schafft Voraussetzungen f&#252;r die anderen, und jedes profitiert von den anderen.</p><p>Das ist die Natur eines Systems.</p><p>Nehmen Sie sich zwei beliebige davon heraus und fragen Sie sich, was das eine ohne das andere wert ist.</p><p>Und der NewPDP ist in dieser Auspr&#228;gung schon eine Vereinfachung. </p><p>Er konzentriert sich ausschlie&#223;lich auf die Systemelemente, die bei der Entwicklung mechatronischer Produkte heute den gr&#246;&#223;ten Ver&#228;nderungsbedarf aufweisen.</p><p>Man kann mit einem Element anfangen. Man muss sogar. Aber man kommt mit einem allein nicht zum Ziel.</p><p>Wenn ich in einiger Zeit wieder einen &#220;berblicksartikel schreibe, ist die Geschichte hoffentlich etwas anders. </p><p>Wir werden Probleme gel&#246;st haben, &#252;ber die wir dann nicht mehr reden m&#252;ssen, und daf&#252;r wird es neue Herausforderungen geben.</p><p>Ich schreibe diese Serie nicht, um recht zu haben. Ich schreibe sie, weil ich diese Transformation mit Leuten zusammen mache, die mittendrin stecken.</p><p>Wenn Sie Lust haben, machen Sie mit.</p><div><hr></div><p>Und jetzt bin ich neugierig.</p><p>Welches der sieben Elemente ist in Ihrer Organisation das gr&#246;&#223;te Problem? Und welches w&#228;re am schnellsten zu haben?</p><p>Schreiben Sie mir das gerne in die Kommentare oder direkt als Nachricht.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-mehr-entwickeln-ohne-mehr/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fnewpdp-mehr-entwickeln-ohne-mehr%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p></p><p>Und wenn Sie vor dieser Transformation stehen und nicht allein anfangen wollen, schreiben Sie mir das auch.</p><p>In den n&#228;chsten Wochen nehme ich jedes Element einzeln auseinander. Wer die ganze Geschichte mitbekommen will, abonniert am besten den Newsletter oder den Podcast.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>Und wenn Ihnen der Artikel gefallen hat, teilen Sie ihn. Empfehlen Sie den Newsletter weiter, damit auch andere etwas davon haben.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-mehr-entwickeln-ohne-mehr?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fnewpdp-mehr-entwickeln-ohne-mehr%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[NewPDP: Develop More Without Needing More]]></title><description><![CDATA[Making product development future-proof. The development model for mechatronic products.]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-more-with-less</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-more-with-less</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 07:01:03 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21K70U%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252F4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:892,&quot;width&quot;:1337,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1945249,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/i/209510920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K70U!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K70U!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K70U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K70U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a6814c0-77db-4f68-8d1a-350939a3d2e2_1337x892.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>There it goes again.</p><p>I am sitting in the back courtyard of an Italian restaurant in Stuttgart Untert&#252;rkheim, eating spaghetti aglio e olio. With garlic. Luckily my next meeting is on the phone.</p><p>My lunch companion is going through the <strong>NewPDP</strong> material. Then he says:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;This is far too complex, nobody will get it. Take out the Drum Beat and drop the rest.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>I hear this over and over. Too complicated, too much, too big.</p><p>But is a simple transformation even possible when you have to turn an entire business system upside down?</p><p>I don&#8217;t think so. What must be, must be.</p><p>On one point, though, he is right.</p><p>The Drum Beat really is the piece to tackle first, because it lays the foundation for everything else.</p><p>That is exactly why I have detailed it out and made it operationally usable ever since I introduced the NewPDP here in January, in an <a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Frethinking-product-development">article</a>. And it is exactly why I will keep going deeper on it.</p><p>Along the way, though, I lost sight of the whole.</p><p>Four years of work went into this model. And so far I have written almost exclusively about one of its seven elements.</p><p>So maybe the complaint isn&#8217;t about the size at all.</p><p>Maybe it is about the fact that I never explained why each single element is needed and in what order it comes.</p><p>That is what I am doing today. And in the weeks ahead.</p><p>Please, subscribe to the newsletter so you get the whole story.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>But first: what exactly is our problem?</p><h1>We aren&#8217;t just too slow, we are also too late!</h1><p>On every stage in German industry someone is currently saying: &#8220;We are too slow, we should work as fast as the Chinese.&#8221;</p><p>But our slowness isn&#8217;t the only problem. It is much, much worse: we start far too late!</p><p>Not because we don&#8217;t know better, but because we can&#8217;t or won&#8217;t decide.</p><p>Slowness can be fought, and we will do exactly that here. But time that has passed cannot be brought back.</p><p>And to anyone who believes we will still catch up, I say: keep dreaming. The competition isn&#8217;t just clever, it is also damn fast.</p><p>So I will pursue both questions. </p><ul><li><p>Why do we find it so hard to start? </p></li><li><p>And how do we get faster at the same time?</p></li></ul><h1>Develop more without needing more</h1><p>As if that weren&#8217;t difficult enough, I have to put one more unpleasant surprise on the table:</p><p><em>We are carrying a huge sandbag on our shoulders that many of our competitors don&#8217;t have to haul around.</em></p><p>Because many of our competitors are start-ups or goverment supported. They throw all their money and all their resources at a single topic of the future.</p><p>Profitability? That can wait until tomorrow. </p><p>Their investors wait patiently, hoping the profit will be all the more enormous somewhere down the line.</p><p>I come from the Old Economy. </p><p>There the investors want to see profit today, and not a small one either.</p><p>The mandate is clear: deliver a solid return today <strong>and</strong> finance the future at the same time!</p><div class="pullquote"><p>That leads to the uncomfortable situation that we have to get considerably more out of the same money and the same people.</p></div><p>As the headline says: develop more without needing more.</p><p>Mission impossible? </p><p>I don&#8217;t think so, because the Old Economy has a few advantages of its own that we can use.</p><p>But one thing is beyond doubt for me: it takes a fundamental transformation.</p><div><hr></div><p>Enough analysis. </p><p>Let&#8217;s look at the NewPDP, because it is designed as the answer to all of this.</p><h1>The structure: four practices, three enablers</h1><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21y-KS%21%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstackcdn.com%2Fimage%2Ffetch%2F%24s_%21y-KS%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%252Fpublic%252Fimages%252Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png" width="1456" height="879" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y-KS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa296d6b6-5328-44d8-b337-35b975c5d21b_2400x1449.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Practices</strong> are the areas that have to be transformed, together with the methods that produce the effect.</p></div><p>Their order is chosen so that we first tackle what lays the groundwork for everything else. </p><p>In doing so I am already applying a principle I will come back to:</p><blockquote><p>Prioritise the topics that create the highest gain in value right now. And those that produce the greatest loss in value if they are not dealt with immediately.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Enablers</strong> concern changes in the environment without which the transformation will not succeed. </p></div><p>Here there is no order. Leadership, organisation and architecture can and should be worked on at the same time.</p><p>Curious? </p><p>Then let&#8217;s take a short look at the essential features of each. </p><p>And if you are impatient, just write to me and we will go straight to the topic of your choice.</p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>The four practices</h1><h2>1. Drum Beat System (DBS)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Pulling together, on one beat.</em></p></div><p>&#8220;We are currently working in QGx.&#8221;</p><p>I have heard this sentence over and over.</p><p>It is linguistic nonsense. You cannot work inside a gate. A gate is a checkpoint.</p><p>People say it anyway. Because our process only names the checkpoints and not the stretches in between. </p><p>There is no word for the period in which the work actually happens.</p><p>That is exactly the gap the Drum Beat System fills.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>The Drum Beat gives the in-between a rhythm, a name and points of synchronisation.</p></div><ul><li><p>The pomegranate tree model creates effectiveness through goal prioritisation and keeping everyone in sync.</p></li><li><p>The universal four-stroke cycle creates efficiency through error avoidance and structured preparation of the work.</p></li></ul><p>Both are part of the Drum Beat System.</p><p>And a single rule carries the whole thing:</p><blockquote><p>A Drum Beat is never stretched.</p></blockquote><p>The moment the beat gets extended, we are back where we came from. Then we are negotiating dates again instead of content.</p><p>The Drum Beat System is the lubricant for everything else. When it works, the whole machine runs more easily.</p><p>That is why we start here.</p><h2>2. Learning Standard Routines (LSR)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Focus builds mastery.</em></p></div><p>Perceived complexity and volatility have pushed one insight out of view: </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Skill comes from repetition.</p></div><blockquote><p>Not every activity is complex, and not the whole environment is volatile. Repetitive activities in a stable environment exist, and they always will.</p></blockquote><p>For those, the rule is: </p><ul><li><p>Identify them, </p></li><li><p>define the way of working, </p></li><li><p>put the same people on them permanently. </p></li><li><p>And let those people improve their own way of working continuously.</p></li></ul><p>Now comes the objection, and it comes reliably: isn&#8217;t that Taylorism?</p><p>Half of it, yes. What stays from Taylor is the fixed assignment. What goes is the separation of doing and improving.</p><p>I consider this one of the advantages of the Old Economy. </p><blockquote><p>We actually know how to do this. Where it makes sense, we have to do it without compromise again.</p></blockquote><p>And one more aspect: standardised processes are easier to automate and digitise than unstructured ones. That multiplies the efficiency gain.</p><p>That is why Learning Standard Routines come second.</p><h2>3. Hardware Light Development (HLD)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Virtual before physical.</em></p></div><p>Digitalisation is on everybody&#8217;s lips. Everyone talks about AI, about virtualisation, about digital twins.</p><p>And rightly so. </p><p>Working on real hardware is slow and expensive. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>So we have to virtualise whatever we can. </p></div><p>No doubt about it.</p><p>The challenge sits in that small qualifier: <em>whatever we can.</em></p><p>Even if not everyone will agree with me here: as long as the product is a piece of hardware, a remainder of hardware work stays indispensable.</p><p>The decisive change is not to do away with hardware entirely. </p><blockquote><p>It is to develop the same quality and the same functionality with the smallest possible amount of hardware, only far faster and far cheaper.</p></blockquote><p>Now you are asking yourself how that is supposed to work? </p><p>That is exactly what we are going to find out.</p><h2>4. Predictive Technology Readiness (PTR)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Ready when it is needed.</em></p></div><p>I often hear: we have to bring new technologies to market faster.</p><p>My observation is that all too often we only decide to develop a new technology once we urgently need it.</p><p>That is too late!</p><p>But there is also the opposite mistake. </p><p>Investing too much in innovative technology too early.</p><p>A technology that sits finished on the shelf before anyone needs it is inventory. And inventory ages.</p><p>The knowledge walks out of the door with the people, and what is left falls behind.</p><blockquote><p>So the challenge is not only speed, it is the right measure.</p></blockquote><p>How do we manage the development of a technology so that it is ready exactly when we need it?</p><p>That is precisely what this practice deals with.</p><div><hr></div><h1>The three enablers</h1><h2>Leadership (L)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Clear direction, one team.</em></p></div><p>There are countless models and opinions on leadership.</p><p>Only one question interests me:</p><blockquote><p>What does leadership have to deliver so that product development achieves outstanding results quickly and with minimal resources?</p></blockquote><p>One answer up front:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Leading means working too. Whoever only decides is not leading.</strong></p></div><ul><li><p>What does the team decide for itself, and how is it enabled to live up to that responsibility?</p></li><li><p>Which tasks does the boss take on from the team, and how reliably does he deliver them?</p></li></ul><div class="pullquote"><p>This is about trust.</p></div><p>&#8220;One team&#8221; is not a platitude. It is an attitude, a company culture.</p><p>As in team sport, there are different players with different roles, and the way they play together has to be clearly understood and practised. </p><p>And there, too, you have set pieces.</p><p>And while we have the subject on the table, we will of course also look at leading yourself.</p><h2>Organisation (O)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Structure follows the system.</em></p></div><p>For as long as I can remember I have watched the debate over whether a functional or a divisional organisation is the better form. The pendulum keeps changing direction, and in the end we almost always land at a matrix.</p><p>Now the agile enterprise is coming into fashion, and at the same time systems engineering is laying claim to the organisational form of development.</p><p>That names the actual problem.</p><p>Today the matrix has two dimensions: competence, meaning who can do it. And process, meaning how it runs. Systems engineering brings a third into play, namely product functionality.</p><p>Only a matrix does not survive a third dimension. Three memberships, three sets of goals, three people with a claim on the same person.</p><blockquote><p>All three still have to be represented. But there can only be one organisation, and inside it one dimension always leads. That is already the case today, either the functional or the divisional one leads.</p></blockquote><div class="pullquote"><p>So the question is not how we add the third dimension. It is which principle leads from now on. And how the organisation is built around it.</p></div><p>We need an answer to that, because without a suitable organisational form fast and efficient work is not possible.</p><h2>Architecture (A)</h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Modular progress.</em></p></div><p>It is every engineer&#8217;s dream to be allowed to develop a completely new product.</p><p>I even had that chance several times.</p><p>And every time, the organisation swore afterwards never to do such a thing again.</p><p>Endlessly expensive and endlessly long.</p><p>You are barely finished, and the product is already out of date. The next wishes are on the table.</p><p>As a consequence I have spent a lot of time on how to design hardware products modularly enough that improvements and new functionality can be developed incrementally.</p><p>Anyone coming from the software world will recognise the increment in that.</p><p>Over there it was the same for a long time. In the days of spaghetti code, almost everything had to be redone with every change. </p><p>It was object-oriented programming and the architectural principles that followed it that made the increment possible in the first place. That was decades ago.</p><p>In hardware, that development is still ahead of us. </p><p>Modular architectures have existed on our side for more than twenty years too. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>They are simply not well enough understood and not cleanly enough defined.</p></div><p>That is exactly what this element is about. It is meant to close the gaps that stand in the way of incremental product development in mechatronics.</p><p>The NewPDP does not define what such an architecture concretely looks like. That would be too specific for a general framework. </p><blockquote><p>It defines which properties and which processes it has to have.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h1>Why I leave nothing out</h1><p>Back to the courtyard in Untert&#252;rkheim. Take out the Drum Beat and drop the rest.</p><p>Here is my answer.</p><p>The seven elements do not stand next to each other, they interlock. Each one creates preconditions for the others, and each one benefits from the others.</p><p>That is the nature of a system.</p><p>Pick any two of them and ask yourself what one is worth without the other.</p><p>And in this shape the NewPDP is already a simplification. </p><p>It concentrates exclusively on those elements of the system that carry the greatest need for change in mechatronic product development today.</p><p>You can start with one element. In fact you have to. But with one alone you will not get there.</p><p>When I write another overview article some time from now, the story will hopefully look a little different. </p><p>We will have solved problems we no longer need to talk about, and there will be new challenges instead.</p><p>I am not writing this series to be right. I am writing it because I do this transformation together with people who are in the middle of it.</p><p>Join me.</p><div><hr></div><p>And now I am curious.</p><p>Which of the seven elements is the biggest problem in your organisation? And which one would be the quickest win?</p><p>Write it in the comments, or send me a message directly.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-more-with-less/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fnewpdp-more-with-less%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p></p><p>And if you are facing this transformation and would rather not start alone, tell me that too.</p><p>Over the coming weeks I will take each element apart on its own. If you want the whole story, the best thing to do is subscribe to the newsletter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>And if you liked this article, share it.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/newpdp-more-with-less?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fnewpdp-more-with-less%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p> Pass the newsletter on, so other people get something out of it too.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Der blinde Fleck: Wirkungsgrad in der Wissensarbeit]]></title><description><![CDATA[Wie das Granatapfelmodell und der universelle 4 Takt Zyklus gemeinsam Effizienz und Effektivit&#228;t bringen]]></description><link>https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/wirkungsgrad-in-der-wissensarbeit</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/wirkungsgrad-in-der-wissensarbeit</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Uwe Mierisch]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 07:02:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.substack.com%2Ffeed%2Fpodcast%2F208819288%2F5fd9d3e189f3ddbd25fb8647a7cc5411.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ich bin Ingenieur. Die Arbeit am Wirkungsgrad war das ganze Berufsleben mein t&#228;gliches Brot.</p><p>Sie kennen das noch aus der Schule: </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Wirkungsgrad ist Nutzen geteilt durch Aufwand.</p></div><p>Hier mal ein kleines Beispiel zur Erinnerung:</p><p>Ein Motor nimmt z.B. 100 kWh Energie in Form von 10l Diesel auf. Am Ende des Triebstranges kommen 40 kWh nutzbarer Arbeit am Rad auf der Stra&#223;e an. Damit kann der LKW auf der Autobahn rund 36 km weit fahren.</p><p>Der Wirkungsgrad: 40 Prozent.</p><p>Meine Aufgabe als Ingenieur war klar und eindeutig: Den Wirkungsgrad kontinuierlich erh&#246;hen.</p><p>Wie?<br>Indem ich penibel Energieverluste aufsp&#252;re!</p><p>Wo verschwindet die Energie, ohne nutzbare Arbeit zu leisten?<br>Reibung hier. W&#228;rmeverlust dort.<br>Ineffizienzen suchen, finden und beseitigen. Das ist die Vorgehensweise.</p><p>Wenn die Messwerte dann den geforderten Verbesserungsfaktor zeigen, ist der Ingenieur stolz und der Chef zufrieden. Der Erfolg ist real.</p><blockquote><p>Diese Arbeit ist sehr motivierend, weil Erfolg und Misserfolg klar und zweifelsfrei belegbar sind.</p></blockquote><h3>Wissensarbeit geht eigentlich genauso und trotzdem ist es grundlegend anders</h3><p>Als ich F&#252;hrungskraft in der Fahrzeugentwicklung wurde, lag der Fokus meiner eigenen Arbeit nicht mehr auf dem Wirkungsgrad des Produktes, sondern auf dem Wirkungsgrad meiner Organisation.</p><p>Die Problemstellung war eigentlich gleich, aber trotzdem viel, viel schwieriger zu l&#246;sen.</p><p>Es gibt einen Aufwand, das sind die Ressourcen, die eingesetzt werden:</p><ul><li><p>Personal,</p></li><li><p>Material,</p></li><li><p>Equipment.</p></li></ul><p>Dieser Aufwand ist messbar. Man kann die Mitarbeiter z&#228;hlen, die Materialkosten erfassen und die Abschreibung auf das Equipment berechnen.</p><p>Und es gibt einen Nutzen:</p><p>Die Profitabilit&#228;t des Produktes. Die ist messbar &#8212; eigentlich.</p><p>Aber hier wird es kompliziert.</p><p>Wie &#252;bersetzt sich die Leistungsf&#228;higkeit des Produktes in die Zahlungsbereitschaft des Kunden? </p><ul><li><p>Ist das Produkt nicht gut genug oder hat der Verk&#228;ufer schlecht verhandelt?</p></li><li><p>Ist die Konjunktur schuld an zu hohen Kosten oder haben die Entwickler zu teure L&#246;sungen gew&#228;hlt?</p></li></ul><p>Die Faktoren, die den Gewinn beeinflussen sind undurchschaubar und nicht quantifizierbar.</p><p>Es ist eine hochkomplexe Problemstellung, die sich einer ingenieurtechnische Analyse entzieht.</p><p>Also musste ich einen anderen Ansatz finden.</p><p>Ich fand ihn bei Peter Drucker. Und er war gleichzeitig einfach und tiefgreifend: </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Teile den Wirkungsgrad auf in <strong>Effizienz und Effektivit&#228;t.</strong></p></div><blockquote><p><strong>Effektivit&#228;t:</strong> Die Frage, <em>wof&#252;r</em> die Ressourcen eingesetzt werden.</p><p><strong>Effizienz:</strong> Die Frage, <em>wie viel</em> Ressourcen eingesetzt werden.</p></blockquote><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Pl&#246;tzlich ist der Wirkungsgrad analysierbar, ohne kausale Zusammenh&#228;nge zum Ergebnis kennen zu m&#252;ssen.</p></div><p>Wenn ich den Anteil von Aufwand reduziere, der in T&#228;tigkeiten ohne Nutzen flie&#223;t, steigt der Wirkungsgrad.</p><p>Wenn ich die Menge an Aufwand reduziere, der in nutzvolle T&#228;tigkeiten flie&#223;t ohne das Ergebnis zu beeintr&#228;chtigen, auch dann steigt er.</p><p>Schaffe ich es diese beiden Effekte systematisch und reproduzierbar zu realisieren, dann kann ich davon ausgehen, dass der Wirkungsgrad steigt.</p><p>Daf&#252;r brauche ich aber ein System, eine Methode.</p><p>Aus dieser Erkenntnis entstanden die zwei Modelle.</p><p>Das <strong>Granatapfelbaum-Modell</strong> &#8212; es schafft Effektivit&#228;t.</p><p>Der <strong>Universelle 4-Takt-Zyklus</strong> &#8212; er schafft Effizienz.</p><p>Beide kombiniert erh&#246;hen den Wirkungsgrad in der Wissensarbeit.</p><p>Und das wunderbare an der Sache ist, dass es nicht nur in der Entwicklung funktioniert, sondern in allen indirekten Bereichen.</p><h2>Die Wirksamkeit steigern</h2><p>Um den Wirkungsgrad bei der Arbeit zu erh&#246;hen, beginne ich mit einer gr&#252;ndlichen Wertstromanalyse:</p><p>Welche T&#228;tigkeiten haben einen echten Wertbeitrag, und welche nicht?</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Die T&#228;tigkeiten mit Wertbeitrag werden priorisiert, alle anderen minimiert oder ganz vermieden.</p></div><p>Doch das ist nur die halbe Wahrheit.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Genauso wichtig wie die richtige Auswahl der T&#228;tigkeiten ist es, Fehler bei der Arbeit zu vermeiden.</p></div><p>Denn jeder Fehler ist eine Verschwendung. Er f&#252;hrt zu Schleifen, R&#252;cksetzern, Doppelarbeit, &#220;berplanungen, Wiederholungen, verlorener Zeit.</p><p>Um das zu verhindern, m&#252;ssen wir die Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit erh&#246;hen und den direkten Weg gehen: ohne Schleifen, ohne Irrt&#252;mer, so geradlinig wie m&#246;glich zum Ziel.</p><p>Das ist klar die erste Priorit&#228;t.</p><p>Aber da Fehler nicht komplett unvermeidbar sind, m&#252;ssen wir in der zweiten Priorit&#228;t erreichen, dass wir, wenn wir schon Fehler machen, diese so zeitig wie m&#246;glich machen und so schnell wie m&#246;glich erkennen.</p><p>Doch nun will ich kurz auf die wesentlichen Aspekte der beiden Modelle eingehen:</p><h2>Das Granatapfelbaum-Modell k&#252;mmert sich um die Effektivit&#228;t</h2><p>Mit dem Granatapfelbaum - Modell wird der Wertstrom adressiert.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Es ist eine Methode des gezielten Priorisierens. Hier geht es darum die richtigen Sachen zum richtigen Zeitpunkt zu erledigen.</p></div><blockquote><p>&#220;ber 4 Ebenen wird systematisch bewertet, welche Ziele bzw. Ergebnisse gerade jetzt die wichtigsten sind, um den gr&#246;&#223;tm&#246;glichen Nutzen zu erhalten.</p></blockquote><h3>Ressourcen werden immer verbraucht</h3><p>Ich halte es f&#252;r wichtig an dieser Stelle eine wichtige Beobachtung zu teilen:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Verf&#252;gbaren Ressourcen werden immer verbraucht!</strong></p></div><p>Das ist im Sinne von einem hohen Wirkungsgrad sogar gut und richtig.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Bei dieser Aussage werden wohl dem einen oder anderen Leser die Haare zu Berge stehen.</p><p>Sollten wir nicht sparsam mit Ressourcen umgehen und so wenig wie m&#246;glich davon verbrauchen?</p></div><p>Naja.</p><p>Mitarbeiter die nichts zu tun haben, schaffen keinen Wert und werden trotzdem bezahlt,<br>Maschinen, die nicht ausgelastet sind, wurden bezahlt und schaffen weniger Wert.<br>Selbst beim Geld ist es &#228;hnlich. Geld auf dem Konto, das nicht zur Wertsteigerung eingesetzt wird, verdient vielleicht gerade mal ein paar mickrige Zinsen.</p><p>Es geht also darum mit den vorhandenen Ressourcen die maximale Wertsteigerung zu erzielen.</p><p>Und das macht das Granatapfel-Modell und zwar &#252;ber das gesamte Gesch&#228;ftssystem hinweg.</p><p>Ziele und Ergebnisse werden so gesetzt, dass alle Ressourcen immer am maximalen Wertzuwachs arbeiten.</p><p>Wie das genau geht k&#246;nnen sie in meinem Artikeln nachlesen, im Text zu diesem Podcast finden sie die Liste der Artikel und Podcast-Episoden.</p><p><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fmanaging-priorities">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/managing-priorities</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fwork-with-the-item-list">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/work-with-the-item-list</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fproject-and-item-planning-">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/project-and-item-planning-</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fmilestone-planning">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/milestone-planning</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fdrum-beat-get-things-done">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/drum-beat-get-things-done</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fdrum-beat-planning-and-documenting">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/drum-beat-planning-and-documenting</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Ftodo-management">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/todo-management</a><br><a href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-todo-management-that-transforms">https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/the-todo-management-that-transforms</a></p><h3>&#220;berfl&#252;ssige Ressourcen abbauen</h3><p>Nun will ich aber doch noch einige Worte zum Einsparen sagen, denn auch das hat mich in meinem Berufsleben intensiv besch&#228;ftigt.</p><p>Ich unterscheide zwei Situationen, in denen Ressourcen reduziert werden m&#252;ssen.</p><ol><li><p>Es sind mehr Ressourcen verf&#252;gbar, als zu einer sinnvollen Wertsteigerung notwendig sind.</p></li><li><p>Durch hohe Ineffizienzen in der Organisation werden mehr Ressourcen ben&#246;tigt, als idealerweise notwendig sind.</p></li></ol><p>Fall Nummer 1 ist Top Managers Liebling, auch wenn es h&#228;ufig mit unangenehmen Emotionen verbunden ist.</p><p>Nicht ben&#246;tigtes Personal kann abgebaut, nicht gebrauchte Maschinen und Einrichtungen k&#246;nnen abgeschafft werden. Budgets werden einfach gek&#252;rzt.</p><p>Leider ist das Szenario 1 im wahren Leben viel seltener anzutreffen als Szenario 2 und bei dem muss anders vorgegangen werden.</p><p>Hier m&#252;ssen erst die Ineffizienzen beseitigt werden, bevor die Ressourcen reduziert werden.<br>Tut man das nicht, was ich leider sehr h&#228;ufig beobachten musste, und reduziert die Ressourcen trotzdem, dann sinkt der Output und es entsteht eine Abw&#228;rtsspirale.</p><p>Zu einem zu hohen Ressourceneinsatz kommt dann zu allem Ungl&#252;ck noch ein fallender Nutzen hinzu und damit wird der Wirkungsgrad immer schlechter.</p><p>Die Ineffizienz besteht aus schlechter Effektivit&#228;t und schlechter Effizienz und das sind ja gerade die Baustellen an denen wir mit den beiden Modellen arbeiten. </p><p>Richtig implementiert und konsequent angewandt schaffen sie die Voraussetzungen f&#252;r sinnvolle Ressourceneinsparung.</p><p>Allerdings ist das dann noch eine zus&#228;tzliche Aktivit&#228;t. Der Ressourcenabbau ist in den beiden Modellen nicht enthalten. Wenn es Sie interessiert, wie das geht, dann schreiben sie mir. Auch dazu kann ich Tipps geben.</p><p>Doch nun zum universellen 4 Takt Zyklus.</p><h2>Der Universelle 4-Takt-Zyklus k&#252;mmert sich um die Effizienz</h2><div class="pullquote"><p>Der universelle 4 Taktzyklus ist eine Methode, mit der die Fehler-Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit reduziert wird.</p></div><blockquote><p>Damit sorgt er f&#252;r Effizienz.</p></blockquote><p>Die Sachen richtig machen hei&#223;t, auf m&#246;glichst direktem Wege zum gesetzten Ziel oder Ergebnis zu kommen.</p><p>Daf&#252;r bedient er sich einer Logik, die so allgemeing&#252;ltig ist, dass sie in sehr vielen anderen Methoden auch zu finden ist. Es ist eine Art Naturgesetz.</p><p>Auch hier begegnet mir wieder die magische Zahl 4, denn er besteht aus 4 Phasen, wie es der Name schon andeutet.</p><p>Am Anfang steht eine Phase des bewussten Planens, Analysierens, Vorbereitens, gefolgt von der Phase des Tuns, danach die Phase der &#220;berpr&#252;fung des Ergebnisses und der finalen Phase der Sicherstellung der Wirksamkeit.</p><p>Die genaue Beschreibung finden sie in einem eigenen Artikel und einer eigenen Podcast Episode und in weiteren Artikeln die ich demn&#228;chst schreiben werden.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;e6d41127-a884-4828-8b52-e0308812a786&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The time when I went to school is a long, long time ago.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Universal 4-Stroke Cycle &#8212; DCVI&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:317106276,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;35 years at Mercedes-Benz Trucks &#8212; Engineer, CTO, Director of Product Engineering. Mechatronic product development needs both classical and agile methods &#8212; most frameworks ignore that. I write about the hybrid approach that actually works.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-29T07:01:31.311Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6Ltf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94f9587b-4880-4b32-9612-f0b6fc0bd427_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/universal-4-stroke-cycle&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Business Practices&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:203748472,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:4,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:4108640,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ODrM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9ad834-cd42-4514-be77-d7000ee0109b_2048x2048.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Also abonnieren sie bitte den Newsletter, falls sie es noch nicht gemacht haben, damit sie nichts verpassen.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><h2>Das Zusammenspiel</h2><p>Beide Modelle werden gleichzeitig und sich &#252;berlagernd genutzt.</p><p>Der universelle 4 Takt Zyklus findet auf mehreren Ebenen des Granatapfelmodell statt. Mindestens allerdings zwingend auf Ebene 2 der Meilensteinplanung und Ebene 4 der ToDo Planung.</p><p>Es muss darauf geachtet werden, dass jedes ITEM mindestens die 4 Meilsteine aufweist, die den 4 Takten des universellen 4 Takt Zyklus entsprechen.</p><p>Ebenso muss jedes ToDo unbedingt alle 4 Takte durchlaufen. Auch wenn, gegebenen Falles, vielleicht ein Takt auch mal nur ein paar Minuten dauert, muss er auf jeden Fall stattfinden.</p><p>Bei jeder Planung wird immer betrachtet, in welchem Takt gerade gearbeitet werden muss.</p><p>Das klingt durcheinander und kompliziert?</p><p>Ist es aber nicht, es ist eine Sache der Gewohnheit. Hat man die Logik einmal intus, dann findet sich das ganz automatisch zusammen.</p><p>Effizienz und Effektivit&#228;t befruchten sich gegenseitig.</p><h2>Es ist nicht nur Logik sondern auch System</h2><p>In diesem Artikel habe ich mich darauf fokussiert, wie der Wirkungsgrad bei der Wissensarbeit verbessert werden kann.</p><p>Genau wie in der Ingenieurtechnik werden systematisch Verluste reduziert oder eliminiert und damit der Nutzen gesteigert und der Aufwand reduziert.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Es geht hierbei um ein Arbeitskultur, um eine gemeinsame Denk- und Vorgehensweise, die in der gesamten Organisation synchron und durchg&#228;ngig vorhanden sein muss.</p></div><p>Und um das zu erreichen m&#252;ssen Regeln und Prozesse implementieren werden, die genau diese Arbeitskultur vermitteln und die notwendigen F&#228;higkeiten und Gewohnheiten bei dem Mitarbeitern entwickeln.</p><p>&#220;ber diese operativen Details schreibe ich in meinen kostenpflichtigen Artikeln. Ich empfehle Ihnen das Abo zu buchen.</p><p>Ich halte es f&#252;r kosteng&#252;nstig und im schlimmsten Falle k&#246;nnen sie es monatlich wieder k&#252;ndigen, falls es ihnen nicht gef&#228;llt.</p><p>Im bezahlten Abo ist auch der Chat und meine pers&#246;nliche Verf&#252;gbarkeit f&#252;r Fragen und Analyse ihrer konkreten Situation enthalten.</p><p>Der Vorteil der Methode besteht darin, dass sie nicht an eine konkrete Software gebunden ist.</p><p>Sie k&#246;nnen die von mir empfohlene Software nutzen oder sie k&#246;nnen das System in anderen Tools implementieren.</p><p>Wenn Sie m&#246;chten helfe ich ihnen auch dabei.</p><h2>Was nehmen wir heute mit?</h2><ul><li><p>Der Wirkungsgrad ist ein blinder Fleck in der Wissensarbeit. Er wird oft ignoriert, obwohl er entscheidend f&#252;r den Erfolg der Unternehmung ist.</p></li><li><p>Effektivit&#228;t und Effizienz sind zwei unterschiedliche Fragen: <em>Welche Ziele sind es wert, erreicht zu werden?</em> und <em>Wie stelle ich sicher, dass ich diese Ziele auch tats&#228;chlich erreiche?</em></p></li><li><p>Das Granatapfelbaum-Modell beantwortet die Frage der Effektivit&#228;t.</p></li><li><p>Der Universelle 4-TaktZyklus beantwortet die Frage der Effizienz.</p></li><li><p>Es beginnt mit einer ehrlichen Wertstromanalyse: Welche T&#228;tigkeiten haben echten Wertbeitrag? Priorisieren Sie diese, vermeiden Sie alles andere.</p></li><li><p>Jeder Fehler ist Verschwendung. Um effizient zu arbeiten, m&#252;ssen Sie Ihre Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit erh&#246;hen und den direkten Weg gehen &#8211; ohne Schleifen, ohne Irrt&#252;mer.</p></li><li><p>Nicht Logik allein schafft Erfolg. Es braucht Systeme, Prozesse und Regeln.</p></li><li><p>Das System wird durch die Mitarbeiter implementiert bis es zur Gewohnheiten geworden sind.</p></li><li><p>Effizienz und Effektivit&#228;t befruchteten sich gegenseitig und werden gleichzeitig angewandt.</p></li></ul><p>Wie sch&#228;tzen sie sich ein? Wenden sie das Granatapfelmodell und den Universellen 4 Takt Zyklus schon an oder haben sie andere Erfahungen und Vorschl&#228;ge?</p><p><br>Schreiben sie mir ich lese alles.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/wirkungsgrad-in-der-wissensarbeit/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fwirkungsgrad-in-der-wissensarbeit%2Fcomments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:317106276,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="community-chat" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/uwemierisch/chat?utm_source=chat_embed&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;uwemierisch&quot;,&quot;pub&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:4108640,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;author_photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F257c14c8-b91f-46fb-9f4d-6a39fde9c3b5_1482x1482.png&quot;}}" data-component-name="CommunityChatRenderPlaceholder"></div><p></p><p>In den n&#228;chsten Episoden werde ich weiter in die Details des Granatapfel-Modelles und des universellen 4 Taktzykluses eingehen. Also abonieren sie meinen Podcast, damit sie nichts verpassen.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fsubscribe%3F"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p>Wenn ihnen diese Folge gefallen hat, dann empfehlen sie meinen Podcast doch bitte weiter.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/p/wirkungsgrad-in-der-wissensarbeit?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2Fp%2Fwirkungsgrad-in-der-wissensarbeit%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dshare%26action%3Dshare"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uwemierisch.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Uwe Mierisch&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="iframe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuwemierisch.substack.com%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsubstack%26amp%3Butm_medium%3Demail%26amp%3Butm_content%3Dshare%26amp%3Baction%3Dshare"><span>Share Uwe Mierisch</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>